Historical Background

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San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



Close-up view of the Settling Basins at the Mixing Chamber and Valve House of the San Juan Waterworks complex. A set of thick stone and masonry walls and other architectural elements that make up the Waterworks' Settling Basings are visible. In the background, dense vegetation starkly contrasts the built elements. The basins pictured here formed a semicircular area of approximately 3.1 acres in front of the historic buildings and were designed by engineer and architect Arturo Guerra in 1895-1896. Guerra modified Fernando Alameda's original design of a single rectangular basin in 1887 to six basins of varying sizes and depths to fit perfectly into the contours of the Piedras River. Construction was completed in 1898. The first four separated sediment and allowed clean water to enter the coagulation tank, where alum was added, purified, and finally passed to the Pumping Station. In 1989, all the basins were discontinued and filled with soil. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective from the southeastern end of the Santa Bárbara Bastion at Castillo San Felipe del Morro, also known as El Morro, in San Juan. This bastion features a crenelated parapet that integrates steps known as benches and sentry boxes with rectangular windows, cornices, and domes. A pair of semicircular openings are visible on the fort wall. Also visible are the fort's ramp, a tower-shaped sentry box, and a cannon pointing north towards the Atlantic Ocean. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Brunet Calaf House 1

Brunet Calaf House 1



Architectonic drawing from the Brunet Calaf house in the coastal town of Manatí. The house has two floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic and Vernacular style with gable roof. On the first floor you can see several elliptical arches framed and flanked by pilasters. Inside the arches there are double doors crowned with ornamental transoms. There is also an arch flanked by windows and paintings, crowned with an inscription that says: "Barber shop". On the other far end, on the first floor you can also see a sign that says: "Bar Rest. Plaza Salon comedor". Besides that, on the second floor you can see a balcony with a balustrade modulated by pillars that at the same time support the overhang roof. Inside the balcony there are several double doors with persiennes framed with moldings and crowned with transoms. In addition, the building is crowned with a triangular pediment decorated with an ornamental frieze, windows and a spherical design. In turn, to the right far end you can see a large arch flanked by pilasters on pedestals that at the same time support a continuous entablature. Above one of the pilasters you can distinguish a small commemorative plaque. Additionally, the arch is presided by an ornamental grille, a fluted pilaster and double doors with persiennes presided by small balconies. This residence was built in 1860 and partially renovated in 1885. It is linked to two of the most influential families in the Manatí area, the Brunet family and the Calaf family who contributed greatly to the sugar industry in the island. Despite they were two separate houses, in 1910 they were remodeled and united. Even though it is in ruins, since 1988 it belongs to the National Register of Historic Places.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique perspective of the Torre de la Reina Condominium, located on Avenida Constitución in the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. The building is rectangular and comprises several levels with individual apartment balconies. The facade combines solid panels and glazed areas, with a geometric pattern visible in the vertical panels running along the building. In the foreground is a paved street with a green lane dedicated to cyclists, delimited by metal posts. On the right side, densely canopyed trees provide shade and partially block the view of the ground floor of the building. Vehicles parked on the road and a small pedestrian ramp that connects the sidewalk to the street can be seen. Torre de la Reina Condominium was built in 1968, next to the port of San Juan and the Isabel II Battery. Its name comes from the Queen Isabel La Católica sculpture in the nearby Muñoz Rivera Park. The design was by Ponce-born architect William M. Biscombe and exhibits a Modernist style that creatively and distinguishably exemplifies the transformations of the historic zone during the second half of the 20th Century. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Aboy Residence - 88001304

Aboy Residence - 88001304



Main facade of the Aboy Residence, also known as the Aboy House in Miramar, an affluent suburb of San Juan. This two-story residence of concrete, wood, and a gabled roof with corrugated metal sheets represents a tropical adaptation of the Prairie School houses of the early 20th Century in the United States. On the main facade, a series of rectangular and void volumes create a dialogue between the horizontal and the vertical. In the foreground, two walls of different heights, arranged in ascending order, extend between a pair of square, vertical pedestals topped with Frank Lloyd Wright-style urns. This set of walls and pedestals form a horizontal planter that protects the steps leading to the front porch. The porch railing extends horizontally and rises a series of four square columns above it that support a flat frieze. A horizontally cantilevered concrete eave accents the second level. A row of dark wood defines the attic, and above it is a wooden eyebrow-type window enclosed by the gabled roof of the facade. The door is rectangular, and the vertical windows are narrow. A fence extends in front of the house, and several cars stand out on the avenue. The Aboy Residence was built in 1919 by engineers Miguel Ferrer and Francisco Pons following the design of the Czech architect Antonín Nechodoma, who paved the way for a modern architectural expression using his interpretation of the Prairie School style. Its owner, landowner Ramón Aboy Benítez, was one of the first to build this luxurious mansion in Miramar, setting the pace for other wealthy families residing in the old city of San Juan to see Miramar as an ideal area to settle.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00007

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00007



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan, was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. There is a masonry wall made out of stone and bricks that has a black-colored railing. There are brick steps, trees, two chairs sculpted with a cat figure, and people sitting on benches can be observed in the image. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. The old headquarters of the El Mundo/Puerto Rico Ilustrado newspaper in Old San Juan can be observed on the right side of the image. It was built in 1923 by the architect Francisco Roldán Martinó. The building has elements of the Moorish Revival architecture style. It is painted cream, white, and gray. The building's facade has mosaics, pilasters, glass windows, and an ornamented balcony supported by corbels. Adjacent to it is an orange and white building. This building has a portico with square columns and doorways with transoms and white grilles. The rear of Capilla del Santo Cristo de Salud, also known as Capilla del Cristo, can be seen on the left side of the image. It was built in 1753 by the military engineer and architect Juan Francisco Mestre. The chapel has architectural traits of the Mudéjar architectural style and was built out of brick and stone. The side facade of the old Hospital de la Concepción, also known as Convento y Casa de Salud Siervas de María, is partially visible in this image. The building is painted cream and white. It has parapets, cornices, brown-colored lattice windows, and transoms. The San Juan Bay can also be observed in the image.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of building #302 on Avenida Constitución in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District, San Juan. It was built in the 1960s with postmodern architectural elements, straight lines, and defined geometric volumes. The facade is dominated by vertical panels with linear textures painted blue and gray. The ground floor has a curved section at the corner with a rough finish, contrasting with the smooth and linear panels above. The main entrance is on one side, accompanied by a large glass window that spans almost the entire height of the ground floor and the first level. On the second floor, a rectangular balcony with metal railings stands out, covered by a horizontal slab that reinforces the geometry of the design. On one side of the building, there is a vertical metal fence that delimits the access. The surroundings include a sidewalk and a medium-sized tree in the foreground, which provides a natural contrast to the minimalist design of the building. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00003

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00003



View of the building González Marín 101 in the coastal city of Arecibo. It is a building Neoclassic style in plastered masonry of two floors originally built for comercial and residential purposes. The front facade has three sections and the side one of four sections that are connected through a curved corner. At the ground level, a continuous base holds the building. Surrounding the front and lateral facade you can see a row of white marble cladding interrupted by a front door flanked by two lamps. The door is double made of glass as well as the windows covered by corrugated metal laminas, framed with white moldings. Dividing the two levels of the blue color building you can see a white cornice that at the same time holds the front balcony made in corbel without railing. The balcony has three double doors with windows made of wood framed with moldings and crowned with an entablature. The door from the middle has three pilasters that at the same time holds a pediment. Besides that, at the left side there are four double doors with wooden windows crowned with entablature. Outlining the corners of the building it appears pilasters that hold the superior cornice and a parapet that crowned the building as an open balcony. In the surroundings you can see more buildings with different characteristics and vehicles. It was built in 1908, is one of the last buildings design with the Spanish Neoclassic vocabulary in the island. From its beginnings the building had bank institutions until 1930, under the consequences of the great depression, First National City opened its branch, being the first bank of United States in the zone.

Building Freiría Hnos. & Co. in the Isabel II Street in the neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

Building Freiría Hnos. & Co. in the Isabel II Street in the neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



View of the building Freiría Hmnos & Co., in the Isabel II street at the neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan. You can observe buildings with influence of the architectonic styles Neoclassic and Neo-renaissance. The building is painted cream and it has a brown stripe in the lower part, its doors are in the arch shape, some have grilles and it is notable a brown awning in the entrance. In the walls of its facade it has painted letters that say: "Moises Pazo Freiría" and "Freiría Hnos & Co". The building had a beer distributor company of the brand Blatz. At the front part it as a sign in red promoting that says:"Blatz Milwaukee Beer". To the left side you can observe a building that is green and terracotta, it has a small zinc roof and some painted letters that say: "Tel 46". To the right side there is a line of continuous buildings with power line poles and a sidewalk. At the background you can see the banks The National City Bank of New York and the Popular Bank of Puerto Rico. The first one has the name written on the building's facade and it has some large windows with green grilles. The Popular Bank is a building with influence of Art Deco style, it has a high tower with the name of the bank with metal letters and a clock. Around there is an alley, establishment signs, a school bus, paved streets with asphaltic concrete, power line poles, antennas, sidewalks and trees. Subsequently, this are became an apartment complex and the parking lot called La Puntilla.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



Side perspective of the Pumping Station of the old San Juan Waterworks. The station was designed in 1892, following the Spanish colonial architectural style, by the London-based company's consultant, Henry Thomas Granger, and was completed in 1896. The rectangular, one-story building with a gabled roof covered by deteriorating metal sheets was used initially to house coal, boilers, and steam engines. The latter were replaced in 1917 by electric motor pumps. The facade exhibits thick brick and limestone masonry walls, with wide openings corresponding to loading accesses. In the center, an octagonal chimney built with bricks and crowned with a Neoclassical cornice stands out. Dense vegetation, tall trees, parked vehicles, a metal fence, and poles with electric cables are seen surrounding the building. Behind the station, on the left, you can also see the former two-story residence of the director of the Aqueduct, with its ornamental cement blocks and iron railings on the balcony, as well as other auxiliary buildings. This station is the most outstanding in the complex due to its size and engineering work. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks, and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00001

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00001



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan. It was built in 1625 in the 17th century, after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. A plaza, at night, can be seen with railings, four benches, people, trees, and a boundary wall made of stonework. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. The Paseo de la Princesa can be observed on the left side. A tower with a dome is located in the upper part of the old La Princesa prison. The building has parapets, cornices, lattice windows, and white moldings. This building was built in 1837 and was used as a prison until 1976, when it was closed down due to problems with its structure. The Puerto Rican government restored the building in 1992 to serve as the headquarters for the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The architect, Miguel Carlo, was responsible for the building's restoration. There is also a sidewalk with street lights and several palm trees. The rear of the Capilla del Santo Cristo de Salud, also known as Capilla del Cristo, is visible on the right side. It was built in 1753 by the architect and military engineer Juan Francisco Mestre. The chapel has characteristics of the Mudejar architectural style. It was built in brick and masonry. The side façade of the old Hospital de la Concepción, which later became the Convento y Casa de Salud Siervas de María, is also visible. The building has several floors, parapets, cornices, and window openings. The San Juan Bay and the coast of the municipality of Toa Baja can be seen from a distance.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



Oblique view of the former official residence of the director of the San Juan Waterworks. It is a two-story, bungalow-style concrete building with a flat roof, designed by local engineer Carlos del Valle Zeno in the 1930s. On the upper level are sober Art Deco features with smooth walls and rectangular shutters, some of which are protected by metal grilles. The roof is flat, with a small eave that provides shade. The lower level includes a porch supported by rectangular stone columns that widen towards the base and contrast with the smooth surfaces of the rest of the building. The main entrance is located under this porch. On the left side, there is a small staircase with a concrete railing that leads to a secondary entrance, and in the background, a small auxiliary building, also built in a modest Art Deco style, which used to be the service room. On the upper facade, utilitarian elements such as air conditioning units and a curved pole lamp are installed near the roof. Surrounding the building are paved areas and vegetation. The residence was converted into administrative offices in the 1960s. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of hydraulic works from the late 19th Century in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying potable water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with Spanish colonial and Neoclassical influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, covering approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration, and processing tanks, a pumping station, and the second one houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks complex in that area was also key to the planning and development of numerous communities of Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned following the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Aerial perspective, by the United States Army, of the San Cristóbal Castle located in San Juan. It shows the west side of the castle, facing the Atlantic Ocean, where the officers' and troops' quarters, the Great Moat, the La Trinidad bastion, and the San Carlos ravelin are located. Beyond the fort, the sentry boxes, the San Sebastián bastion, the houses of La Perla community, and the group of buildings of various heights from the urban center of Old San Juan are visible. Also notable is the crenelated parapet that extends along the upper edges of the walls. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. The San Cristóbal Castle was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the city walls to the north and south. The San Juan National Historic Site includes: El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins; also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Linear view of a path at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, and the central promenade, plaza, and north promenade were paved with granite. The central path is made of stone, bordered by concrete borders that separate it from the grassy areas and shrubbery. Along the path are molded cement benches on a wire and mesh structure miming wood and lampposts. To the right is a gazebo, constructed like the benches, with a horizontal and vertical pattern designed to support climbing plants. In the background, large trees form a natural canopy, along with part of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse with its smooth yellow walls. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Front view of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Tower at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan, seen from the end of Camino Real. The tower's base features a lintel arch accentuating the entrance flanked by columns on ornate pedestals. The tower structure displays motifs in low reliefs, openings, a clock, cornices, balustrades, semicircular arches, ornamental bands, battlements, and pinnacles. Also notable are two flagpoles with the U.S. and Puerto Rican flags. The design of the Tower was commissioned to designer William Schimmelpfenning, of Texan origin and a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate, by the chief architect Rafael Carmoega. Using elements of the Spanish Gothic and Baroque Revival styles, its construction began in 1937. Once completed in 1939, it was inaugurated and named after the then-president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its emblematic composition consists of a carillon, a clock, a rotunda that rises four stories to reach a reinforced concrete dome, and a balcony with a carved mahogany balustrade on the third floor. In front of the tower is the Román Baldorioty de Castro square with a bust of the hero on a pedestal. A pedestrian crossing and several steps extending between the square and the University Tower are visible from the Camino Real path. A person is visible on one side of the pedestrian crossing, and several cars are in the surrounding area. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the main gate of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan, also known as El Morro. This entrance, consisting of a semicircular arch leading to the Plaza de Armas, is the only means of exit to the fort and is reached by a masonry bridge that crosses the Great Moat. Two pairs of columns stand out, supporting an entablature of metopes and triglyphs crowned with a triangular pediment and denticulated details. The upper part of the left wall exhibits a cantilevered course and a flagpole with the flag of the United States, and on the right, a sign with the inscription: "FORTRESS OF SAN FELIPE DEL MORRO, A UNIT OF SAN JUAN NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, U.S. ARMY FORCES, ANTILLES". The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Detail of rusted rods in the ceiling of the sacristy of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows an interior wall with the loss of its stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. The focal point is a rectangular opening in the upper section of an interior wall, likely a window or vent. Through this opening, we can see exposed rusted steel beams. Around this opening, the wall shows signs of deterioration with exposed masonry and peeling layers of siding. Moisture stains and mildew can be seen throughout. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Exterior view of the office at the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as Finca de Trujillo Alto, in San Juan. The concrete office was built in 1965 and houses books in a sitting and office area. Its architectural style is Modernist/International. On the left side is a double-leaf wooden door with solid lower panels and slatted upper panels. To the right of the wooden door is a metal-framed sliding glass door, and to the left, a space leads to a brick staircase with a wooden railing featuring turned cylindrical balusters and a spherical post cap. Above that area, hanging from the ceiling by a short chain, is a lantern-style light fixture made of dark metal with glass. In the lower left corner is a slender tree with bricks surrounding it, and it has a rustic appearance on the floor. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00015

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00015



Lateral view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. At the foreground, you can see a concrete fence with metallic grilles and parked vehicles in the street. The building has three levels with characteristics of the Neoclassic style made in fortified concrete. The side facade is divided in several sections horizontally, the base level and two superior levels. The base level has entrances under semicircular arches framed with moldings. Additionally, the arches are covered with metallic grilles. The second and third floor have double wooden doors and windows with rectangular persiennes with flat frames. The doors conduct to a balcony with balustrades secured by decorative brackets. It has balconies of a section with rounded corners and balconies of two rectangular sections. The balconies are flanked by compound flutted pilasters secured by a continuous cornice and under which there is a series of relief lion heads. Above the building you can see a balustrade decorated with roman amphorae. Besides that, at the right far end there is a building attached with roof tiles and an opening presided by a metallic railing and a cloth curtain. Also, you can see a sign on a far end. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the Houses of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied that first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned to residences became comercial spaces.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



View of the Río Piedras Bridge #3 at the old San Juan Waterworks complex. This historic 21.5-meter-long, colonial-style, symmetrical bridge was built in 1853. Below, one can see a central semicircular arch, two smaller ones on each side, and two triangular pillars that allow the flow of the waters of the Piedras River. The limestone and masonry construction presents a functional design, providing support to the old State Highway PR-1. A simple but elegant cornice runs along the sides of the bridge just below the parapet. In the background, the rails of the modern urban train can be seen. Dense vegetation on both sides of the river frames the space and contrasts the bridge's geometric shapes. In 2001, due to a major flood of the Piedras River, the arches had to be rebuilt using bricks exported from the Dominican Republic. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of hydraulic works from the late 19th Century in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying potable water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with Spanish colonial and Neoclassical influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, covering approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks, a pumping station, and the second one houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks complex in that area was also key to the planning and development of numerous communities of Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned following the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Interior view of one of the windows of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The ruins of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage show signs of loss of the stucco finish, leaving the brick and stone masonry, representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style, exposed. A deteriorating wall and opening with a semicircular arch can be seen, with cracks and vegetation growing over the top. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the quarter's entrance wall of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, located in La Puntilla area, San Juan. The brick wall has two square openings crowned with semicircular uprights that integrate grilles. A cornice and a pair of pilasters are also visible. The surfaces are partially covered with plaster; in some places, the material has fallen off or deteriorated. There is a pile of rubble on the ground. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Arsenal integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a rest area at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project was approved in 2003, led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, and the plaza and several paths around the park were paved with granite. In the center, a tree with dense foliage can be seen with horizontally spreading branches, creating a vast canopy. Surrounding its base is a circular, rustic stone border delimiting the garden space. Four symmetrically placed wooden benches are integrated into this circle, providing seating areas. The paths surrounding this space are made of fine gravel, delimited by slightly raised edges, connecting various directions in the garden. In the background, there is a partial view of several buildings and gazebos, while elements such as designed lampposts are also visible. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2010 00002

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2010 00002



The Ateneo Puertorriqueño located at Puerta de Tierra in Old San Juan. It was founded in 1876 and constructed by the engineer Ramón Carbia Burt in 1923. It is the oldest cultural institution in Puerto Rico, also known as "la Docta Casa." Its architectural style is representative of the Moorish Revival style. It was nominated to enter the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is painted white and terracotta. The upper half of the facade has an eave covered by tiles supported by wooden corbels. It also has seven multifoil arches interrupted by eight pilasters with tiles on top. On the lower half of the façade, six pilasters support a semicircular arch and an entablature covered in tiles with floral designs. The doorway has "Ateneo Puertorriqueño" written at the top. On both sides of the pilasters, there are friezes in high-reliefs with representations of human figures sculpted by the Italian artist Arrighini. There are steps and streetlights in front of the entrance. The building also has glass windows with hinged wooden frames and a torch-shaped ornamentation in the upper right corner of the image. Trees, shrubs, a palm tree, a decoration allusive to the Three Wise Men, a flagpole, grass, and a traffic sign can be seen in the surrounding areas. The Ateneo Puertorriqueño was founded to promote the theater, music, film, literature, history, science, the moral and political sciences, and the visual arts in Puerto Rico.

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00029

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00029



Front and lateral facade of the house Marcos Juan Alegría, located in Dorado. This house presents shades of yellow, white and gray. The facade is distinguished by a porch accentuated by an ornamental block balustrade interrupted by a grill gate with spiral motifs. On the balustrade there are columns that secure the porch ceiling. The doors and windows are double with louvers, panels and transom windows with small turned bars. Additionally, one of the windows integrates an appentice. The roof is compound of several sections of gable roof covered with zinc. On the gables it is visible a small window with circular shape and another one with rectangular shape with louvers. In front of the house there is a small wall that covers a ramp and a stair with a curved tube that serves as a handrail. The house was built in 1914 as home of don Juan Alegría and Mrs. Elisa Valles, whom raised there their children Cruz and Marcos Juan. They lived there for decades until the house was inherit by Cruz, the oldest child. After his death, it was inherit by Marcos Juan, so-called as don Tito. In the decade of the nineties Marcos Juan sold his property to the government of the municipality, who was in charge of restoring it and turn it into the Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría, that opened in 1998. The house, in addition, is a characteristic example of the type of architecture used in the residences at the beginning of the XX century.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00003

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00003



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan, was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. This image was taken at night and displays a plaza with railings, four benches, people, trees, and a boundary wall made of stonework. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. The posterior part of the Capilla del Santo Cristo de Salud, also known as Capilla del Cristo, is on the right side of the image. It was built in 1753 by the architect and military engineer Juan Francisco Mestre. The chapel has characteristics of the Mudéjar architectural style. It was built in brick and masonry. The side facade of the old Hospital de la Concepción, which later became the Convento y Casa de Salud Siervas de María, can also be observed on the left side of the image. The building is painted cream and white. It has parapets, cornices, and window openings. The roof of the old La Princesa prison can also be observed. The building has parapets and white moldings. This building was built in 1837 and was used as a prison until 1976, when it was closed down due to problems with its structure. The Puerto Rican government restored the building in 1992 to serve as the headquarters for the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The architect, Miguel Carlo, was responsible for the building's restoration. The San Juan Bay and the coast of the municipality of Toa Baja can be seen from a distance.

Villa Caparra PR-19 Intersection PR-2 No. 251 - Guaynabo - 2011 00081

Villa Caparra PR-19 Intersection PR-2 No. 251 - Guaynabo - 2011 00081



Detail of the door, the tiling and the windows of two rooms in the interior of Villa Caparra, located in Guaynabo at the intersection of the roads Puerto Rico 19 and Puerto Rico 2. The door has a fanlight window with stained glass with green shades. This door is flanked by a tiling that cover half of the wall and is finished with a molding with spiral motif. This tiling also shows geometric motifs that form a kind of bright star, distinctive from the coat of arms of the De Castro family, with shades of navy blue, turquoise blue, green, orange, yellow and red. The room in the foreground has a window like persienne with horizontal glass lamas. It is also partially visible a type of platform or table where there are tiles with geometric motifs with shades of white, blue, orange and yellow. The following room is distinguished by a tiling with a similar motif to the bright star and with blue, red and orange shades. The windows of this room are double leaf with green octagonal panels. The floor is covered with terracotta tiles and with square and rectangular shapes whose layout form a geometric pattern. The space also presents signs of deterioration with stains on the walls, accumulation of dirt on the ground and weeds that cross the windows. Between 1925 and 1927, began the construction of Villa Caparra. The architect design it for himself using architectural elements from the Spanish Revival and Mudejar styles. This residence is considered an architectonic work that provides guidelines to the "revival" of the Spanish Revival in the work of the architect and his new idea of the architecture from the 1930s.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of the ruins of the sacristy of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows the exterior walls of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, which, although deteriorated, still displays representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style. The walls show the loss of their stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction and vegetation above. In the center of the image, an opening corresponding to the entrance door to the sacristy can be seen, which retains part of its wooden frame. To the right, a partially visible window opening reveals the interior. To the left, at the rear, there is a low stone wall. The building is in a natural setting, with trees and shrubs growing both on top and around the walls, highlighting its neglect. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507



Interior view of the meeting hall at the Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1, also known as the Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico or House of Souls, located in Santurce, a sector in the Municipality of San Juan. The three-story concrete building was designed by Luis F. Delgado and Juan Rivera Paris and built in 1928 using volunteer labor from followers of the spiritualist philosophical thought in Puerto Rico. The building's first cornerstone was laid on November 29, 1926. Because this property was built in stages, with donated materials, the floor finish on the first level varies from hydraulic cement tiles to vinyl tiles. This spacious meeting room, located on the second level, displays a minimalist style. The main entrance is through the vestibule staircase, which is seen to the right. The staircase has two arched openings that allow for natural ventilation and lighting and provide access to the third floor, which is used solely for special ceremonies. The walls and ceiling feature simple concrete moldings. Five fluorescent lamps hang from the ceiling at the back of the room, and a long, narrow table faces a wall with three embossed arches. Below the central arch, a pedestal holds a large metal cup engraved in 1928 to honor the efforts of all the Center's members in completing the building. Crowning that same arch are two prominent blue Masonic symbols. In front of the table is an ambo with a microphone. As this is the most important space in the Center, special attention was paid to applying the floor finishes. The floor beneath the iron gate on the right features hydraulic cement tiles with a floral motif, unlike the area in the center, which features blue and white tiles with star motifs and a continuous chain-like border. A series of metal louvered windows are protected by designed iron grilles on the left wall. A wall-mounted fan is mounted next to each window. In the background, two wooden doors can also be seen on either side of the wall, along with signs with simple letters reading: "Conócete a ti mismo" and "Salón Andrés Alaska." The right wall also displays letters above an arrow-shaped relief reading: "Amor." The furniture consists of rows of metal-based chairs, a speaker, and a flag. A blackboard can also be seen in the background, beneath a glass-blocked opening that allows light into the room. The building is on the same land where Mr. Balbino Vázquez and his wife, María Cruz Carpintero, founded the Spiritist Center in 1910. Both were mediums and used their residence to hold meetings. In 1922, they added a wooden meeting room with a capacity for 300 people and named it the House of Souls. Spiritism, a philosophical movement that spread throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin America in the 19th Century, originates in the thought of Allan Kardec, and its fundamental principles combine philosophy and science. It held particular appeal among middle-class professionals, who considered it progressive. The first Spiritualist centers in Puerto Rico emerged in the 1870s. Mr. Vázquez, a carpenter responsible for the center's construction, died in 1937. His will and public document specified that the building and land would be administered by the Board of Directors of the Grand Lodge and that the building would not be used for any purpose other than its original purpose. Should the Grand Lodge cease its functions, the building would pass into the hands of the government of Puerto Rico, which could only use it for charitable or educational purposes. Fortunately, none of these stipulations have ever needed to be enforced, as the Grand Lodge, a non-profit organization, has continued to function as a community study center and promoter of the philosophical positions of the Spiritualist Doctrine from its founding to the present. The building has been preserved with structural integrity, serving as an enduring symbol of Puerto Rico's social and cultural history in the 20th Century.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Linear perspective of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, as seen from the islet area of ​​the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. The perspective shows the northern section of the abutment surrounded by trees, and concrete walls on either side of the longitudinal laminated girder track that crosses the San Antonio Channel. The bridge has a steel and concrete superstructure and a concrete substructure. The concrete was poured in situ, and the surfaces were covered with rough concrete stucco and smooth whitewash on all frames. On the right, the Guillermo Esteves Volkers Vehicular Bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, can be seen with multiple arches beneath it and in a Classical style. This bridge, designed by Rafael Carmoega, features concrete railings and modern lampposts along its entire length. In the background, several buildings of different architectural styles can be identified, which are characteristic of an urban area of ​​Miramar. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original rail network in San Juan.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Interior view of the chapel at Nuestra Señora de la Providencia Nursing Home, also known as the Homeless Nursing Home, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The chapel's interior features Gothic Revival influences, evidenced by the pointed arches and pronounced vertical proportions. The space is defined by tall columns with capitals decorated with gilded motifs and ornamental details. These rise to a large vaulted ceiling. In the background is a highly intricate and detailed carved wooden altarpiece composed of multiple pinnacles and framing religious figures in ornate niches. This element stands out for its craftsmanship, with clear Gothic influences. On both sides of the altarpiece, decorative statues are seen, characteristic of churches of this style. The side walls have colorful, arched, stained-glass windows decorated with Stations of the Cross panels. The furnishings include wooden benches, chairs, and a wooden pulpit on the left side. The floor is made of marble with a smooth, polished surface. Also notable is a large central crystal chandelier, which emphasizes the monumentality of the space. The Asylum began around 1890 when the Sisters of the Homeless Ederly built a modest one-story wooden shelter. Starting in 1913 in several stages, the construction of the existing building began with architects José Lázaro Costa and Enrique J Lázaro León and engineers Carlos E Lázaro García and Carlos A Lázaro León, including its expansion in the 1970s. The complex of buildings built over that period exhibits different styles. The exterior of the oldest one contains an eclectic combination of Neo-Mesopotamian and Gothic influences, while the chapel's interior contains creative Neo-Gothic elements. The reinforced concrete annex with brise-soleil elements, which was built later, represents the brutalist design of the 1960s-1970s. Construction was completed in 1991. The chapel within the Asilo is one of the most distinguished ecclesiastical buildings in the Historic District. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Parish San Antonio de Padua - Barranquitas - 2012 00006

Parish San Antonio de Padua - Barranquitas - 2012 00006



Front view of the Parish San Antonio de Padua in the town of Barranquitas. At the foreground you can see the square Bicentenaria Monseñor Miguel Ángel Mendoza decorated with an ornamental iron gazebo, landscape areas, ornamental iron benches, light poles, decorative fountain and plastic awnings. In front of the square there is the Parish San Antonio de Padua. The parish has two levels with an eclectic design inspired in the styles Spanish Revival, Art Deco and Neoclassic. The front facade is painted with orange and brick color views, decorated with a niche secured by a bracket in where there is in addition a railing and a statue of Saint Anthony of Padua. There is front a window made of glass with a semicircular arch framed and flanked by pilasters. The facade it also has glass windows, an oculus and a curvilinear pediment crowned with a cross. Additionally, from the building it stick out a belfry decorated with finishes, cornices, moldings and is crowned with roofing tiles and a cross. The Parish San Antonio de Padua was built for the first time in 1792, nonetheless, it has to be rebuilt four times after being destroyed by several hurricanes. In decade of 1930 the building also it was used as an academia, in addition, it has a cinema for the students and subsequently it was open to the general public; remaining in use until the decade of 1970. Finally, in 1933 was rebuilt with the current design and restored in the decade of 1980.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Frontal perspective from the interior plaza of the Quadrangle of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. This patio has a large garden with a sidewalk that leads to a monument that contains the busts of the poets Juan Ramón Jiménez, Luis Palés Matos, and Pedro Salinas. The garden is bordered by the Felipe Janer (1927) building and the Registrar's office, which exhibit arcades supported by columns with capitals of acanthus crowns and scrolls, brick tiles, double arches with mullions, and windows with horizontal louvered shutters. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



View of an interior hallway in the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. The hallway has white walls and green doors distributed along the corridor. Additionally, there are dark gray cylindrical columns along the corridor. On the left, a series of lattice windows allow natural light in, although they are partially closed. Below the windows is a line of ornamental blocks and a small garden. Halfway down the hallway, on the left side, there is an open metal gate. A series of narrow, rectangular windows are at the top of both walls. It has a flagstone floor with a stepped design in beige and brown tones. Along the ceiling are a series of rectangular light fixtures. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

City Hall of Arecibo - 2014 00002

City Hall of Arecibo - 2014 00002



View of the City Hall of the city of Arecibo. The building is of two levels made of brick masonry with typical elements of the Neoclassic style. It is painted with shades of salmon color and brown with white moldings. The facade is built horizontally with rustic base that covers part of the second floor. On the first floor there are three entrances over which there is an inscription that say: "Alcaldía" (City Hall). Also, there are several windows under semicircular arches and rectangular arches. The facade is divided with cornices hold by pilasters that extend to the second section and support the triangular pediment that crowns the building. Besides that, the superior level has seven double doors framed by thin pilasters that flank a blind pediment and curved. The doors of the far ends are shut in some balconies of a section and the three doors in the middle connect with a central balcony of three sections hold by brackets and shut in with ornamental metallic grilles. In front of the building they have up three flagpoles with the flags of Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the United States. Also, you can see vehicles parked on the street. The construction of the Arecibo city hall dates of the year 1866 under the Spanish control in the island. The first floor of the building was used as a prison while in the second floor where the offices. After the earthquake of 1918 the frontal facade suffered collapses so it was modified adding a clock tower until the year 1978 when they restore the building and bring back its original design.

Parroquia San Antonio de Padua - Guayama - 2012 00001

Parroquia San Antonio de Padua - Guayama - 2012 00001



Front view of the Parroquia San Antonio de Padua in the town of Guayama. The parish has two floors with characteristics of the Neo-romanesque style. It is presided by the Cristobal Colón square, surrounded by an ornamental metallic grille, benches and light poles. Besides that, the front facade is divided in three naves, the central nave has a double door made of glass framed and flanked by Ionic Order pilasters that at the same time secure a triangular entablature. On the entrance you can distinguish a circular stained glass framed with moldings and three niches with a Virgin Mary statue above which you can see a cross and wavy moldings. The lateral naves have an additional level and have wooden windows with persiennes under coupled arches framed with moldings, pilasters, bossages, dentils, cornices and wavy moldings. You can also see clocks framed with moldings and the belfry towers. They have coupled semicircular openings where the iron and gold bells rest. Both belfry towers are crowned with parapets and decorated with an ornamental frieze. In addition, to the left far end you can also see an apse chapel crowned with a dome and a lantern. The lantern has moldings, cornices and several semicircular openings. The Parroquia San Antonio de Padua is the only church in the island with the Neo-romanesque style, its construction began in 1827 and finished in 1867. One of the clocks that decorates the belfry towers was painted marking the hour in which the church was inaugurated. Years later, in 1979 it was included in the National Register of Historic Places.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a rest area in Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, the plaza was paved with granite, and several paths, such as the one seen here, were added. The path is bordered by concrete borders that separate it from the grass and shrubbery. In the center, a bench rests on a masonry base surrounding the trunk of a large tree. This base acts as a border that delimits the tree area, creating a seating area around it. On either side of the central bench, stone paths lead to similar areas. In the foreground is the main walkway composed of symmetrically arranged square granite slabs. Flanking the central bench are two classically designed lampposts with metal poles and bell-shaped lamps. The area reflects an orderly landscape design, emphasizing symmetry and using materials such as stone, metal, and wood to create an environment that harmonizes with nature. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Facade of the secretary's office and personal office/library at the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The office is a rectangular concrete space built in 1965 that houses books in a sitting, smaller area at the back that houses the office. Its architectural style is Modernist/International. In the center, a double-leaf wooden door stands out, with solid lower panels and slatted upper panels. On either side of the door are two wall lamps, each with a rectangular lantern design and a dark metal frame surrounding the glass. The roof juts from the walls, forming overhanging eaves around the building. On the wall left of the door is a sign with a sepia-toned portrait of Luis Muñoz Marín. On the left wall of the office, a Miami-style window with horizontal metal slats can be seen. The entire exterior has a brick floor with a rustic design and some irregular sections. A low brick wall to the right supports a wrought-iron railing that delimits a raised platform. Behind the railing and to the right, part of the library can be seen, with a wooden door similar to the main one and a sliding glass door. In the background, a small roof connects the two buildings, and trees and palm trees surround the house. To the left, part of a metal railing can be seen at a higher level. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Interior view of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico lobby, located on the grounds of Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. A spacious foyer with a modern spiral staircase leads to an upper level. It has a metal railing with thin lines and uniform marble steps. The lobby has a polished terrazzo floor, with two rectangular rugs in the central part. The space has large windows that allow natural light to enter and offer outside views, where trees and surrounding buildings can be seen. The walls are smooth, with details such as ventilation grilles and glass doors providing access to other building areas. To the left, there is a linear counter with smooth panels. The ceiling is flat and has a series of recessed circular light fixtures. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Side view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, seen from the islet area of ​​the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it, applying early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. In the foreground, the archway closest to the bridge's north abutment is visible. Each arch is supported by piers that act as fulcrums. The pillars feature shallow horizontal lines and a simple capstone. The bridge's surface has a concrete parapet with decorative geometric panels in low relief. The predominant material is concrete, and wear is evident in some areas. Graffiti also appears on some bridge sections, particularly on the pillars and around the arches. Underneath the bridge is debris and trash. On the far left, the bridge is partially surrounded by vegetation. In the background, the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, is visible, with multiple arches and a Classical style. This bridge, designed by Rafael Carmoega, features concrete railings and modern lampposts along its entire length. In the background, several buildings of different architectural styles can be identified, which are characteristic of an urban area of ​​Miramar. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original railway network in San Juan.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the mid-19th century gun emplacement at the Santa Barbara bastion battery, seen from the north side of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. Also notable are the crenelated parapet of the wall, the domed entrance to the spiral staircase, and a ramp. The walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Partial view of the living room of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete building with a Modernist/Internationalist architectural style. There is no evidence of plans, and the original construction date is unknown. The doors are wooden, and the windows have single or double-paned solid wood shutters. These open with closed interior wood and glass windows. Characterized by an eclectic and individual decor, the house is surrounded by symmetrically arranged double-paned wood and glass windows. The furnishings include two rocking chairs of varying styles, one with a dark wood frame and rattan back, and the other with a light wood frame and fabric cushion. The rattan back of a chair can be partially seen below. A carved wooden table with books and other decorative objects is notable between the chairs. The walls are densely adorned with photographs and artwork, covering almost all available space. A portrait of Don Luis Muñoz Marín dominates a section of the wall, serving as a focal point for the paintings. A marble sculpture stands out on the far right of the room, atop a dark wood console with curved legs and a marble top. In the background, along the back wall, a religious figure stands on a pedestal, adding a classical and spiritual dimension to the setting. On the back wall are several shelves with photos and a wooden cabinet that also serves as a platform for more photographs. The floor is covered with red hydraulic tiles, complementing the wood tones of the furniture and window frames. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of a tower-shaped sentry box located at the end of the ramp between the Santa Bárbara bastion and the Plaza de Armas at the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. This type of sentry box is hexagonal in plan, exhibits loopholes in its body, and is crowned with denticles, a cornice, and a crenelated parapet. Due to its style and the use of cement-bound brick, it is presumed to have been built in the late 19th century. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Building of the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo at the Old San Juan

Building of the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo at the Old San Juan



Frontal view, from the Comercio street, building known as Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo at the Old San Juan. The building is made up two parts. The first one was built in 1914 and it had the influence of several architectonic movements like, Beaux-arts, the Federal style and Spanish Renaissance. You can observe it has the pavilion shape and it has the colors cream and light gray. Is built with cement and limestone, its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and its doors and windows are from by voussoirs and covered with green grilles. In front of the building you can see narrow stairs that form the main entrance of the building. The second building was built on 1940 and also has the influence of the Avant-garde movement and Venetian school. It has the aspect of a tower with roof extension with the shape of lanterns, part of the roof is covered with roofing tiles and it has the colors cream with light gray. Its windows and doors are also formed by voussoirs. You can find the building intercepting the streets Comercio and Tanca. You can observe other buildings around like, the Popular Bank of Puerto Rico, Ochoa building and what it was the American Colonial Bank. Additionally, you can see on its surroundings bus, kiosks, automobiles, sidewalks, power lines, light poles, a flagpole with the United States flag, people, and the paved streets with paving stones. The opened lot that is in front of the building became the municipal parking lot Doña Fela.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00001

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00001



Side view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic style in concrete. The lateral facade is divided in six sections. Horizontally, the building is divided in two parts, the base level and two superior levels. The second and third level have door openings and rectangular windows with flat frames. The openings conduct to a balcony with balustrades supported by decorative brackets. There are small balconies with rounded corners and balconies of two rectangular sections. Between the balconies there are flutted pilasters that support an entablature with ornamental frieze, continuous cornice and dentils. Crowning the building you can see a parapet with balustrade and roman amphorae. Also, you can see an extension of the construction on a smaller size with glass doors and glass lattice style windows crowned with amphorae. The chamfered corner the parapet is interrupted by a curvilinear pediment. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with commercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government constituted the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-Arts School and the Traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences they became comercial spaces.

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289



Linear perspective of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The bridge is a single-span, two-lane, Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge resting on concrete abutments and crossing the Río Grande de Loíza. In the foreground, the bridge features triangular truss patterns and a metal railing. In the background, a road with several cars can be seen. On the right side of the image, part of the concrete bridge that replaced the old metal bridge can be seen. Dense vegetation to the left of the bridge contrasts with the rigidity of the metal, providing a natural setting around this industrial structure. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Highways and Transportation Authority proposed demolishing the bridge, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historical monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002-2004 restoration project. The missing steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801-2001). Although the integrity of the surroundings was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and access spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters – 14001135

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters – 14001135



Detail of the main staircase of Villa Victoria, also known as the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) headquarters, in San Juan. Originally built as a family residence, the house is made of wood, masonry, and concrete, has a single elevated floor with a basement, and is in the French colonial style. Each step is covered with decorative ceramic tiles, featuring a geometric pattern in shades of blue, yellow, white, and black. The stair railings are made of wrought iron, with an ornamental design, in white. The railing posts end in small ornamental finials that add a decorative touch. At the top of the staircase is a small landing preceding the double-leaf wooden main door. Garden elements, including grass and shrubbery, can be seen on both sides of the stairs. Villa Victoria is one of the few remaining homes that predate the expansion and development boom in Santurce and the Miramar residential area, and it is one of the oldest. Although the architectural elements suggest a possible 19th-century construction, no documents dating before 1903 have been found, nor has any record of the architect in charge of the design. After passing through several owners, it was acquired by the YWCA in 1955, becoming the headquarters of a vital institution in women's empowerment in Puerto Rico. Although the building has undergone several renovations throughout its existence, its architectural character and composition remain intact, making it an excellent example of fin-de-siècle buildings.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Linear perspective of the facade of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a symmetrical and modern reinforced concrete building with columns and beams that give it a sense of lightness. The windows with horizontal metal slats on the second level, the wide glass panels and wrought iron railings on the third, the low ceiling, and the dark walls of the first level also emphasize the illusion of a floating and light building. Some walls are covered with white plaster, and others with white marble and granite. The modern staircase, which is the focal point of the main lobby, is situated in a wide space with large windows. The building features a system of columns that partially raise the ground floor, generating an open and shaded space on the lower level. A reflective pond is observed in front of the building, which acts as the predominant visual element. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Low-angle view of the multi-story Department of the Family building, also known as the San Juan Masonic Temple, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building has a rectangular design that combines elements of modern architecture with Art Deco-inspired details. The main facade is subdivided into clearly defined vertical panels with decorative elements and flat columns. The use of horizontal moldings predominates to separate the floors. It has rectangular windows, evenly distributed and framed with simple details. The upper levels have additional details in the moldings, accentuating the typical geometric design of the style. The main entrance projects slightly outwards and is on an elevated level, accessible by stairs. It is framed by a portico with columns of simplified design and a slightly protruding entablature, where the text is inscribed: "Administración para el Cuidado y Desarrollo de la Niñez, ACUDEN, Departamento de la Familia." Straight moldings stand out on the upper level, marking the edge of the building, with small, discreet ornamental details, such as the decorative panels between the upper windows. After a fire in 1926, the original building designed by Antonín Nechodoma in 1913, which housed the San Juan Masonic Temple, was rehabilitated and converted into the headquarters of the Industrial Commission of Puerto Rico until 2009, when it passed into the hands of the Department of the Family. The current entrance portico echoes the classic style of a Masonic lodge. On the lower level, trees soften the urban environment. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the interior of casemate number seventeen at Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan. This perspective exhibits a vault with two semicircular arches. Two openings are visible on the ceiling and the wall, one circular and the other rectangular. Electrical fixtures run through the ceiling. Various objects, such as a pedestal fan, boxes, electrical machinery, and tables, are also seen in the space. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Walter Mc Kown Jones School - 12001249

Walter Mc Kown Jones School - 12001249



Main and side facades of the Walter Mc Kown Jones School in Villalba. The single-story, reinforced concrete building, built in 1926, is an example of early 20th-century institutional architecture on the island. Its eclectic style combines influences from the Neoclassical and Spanish Renaissance styles and many elements of the Prairie style, such as the brick details in the arches and the strong horizontal lines in the wide cornices. The image highlights a symmetrical facade with seven Roman arches, each supported by paired round columns that share a base and impost. At the top of the parapet are six decorative concrete scuppers with a concave molding projecting, each vertically aligned with the medallions that adorn the spandrels on the wall between the arches. The school name appears in the center of the main elevation, above the wide cornice and below the scuppers. The center of each medallion features an indeterminate thick finish surrounded by earthenware tiles arranged in a concentric pattern framed by an astragalus molding. A tie-shaped ornament (superimposed by three horizontal band moldings) flanks the window. Above the window are two pairs of sawtooth brackets framed by simple moldings. The brackets support a thin, flat concrete slab eave. A roofed portico marks the main entrance. On the side facade, thin concrete columns separate one window from the other, imitating mullions. In front of the facade's arches, a person stands next to a small wooden fence, and the vegetation appears sparse and overgrown. The building shows deterioration on the windows, paint, and surroundings. The original building was built in 1926 and designed by Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega Morales, who played a pivotal role in school construction in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1947, the Government of Puerto Rico commissioned contractors José Correa Álvarez and Carlos V. Cabiya to make modifications and add four additional classrooms to the school. In 2018, the school closed its doors but continued to be managed by the Walter Mc Kown Jones Foundation. Its continued use over the decades, expansions, and repairs have further reinforced its preeminent role as a key academic facility and one of Villalba's most important architectural resources.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



Low-angle view of the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. In the foreground is a green area, composed of grass and several leafy trees that obstruct the view of the building. The left facade of the building has a series of balconies projecting outward on each level, arranged uniformly. These balconies have concrete railings as privacy walls, with vertical windows on each side to control ventilation and natural light. On the right, a facade of vertical panels arranged uniformly, from the ground to the highest level, allows light and air to pass through while maintaining privacy. These vertical slats occupy a large portion of the facade, emphasizing verticality. In front of the building is a bicycle parking area. On the left, a man stands near the base of the building, in what appears to be a pedestrian path. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249



Perspective of the mausoleums and tombs at San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery in Ponce, representative of the funerary architecture of the early 20th Century. The mausoleum of the Serrallés family stands out with characteristics of the Neoclassical style, such as columns with Ionic capitals, a cornice followed by an ornamental band, a parapet, and a pyramidal roof crowned with a cross. It also has a door framed with moldings and a small cornice. Numerous tombs are visible around this mausoleum, some bordered with balustrades, others adorned with plaques and sculptures in niches, pillars, crosses, and flower pots. The buildings of the city of Ponce can be seen in the background. The San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery was erected, blessed, and administered by the Vincentian Fathers for the exclusive use of the wealthy Catholic residents of Ponce and opened in 1901. The layout follows the Spanish tradition of having two main axes forming a cross, and its tombs and mausoleums span varied architectural styles typical of the Spanish Classical Revival through to Art Deco. These display sculptures in marble, granite, and pink Ponce stone, interspersed with less sophisticated funerary monuments designed by unknown local craftsmen. The cemetery also exhibits a group of niches built below ground level, thus giving the effect of catacombs. Many were abandoned or moved to the Ponce Civil Cemetery due to the high cost of maintenance and strict regulations set by the administration.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the upper level of El Abanico battery at the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. From this perspective, a pair of pillars with pyramidal tops, a sentry box, and the ammunition depot from La Princesa battery area are also visible. The walls are made of sandstone blocks and bricks, and the surfaces are plastered. In the background, several cars and a boat crossing the Atlantic Ocean are visible. El Abanico is the main unit of San Cristóbal Castle and owes its name to the equilateral triangular shape it exhibits, similar to a fan. It was built around 1800 and was the last element of the original design of the exterior works of the castle to be completed. San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. Furthermore, La Princesa bastion preserves its original casemates, and the ammunition depot is built at a lower level. A dirt-covered bunker and a reinforced concrete base from a World War II anti-aircraft emplacement overlay this unit. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Aerial view of the San Cristóbal Castle, the Abanico Fort, and the Princess Battery in the Old San Juan Historic District. In the background, situated 30 to 60 feet above the Atlantic Ocean, is the San Cristóbal Castle, a Spanish military fortification with elements characteristic of 16th and 17th-century defensive architecture. The castle was intended to defend the city from land, although the casemates on its north side contained artillery positions also to protect it from attacks from the sea. It comprises stone and masonry walls designed to resist attacks and protect its interior. Its exterior contains prominent bastions, some with upper platforms, used as bases for artillery. The Abanico Fort, built between 1779 and 1783 by military engineer Thomas O'Daly, Chief of the Spanish Corps of Engineers in San Juan, can also be seen in the center of the surrounding terrain. It is one of several fortified bastions of the outer works of the castle, with a fan-shaped design with three gun emplacements for crossfire and an embrasure in the parapet of the ravelin to cover the eastern access to the fort. Of special interest is a system of mining galleries under the rampart. This structure may have been slightly modified by the revisions of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Still, it remains an intact example of the fortifications erected by Spain to protect its possessions in the New World. On the right side of the image is the Battery of the Princess. This bastion was a coastal artillery defense of the Spanish Army, then modified by the United States Army to provide space for housing and defenses during World War II. On the far left is the parking lot and the roof of the historic Casa de España building. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



Detail of the brick cladding on one of the arches on the facade of Rafael Cordero Secondary School, also known as the Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. Peeling paint can be seen on the arch, revealing the brick cladding. The arch has a blue-painted articulated moulding on the impost that reinforces the central axis. In the lower section is an area of ​​blocks with square perforations, typical of passive ventilation designs on facades. Above the arch, part of a small parapeted balcony with wrought iron railings and brackets can be seen. To the right, a security camera is mounted on the wall. Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its era in Puerto Rico and maintains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts the distinctive features of early 20th-century school buildings while simultaneously claiming individual distinction.

La Familia Mural - SG100001763

La Familia Mural - SG100001763



An angled view of the mural 'The Family' in front of the Barrio Obrero Multiple Services Center in Santurce, Municipality of San Juan. The Venetian mosaic artwork, commissioned by the San Juan government administration and inaugurated in 1970, was designed and built by one of Puerto Rican muralists, Rafael Ríos Rey. The work measures 22 feet 7 inches long and 11 feet 3 inches high and features approximately 90,000 pieces of glass in various colors placed on the Center's main reinforced concrete wall. The artist conceived his work as a standalone object five feet from the building, but in 2015, following a renovation, the mural became a permanent part of the concrete building's facade. The design depicts a family as the central figure, surrounded by fine art, history, and education symbols. Surrounding it, various elements such as a guitar, theater masks, a sentry box, a tree, letters, and human figures symbolize artistic and educational aspects. The mural rises from a low base with a garden area, visually distinguishing it from its surroundings. Ríos Rey used the mural to communicate directly with the local people with a visual message that was understandable to them in a variety of ways, utilizing the artistic language of social realism, as he learned from his early contact with the Mexican muralist movement of the 1930s in New York City. The mural rises from a low base with a garden area, visually distinguishing it from its surroundings. Behind the mural, the building has a modern architectural design, with straight lines and symmetrical shapes. There are a series of glass windows on the upper level with aluminum frames. A metal gate with a simple design can be seen on the right side. On the left side, a partially iron fence can be seen. ‘The Family’ was presented to the public in 1970 as part of the inauguration of the government building, whose mission was to provide social services to the families of Barrio Obrero. The mural reflects the building's social purpose by highlighting the family as a central figure, surrounded by images that shape the cultural values ​​that define Puerto Rican society. Also included are images associated with Old San Juan, supported by a mountain of books representing the past and an open, empty book to invite the population to write their new history. In 2017, the mural was severely affected by Hurricane Maria. Of the approximately 120 murals created by Ríos Rey, only seven were executed in Venetian mosaic. Among these extremely limited productions, ‘The Family’ possesses the highest historical integrity, giving this resource exceptional value.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00007

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00007



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan. It was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. Night perspective from the posterior of the old Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce building. The building was designed in 1926 by the architect Antonín Nechodoma to be the headquarters of the Federal Land Bank of Baltimore in Puerto Rico. It was previously known as the San Juan Securities and Supplies Lonja. It was acquired by the Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce in 1937 and was sold to a private party in 2019. The building is painted orange and white. It has hung windows, hinged windows, and a portico. A boundary wall made of stonework, a railing, and planters with shrubs can be seen. There is another building painted gray and white next to this building. It has white moldings, parapets, cornices, and lattice-style and glass windows. Behind this building is the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico. The building is painted cream and represents the Art Deco architectural style. It was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and was built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier. One of the towers has a clock and a sign that reads "Banco Popular." The Paseo de la Princesa pathway is visible on the right side of the panorama. Trees, palm trees, and streetlights can be observed. The semicircular roof of Dock 1 in San Juan Bay can also be observed. The Old Post Office and Federal Courthouse José V. Toledo building can also be seen, representing several architectural styles such as Beaux Arts, Federal, and Spanish Colonial Revival. The building was designed by Oscar Wenderoth and is painted cream and terracotta. It has two towers crowned by lanterns with pinnacles and Spanish tiles. Rectangular glass windows and parapets are visible. The building entered the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. In addition, several high-rise buildings can also be seen on the other side of the Bay.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110



View of the corridor on the second level of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in the Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Revival style combined with architectural influences from the Colonial Revival styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The corridor is long, with a patternless polished concrete floor, gray trim, and a series of semicircular arches supported by simple columns integrated into the wall. These centralized, symmetrically arranged, double-height openings constitute the largest perforations in the building. The same arch pattern is repeated on the interior wall, creating a symmetrical passageway and maximizing air and light circulation in the second-floor lobby. Concrete balustrades rise from the ground level above the six exterior arches, allowing these arched openings in the facade to also function as balconies, allowing visitors to the second-floor lobby to maintain a close connection with the exterior. The high ceiling features exposed metal beams and hinges placed parallel without additional cladding. The right wall features areas where the plaster has peeled away, revealing underlying construction materials. Toward the back is a frameless rectangular opening. To the right is a temporary security fence made of lightweight materials. To the left, between the arches, are other concrete buildings, electric poles, and a small galvanized metal fence. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective from the Tejeda bastion and the Santa Bárbara bastion in the background, at the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle, the cannons between the cannon course, the crenelated parapet at the top of the wall, and the dome and spherical ornament of a sentry box are notable. In the background, the ruins of the old leper colony on the island of Cabras are visible in the bay of San Juan. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00010

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00010



Banco Popular of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1939, designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley, and built by the engineers José Benítez y Gautier, Manuel Miró y Saudí, and Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo. The bank was built where the Banco Territorial y Agrícola of Puerto Rico was originally located during the 19th century. The building is representative of the Art Deco architectural style. The image is a distant view of the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico from Tetuán Street at night. The upper half of the building has a sign with white lights that reads "Banco Popular," and there is a clock underneath it. On the left side of the image is a building with a balcony, balusters, cornices, pilasters, semicircular arches with keystones, and wall lamps. Automobiles and a paved street can be seen in the center of the image. The old Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce building is on the right side of the image. It was designed in 1926 by the architect Antonín Nechodoma to be the headquarters of the Federal Land Bank of Baltimore of Puerto Rico. The building was previously known as the San Juan Securities and Supplies Llotja. It was acquired by the Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce in 1937 and was sold to a private party in 2019. The building is orange and white. It has stairs with railings, rectangular windows, and two columns supporting a sign in Spanish that reads "Chamber of Commerce." Next to this building is a blue and white building with parapets, cornices, and balconies with wooden double-leaf windows.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the southern wall of the Santa Bárbara bastion, seen from the inside of another sentry box of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. It is distinguished by a sentry box articulated by a base with a lamp, a cord, and a plinth; ashlars and rectangular windows in the body; and a crown with a cornice, a dome, and a spherical ornament. The sandstone wall extracted from quarries in San Juan exhibits a cantilevered course and a crenelated parapet. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507



Oblique view of the Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 facade, also known as the Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico or House of Souls, located in Santurce, a sector in the Municipality of San Juan. The three-story concrete building was designed by Luis F. Delgado and Juan Rivera París and built in 1928 using volunteer labor from followers of the spiritualist philosophical thought in Puerto Rico. The building's first cornerstone was laid on November 29, 1926. The main facade utilizes abstract elements of Classical origin. Each level is differentiated from the next by a transition of openings—from an open balcony on the first level to only three windows on the second and third levels—and square-section columns on the first floor that transform into pilasters on the second level and into the facade wall on the third. A simple pediment crowns the facade with a relief forming the name and date of construction that reads: "Logia Espiritual Número 1, Casa de las Almas, 1928." A pole with a flag can also be seen. Below the pediment are rows of horizontal metal louver windows, with textured concrete relief panels just below each one. The second-level windows are crowned with three concrete moldings repeated on the first level. Originally, the windows were wooden, casement, and glass, but were later replaced by the current ones. Vertical metal grilles and columns protect the three large, flat arches on the first level with simple moldings. The central arch is the only access door to the building. The side facade displays similarly styled windows on all three levels with small, stepped eaves. The urban setting includes a narrow street with several cars in front of the building and electrical wires hanging from poles. The building is on the same land where Mr. Balbino Vázquez and his wife, María Cruz Carpintero, founded the Spiritualist Center in 1910. Both were mediums and used their residence to hold meetings. In 1922, they added a wooden meeting room with a capacity for 300 people and named it the House of Souls. Spiritism, a philosophical movement that spread throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin America in the 19th Century, originates in the thought of Allan Kardec, and its fundamental principles combine philosophy and science. It had particular appeal among middle-class professionals, who considered it progressive. The first Spiritualist centers in Puerto Rico emerged in the 1870s. Mr. Vázquez, a carpenter responsible for the Center's construction, died in 1937. His will and public document specified that the building and land would be administered by the Board of Directors of the Grand Lodge and that the building would not be used for any purpose other than its original purpose. Should the Grand Lodge cease operations, the building would pass to the Puerto Rican government, which could only use it for charitable or educational purposes. Fortunately, none of these stipulations have ever been necessary, as the Grand Lodge, a non-profit organization, has continued to function as a community study center and promoter of the philosophical positions of the Spiritist Doctrine from its founding to the present. The building has been preserved with structural integrity, serving as a lasting symbol of Puerto Rico's social and cultural history in the 20th Century.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of a small concrete building adjacent to the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. This and other resources (a water tower, two support buildings, and two feeders near a wooded area) operated within the property and were associated with a dairy farm in the 20th Century. An open space can be seen, which appears to be a road or paved area, invaded by vegetation. In the background, a deteriorated wall can be seen, with inscriptions reading: "Hacienda El Plantaje, Patrimonio Cultural." The appearance of the wall suggests that it was part of another, larger building that was later abandoned. To the right, part of a concrete watering hole extends beyond the wall. There is abundant vegetation and tall trees throughout the area. The grounds are covered in weeds and dry grass. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00002

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00002



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan. It was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. The moment was captured at night and displays a plaza with railings, three benches, people, trees, and a boundary wall made of stonework. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later converted into a park. The Paseo de la Princesa can be seen on the left side. A tower with a dome is located in the upper part of the old La Princesa prison. The building has parapets, cornices, lattice windows, and white moldings. This building was built in 1837 and was used as a prison until 1976, when it was closed down due to problems with its structure. The Puerto Rican government restored the building in 1992 to serve as the headquarters for the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The architect, Miguel Carlo, was responsible for the building's restoration. There is also a sidewalk with street lights and several palm trees. The posterior part of the Capilla del Santo Cristo de Salud, also known as Capilla del Cristo, is on the right side. It was built in 1753 by the architect and military engineer Juan Francisco Mestre. The chapel has characteristics of the Mudéjar architectural style. It was built in brick and masonry. The side facade of the old Hospital de la Concepción, which later became the Convento y Casa de Salud Siervas de María, can also be seen. The building has several floors, parapets, cornices, and window openings are visible. The San Juan Bay and the coast of the municipality of Toa Baja can be seen from a distance.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the Santa Bárbara bastion, located in the northwest corner of the San Felipe del Morro Castle known as "El Macho." From this angle, the crenelated parapet on the walls, the steps known as banquettes, two sentry boxes crowned with cornices and domes, rotating rails, and a cannon that points north towards the Atlantic Ocean stands out. In the background, a ramp leading to the upper level and the sentry box on the far end is visible. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of a sentry box from the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. The sentry box is attached to the fort wall and is distinguished for having windows, a cornice, and a spherical ornament on the dome. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of sentry boxes in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th century. Also notable is the crenelated parapet of the wall from which wires and a post extend. The Atlantic Ocean is seen in the background. The San Cristóbal Castle was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the city walls to the north and south. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters – 14001135

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters – 14001135



A side facade view of Villa Victoria, also known as the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) headquarters in San Juan. Originally built as a family residence, the house is made of wood, masonry, and concrete, has a single elevated floor with a basement, and is in the French Colonial style. On the upper level is a covered veranda supported by six slender wrought iron columns, or colonnettes, over which extends a metal and wood roof. The veranda features three double doors adorned with decorative moldings and blocks imitating columns on both sides and corner ashlars, all painted turquoise blue. This veranda is delimited by a wooden balustrade, which is simpler than the wrought iron railings on the front of the building. Iron bars protect the windows and entrances on the lower level, and a small path leads to the basement entrance. In the yard, a chain-link fence borders the property, along with several trees and shrubs. Villa Victoria is one of the few remaining homes that predate the expansion and development boom in Santurce and the residential area of ​​Miramar, and it is one of the oldest. Although the architectural elements suggest a possible 19th-century construction, no documents dating before 1903 have been found, nor has there been any record of the architect in charge of the design. After passing through several owners, it was acquired by the YWCA in 1955, becoming the headquarters of a vital institution in women's empowerment in Puerto Rico. Although the building has undergone several renovations throughout its existence, its architectural character and composition remain intact, making it an excellent example of fin-de-siècle buildings.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



View of the pedestrian platform of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, as seen from the islet of ​​the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. This section consists of two elliptical arches and a pillar in the center. The arches support a flat concrete deck. Above the pillar, on both sides of the deck, is a "T"-shaped bridge extension that creates a pedestrian platform. A notable detail is a plaque that reads "C.F. de P.R. 1923," indicating the date construction began. The upper part of the bridge has horizontal rectangular moldings that run along its entire visible span. These are simple and follow straight lines without excessive decorative elements. In the background, the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, can be seen in a classical style with multiple arches beneath it. This bridge, designed by Rafael Carmoega, exhibits elliptical arches, monumental pillars, and a concrete balustrade. It has various modern lighting units along the roadway, and several automobiles travel across it. Above the abutments, it has concrete columns with streetlights. In the background, several buildings of different architectural styles can be identified, which are characteristic of the urban area of ​​Miramar. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the islet of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original rail network in San Juan.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of a World War II observation post located on the highest level of San Felipe del Morro Castle, known as El Caballero. From this angle, seen from the Carmen bastion, the openings of the fortification can be seen, and near the crenelated parapet of the wall, there are some steps known as banquettes. El Caballero rises more than 100 feet above the coast, offering a panoramic view of the ocean, the city, and the bay. At one time, it was the communication link between the harbor master and the ships arriving in San Juan. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the Ochoa and Del Carmen bastions seen from the Tejeda bastion at the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle can be seen the overhanging course and the crenelated parapet at the top of the wall, a sentry box with a lamp and cord at the base, a window in the body, and a crown with a cornice, a dome, and a spherical ornament. Also noteworthy is the lighthouse, characterized by semicircular windows, finials in small turrets, and a lantern. The lighthouse also stands out with semicircular windows, finials in the shape of small sentry boxes, and a lantern. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the upper is 140 feet above. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507



View of the Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 facade, also known as the Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico or House of Souls, located in Santurce, a sector in the Municipality of San Juan. The three-story concrete building was designed by Luis F. Delgado and Juan Rivera Paris and was built in 1928 using volunteer labor from followers of the spiritualist philosophical thought in Puerto Rico. The building's first cornerstone was laid on November 29, 1926. The main facade displays abstract elements of Classical origin, crowned by a simple pediment with a relief forming the name and date of construction that reads: "Logia Espiritual Número 1, Casa de las Almas, 1928". A pole with a flag can also be seen. Below the pediment is a row of horizontal metal louver windows, with textured concrete relief panels just below each one. Below the windows, a simple cornice with concrete moldings projects subtly, dividing the upper part. The building is on the same land where Mr. Balbino Vázquez and his wife, María Cruz Carpintero, founded the Spiritualist Center in 1910. Both were mediums and used their residence to hold meetings. In 1922, they added a wooden meeting room with a capacity for 300 people and named it the House of Souls. Spiritism, a philosophical movement that spread throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin America in the 19th Century, originates in the thought of Allan Kardec, and its fundamental principles combine philosophy and science. It had particular appeal among middle-class professionals, who considered it progressive. The first Spiritualist centers in Puerto Rico emerged in the 1870s. Mr. Vázquez, a carpenter by trade and responsible for the Center's construction, died in 1937. His will and public document specified that the building and land would be administered by the Board of Directors of the Grand Lodge and that the building would not be used for any purpose other than its original purpose. Should the Grand Lodge cease its functions, the building would pass into the hands of the Puerto Rican government, which could only use it for charitable or educational purposes. Fortunately, none of these stipulations have ever needed to be enforced, as the Grand Lodge, a non-profit organization, has continued to function as a community study center and promoter of the philosophical positions of the Spiritualist Doctrine from its founding to the present. The building has been preserved with structural integrity, serving as an enduring symbol of Puerto Rico's social and cultural history in the 20th Century.

Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria - Lajas - 2011 00001

Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria - Lajas - 2011 00001



Front view of the Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria located in the coastal town of Lajas. It is presided by the Juan Ramírez Ortíz square, where you can see concrete benches, light poles and a low fence modulated by square pillars crowned with spherical finishes. The church has one floor and characteristics of the Neoclassic and Baroque styles. The roof is a gable roof and the front facade is decorated with continuous moldings, cornices, stained glasses framed with moldings and a staggered frieze. It also has a small portico supported by two pairs of Corinthian Order columns flanked by a semicircular arch. The portico also has the roof covered with roofing tiles and a double wooden and glass door crowned with a transom, also made of wood and glass. Besides that, there are two belfry twin towers that flank the facade. The towers share the characteristics from the rest of the facade and have the hipped roof covered by roofing tiles. On the lower right corner you can distinguish a digital inscription that says: "29/10/2011". The Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria parish in Lajas dates from 1884, it was made of masonry with roofing tiles roof. Subsequently, in 1897, it was inaugurated another one in masonry and with a roof made of corrugated metal sheets, being renovated in 1918. Years later, it was rebuilt, it was added a tower and the roof was substituted by one made of concrete. It was in 2003 when they finally added the other tower.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Perspective of the Antonio S. Pedreira building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The first story of the building displays square windows at ground level, followed by other windows with horizontal louvered shutters integrated into a keyed blind arcade. The highest level shows paired rectangular openings. At least a couple of these openings incorporate horizontal louver windows, an ornate parapet, corbels, and a roof. The upper edge of the building features a cornice and brick tiles. In the background, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower stands out, exhibiting clocks on its different faces, low relief motifs, cornices, ornamental bands, battlements, openings, semicircular arches, balustrades, moldings, brick tiles, and a pinnacle. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Buildings at the Tanca Street of the Old San Juan

Buildings at the Tanca Street of the Old San Juan



Frontal view of the Tanca street and the buildings that are on its surroundings. You can observe that the street is paved with two different materials, part of it with paving stones and the other with asphalt. There is a white building in front that reflects influences of the architectonic style known as Second Empire. It has roofs with attic, cornices and dormer windows. The building accommodated during the beginning of 1900 the companies Plazuela Sugar Company and the C.O. Lord & Company. The last years that was in use, it was a First Bank branch. Next to it there are two buildings of a smaller size. One is painted with the colors gray and green, it has a balcony and two balconets with metal railings and wooden door. The other is painted with green, has arches and wooden doors on the first floor and an extense balcony with metal railings and rectangular doors with lattice on the second floor. At the lower part to the right you can see the building Ochoa, known originally as J. Ochoa y Hermano, that was built in 1924. It has cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, an establishment sign with yellow color that says: "Western Union", arches on the first floor facade and mosaic ornaments on the pilasters capitals. To the left side you can see the building Antiguo Correo and Corte Federal José V. Toledo, that has the architectonic influence of the styles Beaux-arts and Federal. Is painted cream color, has a roof with terracotta roofing tiles and its walls finishes with bossage, grilles, railings and green curtains. Around it you can see people conglomerating at the building's entrance, moving cars and some parked, wide sidewalks, light poles, power lines, a flagpole, establishment signs, benches to sit down, trees and bushes.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the spiral staircase in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico lobby, located on the grounds of Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The modern-designed staircase, situated in a wide space with large windows, is the focal point of the main lobby. The steps are made of white marble with a railing of vertical metal bars and a dark wood handrail. The surrounding area features a glass wall that allows natural light to enter and offers an exterior view with trees, buildings, and a reflecting pond on the first level. The interior floor is covered with terrazzo tiles with a polished finish, and a smooth ceiling with a minimalist-designed suspended lamp is observed. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Main facade of the Sixto Escobar Park, in the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. The building, built in 1932 and designed by architect Rafael Carmoega Morales, exhibits an architectural style influenced by the Spanish Renaissance. The terracotta tiles, semicircular arches, and square towers topped with hipped roofs, reminiscent of Moorish architecture in Spain, add an exotic air. Between the towers is a central volume with a series of semicircular arched windows, organized on an upper level. This central element is crowned by a lower roof supported by decorative corbels that provide a distinctive character. The main entrance is defined by a large semicircular arch that houses a metal gate. Flanking this entrance, there are decorative and functional panels that include signs and signage integrated into the facade's surface, painted gray, which contrasts with the red color of the tiles. The main volume is flanked by curved walls with vertical rectangular openings at the top. The park, opened in 1935 and named after Puerto Rico's first world boxing champion, was the largest of its kind in Puerto Rico until the 1960s. The surroundings include a public plaza with concrete pavement divided into geometric sections, surrounded by trees. In the center stands the statue of the boxer that was unveiled in March 2005. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Front facade of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete house with a Modernist/International architectural style. There is no evidence of plans or a known original construction date. In the foreground, a brick path and concrete steps lead to the house's main entrance. Next to the staircase is a decorative brick wall, and beside it, a large tropical plant dominates the view. Behind the plant, the entrance door and a wooden window with closed shutters can be partially seen. Toward the left side, a balcony is raised on thin metal columns extending into the ground. This platform has a gray wall and railing of a modern, horizontal design. The railing has vertical posts, providing security without obstructing views of the natural surroundings. Below the balcony is an open space with a brick and concrete floor. A double wooden door allows access to this lower area, which was initially used as a storage area for gardening equipment. The vegetation around the house is dense and varied, with overhanging trees creating a sense of privacy. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Main facade of the Teachers' Temple, also known as the Puerto Rico Teachers Association headquarters in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The concrete building is symmetrical, two-story, and features a metal roof. It maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, the facade combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the tradition of Beaux Arts design with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style and neoclassical details. The entrance portico, one of its most outstanding elements, features a Moorish-style arch and four Corinthian columns crowned by a cornice with ornate moldings surrounding a pediment decorated with four urns at its top. The rectangular building is arranged longitudinally across the lot, with the interior spaces arranged in an "H" shape. The ground floor rises seven steps above the ground level, with sets of rectangular triptych windows on both sides of the main entrance. A double doorway displays an ornate molding with a plaque above. The front corners are projected on this elevation and on the front, with the same window composition as the second floor, which features another false balcony. These projections have rectangular windows aligned on both levels with simpler molding details. The second level of the facade features a series of more elaborate windows with rounded arches framed in white molding, a sill, and brackets below. The rectangular windows are enhanced at the corner volumes with concrete false balcony details at the front and side windows. This level was used as an auditorium for large meetings, assemblies, cultural activities, or artistic presentations. The elaborate central portico protrudes further from the rectangle to create an imposing entrance space that spans both levels and contributes a Moorish element. Two sets of Corinthian columns support the second-floor portico section with the central multi-line arch. Pilasters of the same design complete the entrance portico, with elaborate relief motifs adorning the friezes and the cornices above the column capitals. All of the structure's doors and windows are blocked by wooden panels, suggesting a state of neglect. A molding of ovoids and darts crowns the ceiling frieze, and above it, the relief design is topped by a set of urns at the corners and a leaf design in the center surrounding a bronze medallion with the logo of the "Tribunal General de Justicia," which is of a later date. A lamppost is also seen at each end of the steps. A fence with several signs, a sidewalk, and a parking area for several cars surrounds the building. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Road Mender’s Hut #1 Guaynabo

Road Mender’s Hut #1 Guaynabo



Oblique view of the Road Menders Hut #1 located on PR-1 Highway 22.7 in Guaynabo. The so-called Road Menders or Road Workers' Huts, built in the late 19th Century along the Carretera Central, served as workshops and residences for government workers in charge of its maintenance. Historical documents reveal that thirty-three huts were built, but by 2019, only seventeen remained standing, concentrated mainly in the island's Central Mountain range. Although their historical function has changed, the huts remain a recognizable resource thanks to their iconic and repetitive architectural style. The Hut #1 is visible, built with masonry and red brick details in the Colonial Neoclassical style. It has a compact, rectangular design, with a decorative cornice running around the entire upper perimeter. The windows and doors are framed with red brick moldings, and the windows feature metal shutters and fixed lattices above them. Over the windows and door of the main facade are sloping awnings of the same red color. The main entrance is protected by a metal fence and flanked by gardens that form part of the facade. A low wall and a fence delineate the grounds, with a white metal gate on each side. On the right side of the building is an open area with a blue awning. The surrounding area includes trees and plants surrounding the site. Electrical cables and utility poles can be seen in front of the building, which is located next to the paved street. The Central Highway, with its historic layout built between 1846 and 1886, is a 134-kilometer-long stretch of paved road that crosses Puerto Rico from north to south, connecting the northern capital of the island, San Juan, with the southern city of Ponce. Also known as the Military Highway, it winds through some of the most challenging terrain in the high Central Mountain range. Along its length, the Central Highway connects San Juan with the municipalities of Caguas, Cayey, Aibonito, Coamo, Juana Díaz, and Ponce. Manuel López Bayo, Enrique Gadea, Manuel Maese, Timoteo Lubelza, and Raimundo Camprubí were the engineers responsible for this monumental project. In addition to the Road Menders' Huts, the highway features historic bridges and culverts. All the huts built along the San Juan-Caguas section were single-family homes, while the others were divided into two similar houses under one roof, separated by a central corridor, with a living room and two bedrooms on each side. The roof was made of brick slabs over wooden beams, with a mortar floor in the central corridor and pine wood throughout the rest of the building. A small building was generally added to the rear of the house, which served as a latrine, stable, or to store road workers' equipment. Hut #1 in Guaynabo is the only surviving single-family unit and is now a private home. The others are still used as public resources managed by state or municipal government agencies. But together, they all remain a fundamental component contributing to the Central Highway's historical importance.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Oblique view of a pedestrian alley in the Old San Juan Historic District. A sloping street is seen, with adjacent buildings displaying Colonial and Neoclassical architectural characteristics. On the left, the first building is distinguished by a design that combines white masonry walls and wood details. On the upper floor, a covered balcony with a sloping wood roof and tiles is supported by thin wooden columns. The balcony has a railing made of turned wooden balusters. The lower floor has openings with semicircular arches and wooden doors with wrought iron bars. On the roof, there is an area closed with metal mesh. The central building, painted green with white details, presents a style characteristic of urban colonial constructions. The ground floor includes three openings with semicircular arches framed with white moldings that stand out against the wall. These openings are protected with metal grilles with a curved design, which provides ventilation and security. The cornice is decorated with simple linear moldings that visually separate the levels. The upper facade includes a small visible terrace. To the right, the building has a red-painted facade, with white detailing outlining the moldings and edges of the openings. A prominent feature is a large ground-floor window framed by straight white moldings and protected by a vertically placed wooden balustrade. The base of the window includes a slightly protruding brick sill. Above the window, a colonial-style wall lamp hangs from a wrought-iron bracket with curved ornamentation. The facades are complemented by elements such as potted plants and traditional building details that reinforce the historical and cultural character of the street. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00018

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00018



A detail of the main facade of the house Marcos Juan Alegría, located in Dorado. The house is made of matched lumber and presents shades of yellow that alternates with white and gray. The window is double with louvers, panels, transom window with turned bars made of wood and an appentice. Additionally, you can see a column that is part of the roof support from the porch. The roof presents several sections of gable roof and on both gables it shows a small window with circular shape and another one with rectangular shape articulated by louvers. These gables also are covered with a type of mesh. On the eave there is a gutter. Next to the house Marcos Juan Alegría there is another residence made of concrete with awnings and windows with horizontal lamas made of aluminum like persiennes. The house Marcos Juan Alegría was built in 1914 as home of don Juan Alegría and Mrs. Elisa Valles, whom raised there their children Cruz and Marcos Juan. They lived there for decades until the house was inherit by Cruz, the oldest child. After his death, it was inherit by Marcos Juan, so-called as don Tito. In the decade of the nineties, Marcos Juan sold his property to the government of the municipality, who was in charge of restoring it and turn it into the Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría, that opened in 1998. The house, in addition, constitutes a characteristic example of the type of architecture used in the residences at the beginning of the XX century.

Parish San Antonio de Padua - Barranquitas - 2007

Parish San Antonio de Padua - Barranquitas - 2007



Front view of the Parish San Antonio de Padua in the town of Barranquitas. At the foreground it can be seen the square Bicentenaria Monseñor Miguel Ángel Mendoza decorated with iron benches, landscape ares and light poles. Crossing the street, where there are several vehicles, is near the parish made with masonry with balustrade interrupted by a metallic grille and stairs. The parish has two levels with an eclectic design inspired in the styles Spanish Revival, Art Deco and Neoclassic. The front facade is painted white with light green details, decorated with a double door made of wood framed and flanked by pilasters. Above the door there is a niche secured with a bracket with a statue of Saint Anthony of Padua that is under a glass window with a semicircular arch framed and flanked by pilasters. The facade also has glass windows, a framed oculus and a curvilinear pediment crowned with a cross. Additionally, from the building it stick out a belfry decorated with finishes, cornices, moldings crowned with roofing tiles and a cross. The Parish San Antonio de Padua was built for the first time in 1792, nonetheless, it had to be rebuilt in four times after being destroyed by several hurricanes. In the decade of 1930 the building also was used as academia, in addition, had a cinema for the students and subsequently it was open to the general public; remaining in use until the decade of 1970. Finally, in 1933 was rebuilt with the current design and restored in the decade of 1980.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Exterior archway of the Román Baldorioty de Castro building of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The semicircular arches are supported by columns displaying capitals with crowns of acanthus leaves and volutes. This archway extends parallel to a hallway on the left wing of the building. Some windows with horizontal blind-type slats are seen through the arches. The top of the building shows a cornice and brick tiles. Under the archway, two drains and a section of another semicircular arch are visible. In the background, a window with a threshold and a molding stands out. Protruding above the window are two cornices and a parapet with two pinnacles. This building is part of the Quadrangle of the University of Puerto Rico and exhibits architectural elements of the Plateresque style representative of the Hispanic tradition. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Following the Plateresque architectural design, the complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Exterior view of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico library, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a modern two-story building with a functional design. The main facade is composed of large windows with horizontal blinds. The main entrance has a covered access with a rectangular portico, supported by simple columns that frame a glass door. Above the access, letters indicate the function of the building as: "Biblioteca." The building is painted yellow, and the exterior walls are smooth, without ornamentation, following a minimalist style. In front, a concrete path with circular inlays leads to the entrance, flanked by gardens with grass and symmetrically distributed trees. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00001

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00001



Banco Popular of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1939, designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley, and built by the engineers José Benítez y Gautier, Manuel Miró y Saudí, and Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo. The bank was built where the Banco Territorial y Agrícola of Puerto Rico was originally located during the 19th century. The building is representative of the Art Deco architectural style. It is painted cream, white, and green. It has a curved facade with rectangular glass windows, metal frames, and overhangs at the top. It also has a row of square windows with metal frames. The main entrance has twelve bas-reliefs with stained-glass windows and four images of human figures interspersed, repeating each one three times. There is an inscription in Spanish in the center that reads, "Dedicated to the service of Puerto Rico. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico". There are also high reliefs with two eagle figures above the entrance. Carli's Fine Bistro and Piano restaurant can be seen next to the building. It has glass double-leaf doors with metal frames, tables, and white chairs in front of them. There are automobiles and shrubs in front of the building. The Finlay building is on the left side of the image, located on the site of the former Citibank building and later home to the Old Harbor Brewery. This building is painted cream and white. It has moldings, parapets, cornices, dentils, window openings, and pilasters.

Martín Peña Bridge - 08000856

Martín Peña Bridge - 08000856



Side view of the Martín Peña Bridge, "Aurora" version from 1910, in San Juan. This masonry bridge with nine arches separated by pillars with robust bases was designed by the Spanish military engineer Santiago Cortijo, displaying elements of the Colonial and Neoclassical styles. It was built in 1846 and was part of the Carretera Central, the only major road connecting San Juan with the southern coastal port of Ponce. The top of the bridge is flat and has a low railing. The surroundings include the canal in the foreground, two buildings to the right, and mountains in the distance. The Martín Peña Canal was an important crossing between Río Piedras and Santurce since the city of San Juan was founded. Historic records confirm that the name comes from the owner of a boat company that moved goods between the port of the San Juan Islet and the town of Caparra in the 16th Century. In 1784, a masonry bridge designed by Spanish military engineer Francisco Mestre replaced the first wooden bridge built in 1568. It remained in use until 1797, when it was partially destroyed during the British siege of San Juan. In 1846, it was replaced with the Aurora Bridge. In the 20th Century, the frequent use of that road, population growth, and the introduction of the automobile on the island led to the Aurora Bridge being replaced with the current concrete Martín Peña Bridge, considered one of the most elegant Art Deco bridges in Puerto Rico. The Martin Peña Bridge was designed by architects Cecilio Delgado and Francisco Fortuño, and built in 1939 by Puerto Rican engineer Raúl Gaya Benejam using funds appropriated by the United States Congress.

Villa Caparra PR-19 Intersection PR-2 No. 251 - Guaynabo - 2011 00084

Villa Caparra PR-19 Intersection PR-2 No. 251 - Guaynabo - 2011 00084



Area of the terrace of Villa Caparra, located in Guaynabo at the intersection of the roads Puerto Rico 19 and Puerto Rico 2. The terrace is delimited by a parapet that integrates ornamental blocks with geometric motifs. Behind it stand out the the gallery or loggia characterized by the integral terrazzo columns with panels made of geometric motif mosaics. that support the semicircular arches. They at the same time integrate geometric motif grilles. Through the arches you can observe the inner courtyard and its fountain. The Spanish glass roofing tiles cover the eave with brackets and parts of the roof. In the center it stick out the tower with a similar parapet to the one from the terrace, columns with panels made with mosaics, semicircular arches and a hipped roof with Spanish glass tiles. The dentils with mascarons present under the roofing tiles of some sections of the residence and in the tower. On one end , it is also visible part of the main door alfiz and one of the coat of arms with symbol of a castle and a bright star, representative of the De Castro family. Above the alfiz there is also three windows with stained glass that show the bright star motif. The walls of this residence are painted white, have stucco texture and present deterioration signs with stains, as well as inscriptions like graffiti. On another end from the rear area is partially notable a building like condominium. Between 1925 and 1927, began the construction of Villa Caparra. The architect design it for himself using architectural elements from the Spanish Revival and Mudejar styles. This residence is considered an architectonic work that provides guidelines to the "revival" of the Spanish Revival in the work of the architect and his new idea of the architecture from the 1930s.

Rosaly Batiz Residence - 86002768

Rosaly Batiz Residence - 86002768



Main and side facade of the Rosaly-Batiz Residence, also known as Batiz Residence, located on the corner of Villa and Méndez Vigo Streets in the town of Ponce. This two-story residence is made of stuccoed brick and stone. Its main facade has rustic quoins and a loggia, or veranda, formed by segmental arches, Doric columns, and balustrades. The main entrance is defined by a semicircular arch flanked by pilasters and rustic columns. A cantilevered course accentuates the second level, featuring a balcony with a wrought iron railing and ornamental patterns. Iron trellises support the roof of the balcony. The rustic openings on the second level are shaped like a segmental arch and integrate louver panels. The side facade is divided by rustic pilasters, and between them, several windows are framed with semicircular arches, segmental keystones, and louver panels. The top edge of the building displays an Italianate cornice and corbels. Several traffic signs, a couple of taxis, poles, and a hydrant are on the sidewalk that surrounds the residence. The Rosaly-Batiz Residence, built in 1897 by Ponce's engineer Manuel V. Domenech Ferrer for the then mayor of the city, Don Pedro Juan Rosaly, is representative of the mannerism architectural style and the tendencies of the Ponce aristocracy before the Great Depression. The property was acquired in 1920 by Antonio Batiz Olivera, a wealthy coffee plantation owner, who used it as his urban residence, where he held his parties, concerts, and intellectual gatherings.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



View of the south facade of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and the gabled roof. The facade is organized into three sections, presenting a symmetrical design with balanced proportions. The central section of the first level has a double entrance door made of mahogany wood with fixed glass panels. The entrance portico, which forms part of the balcony, features partially fluted Corinthian columns on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade surrounding the balcony, and a series of steps providing interior access. Although partially hidden by the balcony's hanging curtains, the other two sections of the facade on either side of the main door have windows framed by concrete molding, a lower cornice, and lintels. The walls are covered with smooth plaster. The second-level facade features another balcony that protrudes slightly toward the front of the building. A closed double door can be seen, surmounted by keystone concrete lintels and framed by quoined pilasters on either side, creating a high-relief effect. A rectangular glass window with geometric designs is on either side of the door. The third floor, the attic, is characterized by a small balcony surmounted by a wooden pediment, a double door, and narrow single-pane glass windows on either side of the door. From this balcony, one can see the low roof of the second level, covered with a weather-resistant bituminous cardboard membrane simulating wooden shingles. A weather vane or ornament crowns the upper part of the attic. The Victorian-style gabled roofs of La Giralda combine the classical pediment element, which is present in many Neoclassical buildings. The original roof was composed of wooden trusses covered by zinc panels, but it was reconstructed. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. A low wall with concrete pillars in front of the house divides the garden area from the street. In the background, several buildings, trees, and palm groves can be seen. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its place and time design. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to the population growth of San Juan in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated into an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation that connected the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and durable construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the triangular room in quarters of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, located in La Puntilla area, San Juan. This space exhibits pillars, a semicircular arch, and wooden beams on the ceiling. The surfaces are covered with plaster, and the blocks and bricks are exposed in some parts. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the Old Arsenal integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Teatro Victoria - Humacao - 2012 00007

Teatro Victoria - Humacao - 2012 00007



Teatro Victoria in Humacao. Corner view of the three story building with Beaux-Arts style. The main facade has flat arches on the first level. On the second and third floor there are four semicircular arches with balconies on both levels. The balconies from the second level has flat balustrades, while the ones from the third floor stick out in a semicircular shape. The wall has bossage on the two far ends. On this space there are flat arches with parapets on the second and third floor, the ones from the third floor have appentices. The facade has a parapet with balustrade and a quadrangular pediment that says: "Teatro Victoria". You can see a section of one of the lateral facades that has a flat arch on each floor, this wall section is divided from the rest by a strip pilaster. The building is painted red and pink with balconies and white bossage. The whole facade was transformed into a mural, the first floor shows two establishments in with tables and chairs. On the second and third floor, each balcony has a painting of a character in an artistic manifestation, including a painting of Carlos Gardel. Next to the building there is a police patrol from the municipality. The Teatro Victoria was inaugurated in 1928, it was used as movie theatre, then it was closed in 1964. Subsequently, it became headquarters of several outbuildings of the Colegio Regional de Humacao de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Then, the first floor was occupied by the Me Salvé store.

Building of the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo Viewed from the San Juan Bay

Building of the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo Viewed from the San Juan Bay



View of the San Juan Bay and four buildings that are known are (left to right): (1) San Juan Customs, (2) Popular Bank of Puerto Rico, (3) Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo and (4) Ochoa building. You can observe that the building that is at the center is the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo, which it has the influence of several architectonic movements like the Beaux-arts, the Federal style and the Spanish Renaissance. Is built with cement and limestone, it has cream and gray colors, part of its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and another part has a tower aspect with roof extensions with the shape of lantern. Its doors and windows are formed by voussoirs covered with green grilles. The building to the right is known was the Ochoa building. This building has cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, arches at the first floor facade and mosaic ornaments on the capitals of each pilaster. You can observe several antennas on its rooftop. To the left you can see the upright building of the Puerto Rico Popular Bank that has the architectonic influence of Art Deco. Is painted with white color and it has yellow stripes between the wall sections on each window. There is a tower that stick out from its rooftop and has some letters forming the name of the building with an analog clock that marks the time. Further to the far left end you can perceive the San Juan Customs building that is painted with pink color and it has the influence of the architectonic style of Neo Spanish Colonial. Is built with reinforced concrete and it has architectonic elements like pinnacles, crestings, arches and columns extensively decorated and ornamented with mustard color, green, white, red and blue. It has an entrance gate that is supported by two columns with pink color and at the top has finishes with spherical shapes with white color. Additionally, you can observe that in the surroundings there are trees, bushes, palm trees, automobiles, people, power lines, a ship, sidewalks, cobblestoned streets and the pier that is in front of the bay.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Close-up view of the sentry box attached to the crenelated parapet of the Santa Barbara bastion at the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. The sentry box is distinguished by a base with a lamp, cord, and plinth, ashlars and rectangular windows in the body, and a crown with a cornice, dome, and spherical ornament. The Atlantic Ocean can be seen in the background. The sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of the sentry boxes in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th Century. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249



View of the main entrance to the San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery in Ponce, representative of funerary architecture of the early 20th Century. This entrance is accentuated by an iron gate flanked by two masonry pillars. Behind the entrance, mausoleums stand out with ornamentation, window grilles, parapets, pinnacles, and Neoclassical details such as the dome. In the center, the pantheon of the priests of the order of San Vicente de Paúl stands out, characterized by a baroque-style canopy that protects the altar and the tomb. At one end of the street leading to the cemetery, a sidewalk and a fence topped with ironwork and interrupted by a gate leading to a house with a decorative grille are notable. The San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery was erected, blessed, and administered by the Vincentian Fathers for the exclusive use of the wealthy Catholic residents of Ponce and opened to the public in 1901. The layout follows the Spanish tradition of having two main axes forming a cross. Its tombs and mausoleums span varied architectural styles typical of the Spanish Classical Revival through Art Deco. These display sculptures in marble, granite, and pink Ponce stone, interspersed with less sophisticated funerary monuments designed by unknown local craftsmen. The cemetery also exhibits a group of niches built below ground level, thus giving the effect of catacombs. Many were abandoned or moved to the Ponce Civil Cemetery due to the high cost of maintenance and strict regulations set by the administration.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Foreground view of the San Juan de la Cruz Fort at the entrance of San Juan Bay and, in the background, the San Felipe del Morro Castle, located in the Old San Juan Historic District. These two historic buildings are examples of colonial military architecture. The San Juan de la Cruz Fort, also known as the Cañuelo Fort, was originally completely isolated, surrounded by water, and designed to support the cannons of the Castle on the other side of the bay. It was built between 1608 and 1610 with stone masonry in thick, high walls designed to resist attacks. It has straight lines and rounded corners, typical of the fortifications of the time, which facilitates defense and minimizes the impact of projectiles. A cylindrical sentry box serves as an observation point in one of the corners. During the Dutch attack in 1625, the Fort was burned and rebuilt with masonry, but it eventually became obsolete. It was not until the early 19th Century that, due to its isolated location, it became an ideal place to quarantine residents with infectious diseases, such as leprosy and cholera, which were so affecting the population of San Juan. In 1943, the United States Corps of Engineers dredged the entrance to San Juan Bay to allow entry to large warships and submarines, and the material extracted from the bottom was used to fill and connect El Cañuelo with another small nearby island called Isla de Cabras, creating an artificial peninsula. To the left of the foreground, you can see the rocky terrain of that peninsula. On the other side, in the background, is the San Felipe del Morro Castle, a six-level fortification built under the Spanish colonial regime beginning in 1539 and strategically located between the Atlantic Ocean and the San Juan Bay. The sloping sandstone walls, designed in an asymmetrical plan, adapt to the natural terrain and stand out. The visible elements reflect a utilitarian design, built to blend into the geographic surroundings and ensure protection from maritime attack. Its last major remodeling took place during the 1780s when it was transformed from a medieval tower into a masonry fortress with thick walls capable of withstanding the impact of cannonballs. Additional extensions carried out in the late 19th Century and during World War I and II were made of concrete. The upper level holds an early 20th-century brick lighthouse incorporated into a mid-19th-century building. A passenger cruise ship can be seen entering San Juan Bay behind the fort. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Perspective of the south facade of the Puerto Rican Athenaeum, located in the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. The building features a style influenced by the Moorish Revival and Art Deco, which is visible in the design of the arches and decorative ornaments. The main facade is organized symmetrically, with a central body highlighted by a series of lobed semicircular arches, aligned on the upper level. Each arch is framed with geometric motifs and decorative tiles that provide ornamental details. Below this section is a central portico with a semicircular arched entrance, decorated at the top with intricate mosaics that include colorful geometric patterns. This portico is flanked by square-based pilasters that support a small entablature. On both sides of the portico are bas-relief plaster sculptures containing figurative representations. The ends of the facade are marked by projecting vertical volumes with elongated rectangular windows framed with simple moldings. The roof has red Colonial-style tiles, with a prominent eave supported by simple corbels. At the upper right corner is a torch-shaped light arm. The main entrance to the building is defined by a wide staircase that leads to an elevated platform flanked by lighting poles. Landscaped areas and small decorative iron elements on the sides of the building complement the design. The Puerto Rican Athenaeum, the oldest cultural institution in Puerto Rico, was the closest thing Puerto Rico had to a university in the 19th Century. The institution, dedicated to promoting science, literature, and fine arts, was founded in 1876. Construction of the building began in 1922 using the design of the Puerto Rican architect Francisco Roldán Martinó, and the ceremony of laying the first stone of the building took place on May 27, 1923. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

First Baptist Church of Caguas - 2013 00007

First Baptist Church of Caguas - 2013 00007



View of the building of the first baptist church of Caguas, currently known as the Centro Musical Criollo José Ignacio Quintón. The building has two levels made of masonry and its style is eclectic since it combines elements of the Romanesque and Gothic architecture. At the foreground, it can be seen an open metallic grille and power line poles. Besides that, the front facade of the building is presided by a portico with gable roof secured by brackets and covered by roofing tiles. There is an inscription in relief that says: "Centro musical criollo José Ignacio Quintón" (Creole music center José Ignacio Quintón) that crowns the entrance arch in the portico. The rest of the facade is decorated with wooden windows with persiennes under semicircular arches crowned with entablatures and sunrise transoms made of wood and glass. Also, it can be seen a pediment with continuous cornices and an oculus with stained glass framed with moldings. Additionally, from the building it stick out an octagonal belfry tower decorated with cornices, openings covered by metallic grilles, a vertical stained glass, two balconies with a wooden door framed with moldings. some railings secured by brackets and crowning the tower, a capital and roofing tiles. In the surroundings it can be observed adjacent buildings and vehicles parked on the street. The old first baptist church of Caguas was the first from this denomination, built in 1908. After being in use for several years, it was moved to another building, so the government of the municipality acquired the building to restore it. Since its renovation, it was converted in a museum of the music named Centro Musical Criollo José Ignacio Quintón. Additionally, it is the headquarters of several municipal musical groups.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of the ruins of the gate and wall of the entrance to the cemetery at the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The construction is made of brick and stone masonry, representing 18th-century Spanish Colonial style elements. Oral history indicates that this space, between the wall and the Hermitage, was used for burials. The cornerstone of the gate's brick arch has been lost, but its two columns can still be seen. In the rear, a line of trees borders the remains of the Bayamón River meander (pre-channelization). The walls show cracks, loose material, and vegetation growing over the building. The roof has completely collapsed, exposing the internal structure of the walls. In the back left corner of the image, a small building with signs of deterioration can also be seen. It was built in the 20th Century when the property became a dairy farm. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the San Felipe del Morro Castle from the San Juan Bay. From this angle, the floating battery, the crenelated parapet of the wall, the ramp, the semicircular openings of the fort, and the lantern of the lighthouse are visible. This fortification was built under the Spanish colonial regime beginning in 1539 and consists of six levels facing the Atlantic Ocean. Its strategic location delimits the entrance to San Juan Bay, one of the most prominent ports in the Caribbean. It was built essentially with locally quarried sandstone walls, brick vaults, pillars, sand and earth filling between the shelves of the walls, and all exposed surfaces, inside and out, were originally plaster. Its last major remodeling took place during the 1780s when it was transformed from a medieval tower into a thick-walled masonry fortress capable of withstanding the impact of cannonballs. Additional extensions carried out in the late 19th Century and during World War I and II were made of concrete. The upper level holds an early 20th-century brick lighthouse built into a mid-19th-century building. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289



Low-angle view of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The bridge is a single-span, two-lane, Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge resting on concrete abutments and crossing the Río Grande de Loíza. In the foreground, the bridge can be seen with triangular truss patterns and a metal railing along its length, while leafy trees and lampposts are in the background. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Highways and Transportation Authority proposed demolishing the bridge, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historical monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002-2004 restoration project. The missing steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801-2001). Although the integrity of the surroundings was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and access spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the building that houses the Administrative Offices at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The two-story concrete building, located next to the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, was built in 1939. From 1990 to 1992, a major renovation project at the park included the addition of a rooftop café. The original design had a rustic, wood-effect structure inspired by furniture previously designed by the sculptor Victor Cott, but it was never carried out. The current building features modernist influences and colonial elements. The main facade comprises smooth, cream-painted concrete walls with no visible decorative ornamentation. Six semicircular arches on the ground floor stand out, forming a gallery with a specific classical character and colonial style. Above the arches is an open terrace protected by a metal railing with gray perforated panels. At the top of the building, a hipped roof with a series of cantilevered metal pergolas can be seen. Orange decorative details accentuate the upper part of the facade. On the left side, the main entrance has a small decorative eave with clean, minimalist lines and a parapet. A small round wooden window on the right side adds a traditional touch, accentuating the colonial influence. In front of the building is a freight car on a floor paved with irregular stones and a perimeter of square granite tiles. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Detail of the main building's entrance arch at the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. A blue lobed arch can be seen above the barred entrance door, contrasting with the yellow color of the wall. Inside the arch, a relief of the Coat of Arms of Puerto Rico stands out. It has elements such as a quartered cross, lions, flags, and a lamb lying on a red book. Around the shield, there is a Latin inscription that reads: "Joannes Est Nomen Ejus." The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Renaissance style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the premises, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings constructed of reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of modernity and progress in Puerto Rico.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of Nuestra Señora de la Providencia Nursing Home, also known as Homeless Nursing Home, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. In the foreground is a square-based tower with an open upper level with pointed arches supported by slender columns and a railing. The roof is decorated with a balustrade that runs the length of the building, supplemented by small finials in the form of pinnacles. At the entrance on the first level, another tower stands out, culminating in a conical spire with an ornamental design, topped by a cross at the top. The tower has multiple levels with pointed arches supported on columns that define each floor. The building is multi-level and extends along the street. The facade is marked by rectangular windows with frames, an ornamental frieze, and cornices with moldings and decorative finials at the corners and the roof. Some windows are vertical and elongated. The building is enclosed by a low fence with balustrades separating it from the sidewalk. The Asylum began around 1890 when the Sisters of the Homeless Ederly built a modest one-story wooden shelter. Starting in 1913, the construction of the existing building began with architects José Lázaro Costa and Enrique J Lázaro León and engineers Carlos E Lázaro García and Carlos A Lázaro León, including its expansion in the 1970s. The complex of buildings built over that period exhibits different styles. The exterior of the oldest one contains an eclectic combination of Neo-Mesopotamian and Gothic influences, while the chapel's interior contains creative Neo-Gothic elements. The reinforced concrete annex, which shows brise-soleil elements and was built later, represents the brutalist style design of the 1960s-1970s. Construction was completed in 1991. The chapel within the Asilo is one of the most distinguished ecclesiastical buildings in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the office building belonging to Pyramid Products Inc., located in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District's port zone in San Juan. The building is a one-story, reinforced concrete pyramid-shaped building used as the office of the nearby gasoline service station. The service station exhibited Moroccan architectural elements and was crowned with a dome. Years later, it was demolished and replaced with another building designed by the famous architect Henry Klumb. The pyramidal roof of these offices is a distinctive element that gives it a certain monumentality, but its condition is observed in complete deterioration. A rectangular vertical volume stands out on each facade and roof, with a large window for ventilation and natural lighting. The first level has horizontal slatted windows, protected by vertical iron bars, on each side of the facades. Additional details, such as light poles, metal fences, and cars, can be seen on the perimeter. Beginning with the construction of the first formal dock in the port of San Juan in 1900, oil tanks and storage sheds began to be installed around it, making it the main Caribbean commercial center for American companies and the military. The commercial growth in that area simultaneously caused increased construction and new architectural typologies. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Side section view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, as seen from the Miramar area in the municipality of San Juan. The bridge, built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replaced the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. This section features concrete pillars and six elliptical arches evenly distributed along the bridge's length. Each arch rests on rectangular pillars partially submerged in water, showing signs of wear and erosion. A parapet extends along the bridge with a simple design and horizontal lines interrupted by small rectangular moldings. The concrete parapet has vertical and horizontal moldings that integrate into the design. In the background, the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, and designed by Rafael Carmoega, can be seen. It shows concrete railings with iron grilles, and modern lighting poles along its entire length. On the front can be seen vegetation and irregular stones that act as a natural reinforcement against erosion. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original railway network in San Juan.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110



Oblique view of the west and south elevations of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The hotel's composition displays multiple symmetries that propose balanced solutions to space distribution. Balconies and galleries serve as intermediate transition points, allowing for simultaneous exploration of interior and exterior spaces. In keeping with the distinctive Spanish style, the builders employed ceramic tiles on the sloping roof, arched openings on the first two levels, wood-framed glass windows on the upper three levels, terrazzo floors, hydraulic tile, and ceramic mosaic. In 2002, the hotel was rebuilt according to the original plans, with the hipped ceramic tile roof modified and extended beyond the building's facade. The two feet of overhanging eaves allow for the cap molding detailing of the support beams. The ceramic tile roof, previously supported by wooden beams, was replaced with a metal base supported by a concrete slab that also serves as the upper ceiling of the fifth floor. The first level features semicircular arches forming an open portico leading to a corridor with a simple balustrade. These arches rest on square columns with no visible ornamentation. Rectangular windows are evenly distributed on the second and third levels. On the upper levels, horizontal moldings divide the floors. Ornamental details, visible above some windows, include moldings and relief decorations, such as pediments and cornices framing certain openings. Two more elaborate moldings stand out at the corners of the facade, such as pilasters and pediments, on the second and third-floor windows. Simple ornamentation in the form of a coat of arms can be seen in the central portion of the facade. Several urban elements can be seen in the immediate surroundings of the building, such as modern lampposts and a few unbranched palm trees. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

 Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium - 13001118

Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium - 13001118



View from the stands of Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium, located in the western sector of Hato Rey, in the municipality of San Juan. This monumental concrete and steel building was designed by architects Orval E. Sifontes and Alexander Papesh of the local firm Pedro A. Miranda y Asociados and inaugurated on October 24, 1962. The stadium and the bronze statue at the entrance are dedicated to Hiram G. Bithorn, the first Puerto Rican baseball player to join the American Major Leagues in the 1940s. The architectural design of the horseshoe-shaped stands, with a capacity for almost 20,000 people, is undoubtedly the stadium's distinctive feature. The rows of prefabricated seats in different colors are arranged in a fan-like pattern, widening towards the rear of the stadium, on a precast concrete platform. Several T-shaped concrete columns anchored longitudinally to the concrete foundation provide the primary support for the upper and lower platforms and the roof. These support elements unify the entire structure structurally and aesthetically. The stadium's roof is unique in shape and construction material, as no other baseball park in Puerto Rico has a concrete roof. The accordion-like shape of the roof is formed by a rhythmic sequence of hyperbolic parabolic concrete slabs, with peaks that taper downward at the side of the playing field and upward toward the stadium's exterior. To reduce their weight on the structure, the concrete roof slabs were designed to be very thin, only two and a half inches thick. To provide rigidity, a thicker rib was added to the front and back edges of the curved roof tile. The triangular roof elements that protrude outward protect spectators from the sun and rain and create a distinctive profile in the stadium's silhouette. It also features rectangular pendant speakers suspended by thin cables. Behind the seats, prefabricated and perforated walls that resemble the baseball diamond allow for cross-ventilation. The clubhouse, constructed of steel, concrete, and glass panels to house the press and VIP guests, is suspended from the ceiling above the stands, just behind the base, without interfering with the public view. The original light towers are mounted on the roof, with vertical metal elements ending in a rectangular frame and metal reflectors. To bring the light closer, the steel towers lean toward the playing field at the same angle as the elements supporting the weight of the grandstand. Tensioned cables are used to stabilize the towers. Maintenance personnel can be seen on the playing field. Advertising signs can also be seen in the lower sections and along the park's edge. The Hiram Bithorn Stadium was conceived as a multipurpose sports facility and has hosted major events in Puerto Rico. Its mid-20th-century modern design highlights the new architectural trends of that era and an elegant and austere composition that continues to serve Puerto Rico to the fullest.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Overview of the north side of the Santa Bárbara Bastion, the highest level known as "El Macho," and the Carmen and Tejeda Bastions from the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle, the crenelated parapet, the semicircular openings on the walls, the dome accentuating the spiral staircase entrance, a ramp, and a sentry box can be seen. On the highest level stands an observation tower with horizontal openings and a lighthouse lantern. Seen on the lower part of one of the walls is a person. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Interior view of the attic of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. The attic has a low ceiling and sharp angles that form a multi-level gabled roof, creating a visual effect of lines that guide the eye toward the center. It features a pendant light with several arms shaped like a concave cylinder. The walls are clad in smooth wood panels and feature symmetrically arranged wall lamps with a concave cylinder design. On the back wall is a double wooden door and two rectangular windows on each side. Outside the wall, there is a small balcony with a classical-style balustrade. On the left, a metal railing with vertical supports, horizontal cables, and a wooden handrail delimits a staircase. Several folding tables and chairs can be seen in this area. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its place and time design. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the facade of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a symmetrical and modern reinforced concrete building, with columns and beams that give it a sense of lightness. The windows with horizontal metal slats on the second level, the wide glass panels and wrought iron railings on the third, the low ceiling and dark walls of the first level, also emphasize the illusion of a floating and light building. The main entrance is centered, with a series of steps leading to the upper level. Above this level, there is a shallow dome, which contrasts with the predominant straight lines. On the sides and in the background, there are trees and well-maintained green areas. In the foreground, a metal fence with vertical bars delimits the space. In the background, two tall buildings can be seen. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Low-angle view of the south and west facades of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. Two facades are observed, each with symmetrical designs and balanced proportions that repeat architectural elements. The building is characterized by a prominent balcony on the second level and a balcony above. The entrance portico, which forms part of the balcony, features partially fluted Corinthian columns on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade surrounding it. This balustrade is repeated on the second level, delimiting the balcony, which protrudes slightly toward the front of the building. On the third level, a small balcony is supported by thinner columns, a pediment, and a gabled roof. Below the pediment, decorative diamond-shaped panels can be seen. It has double-hung wooden windows with ornate frames and is crowned by rectangular molding details, contributing to a symmetrical aesthetic. The Victorian-style gabled roofs of La Giralda combine the classical pediment element, which is present in many Neoclassical buildings. The original roof was composed of wooden trusses covered by zinc panels but was reconstructed. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. A series of wooden lattices can also be seen at regular intervals below the portico. Scaffolding is visible at the top and right of the building. In the foreground, a metal fence with spear-shaped bars and concrete pillars at the corners sits atop a low wall surrounding the property. Vehicles are also visible parked at the rear of the building. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its site and era. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an upscale residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most homes of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110



Detail of a window on the facade of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neocolonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. This type of opening on the third and fourth floors features elaborate details typical of the Plateresque architectural style: the ornamentation is integrated with the details of the windows above and below to appear as a single architectural element. Made of cast concrete, this ornamentation joining the windows presents the most elaborate detail of the entire facade. Below the third-floor opening is a frieze decorated with a shield flanked by dolphins and cherubs at the corners. Above it is a small shield adorned with pilasters and decorative moldings. Above the pilasters, capitals flanked by a frieze mark the dividing line between the ornate windows of the third and fourth floors. Above the frieze, a decorated cornice crowned by a ribboned shield completes the window decoration. It is painted in shades of white, highlighting the reliefs and moldings, contrasting with the window frames, painted in a dark green tone, adding visual depth to the design. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00019

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00019



Frontal view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three levels with a chamfered corner that works as main entrance. Is made of fortified concrete inspired by the Neoclassic style. The facade is divided in several sections. Horizontally it has two parts, the base and two superior levels. In the base, through the chamfered corner there is an entrance under a semicircular arch framed by continuous moldings. Besides that, the second level has rectangular doors openings with flat frames. The openings conduct to a semicircular balcony with balustrades secured by decorative brackets. The balcony is flanked by flutted pilasters secured by continuous cornices under which there is a series of relief lion heads. In the surroundings you can see more buildings with shades of pink, yellow and orange with different characteristics. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and Residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned to residences became comercial spaces.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the cornice and the battlement that adorn the old Spanish Navy’s Armory's ceiling in La Puntilla, San Juan. The cornice features a serrated design, while the battlement is distinguished by the repetition of stepped shapes that protrude from the roof. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Armory integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Martín Peña Bridge - 08000856

Martín Peña Bridge - 08000856



Side view of the Martín Peña Bridge, also known as Bridge No. 185, located between the Hato Rey and Santurce neighborhoods in the municipality of San Juan. Considered one of the most elegant Art Deco-style bridges in Puerto Rico, this bridge was built in 1939 using concrete beams. It was designed by Cecilio Delgado and Francisco Fortuño, two engineers from the Puerto Rico Department of the Interior, and built by Puerto Rican engineer Raúl Gaya Benejam using funds appropriated by the United States Congress. Its design encompasses geometric lines, cubic shapes, marine motifs, and ornamental panels (combining floral and natural motifs) on the pillars. Rectangular pillars mark the north and south ends of the bridge. The cubic shape is expressed in the four pillars defining the beginning and end on each side; it combines a rectangle, two smaller, stepped squares, topped by two pentagons, and a central lantern. Each pillar is decorated with three square ornamental panels facing the Martín Peña Canal. Its foundation is made of concrete, the substructure is made of steel and concrete, and the superstructure is made of bronze, glass, and concrete. On the canal banks, a man sits in an area with low vegetation. The Martín Peña Canal was an important crossing between Río Piedras and Santurce since the city of San Juan was founded. Historic records confirm that the name comes from the owner of a boat company that moved goods between the port of Isleta de San Juan and the town of Caparra in the 16th Century. In 1784, a masonry bridge designed by the Spanish military engineer Francisco Mestre replaced the first wooden bridge built in 1568. It remained in use until 1797, when it was partially destroyed during the British siege of San Juan. It wasn't until 1846, following the design of Spanish military engineer Santiago Cortijo, that it was replaced with a nine-arch masonry bridge called the Aurora, which became part of the Central Highway, the only major road connecting San Juan with the southern coastal port of Ponce. In the 20th Century, the frequent use of that highway, population growth, and the introduction of the automobile on the island led to replacing the Aurora with the current concrete bridge. Using stepped formwork, lanterns, and pillars with ornamental panels featuring geometric shapes and floral motifs on the Martín Peña Bridge gave it a degree of refinement, distinguishing it from other bridges built later in Puerto Rico. Over the years, heavy traffic, vandalism, environmental factors, and lack of maintenance caused the bridge to fall into disrepair, losing all its lanterns and some balustrades. Between 2002 and 2003, the Department of Transportation and Public Works and architects Blanquita Calzada and Carlos Amador drew up plans to restore the bridge's historic appearance. Numerous layers of lead-based paint were removed, deteriorated balustrades were repaired, and the electrical system and lanterns were replaced with modern, temporary lighting. The bridge opened on September 28, 2004.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Interior view of the transept and dome of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows walls with the loss of their stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. In the foreground, a semicircular arch constructed of masonry shows signs of deterioration, with parts of its cladding falling off, exposing the bricks in certain sections. The arch has a simple impost and shows signs of erosion. The dome, which rests on a squinch, has a small square opening on its north side, possibly for ventilation. The dome is 15 feet wide at its base and is not visible from the exterior due to the dense foliage growing on the building. During the 20th century, access from the nave, formerly used for storage, was blocked by a low concrete wall that partially collapsed. There are two corner niches on the north end wall. The interior access to the sacristy is blocked, and the only entrance is through a door outside. The surfaces are eroded and show moisture stains. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Graded School - 10001217

Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Graded School - 10001217



Interior hallway of the Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Community School's lobby in Santa Isabel. The school, built in 1906, is a notable example of 20th-century educational architecture on the island, combining Neoclassical elements with modern construction techniques. The main unit is a single-story, U-shaped structure made of brick masonry and reinforced concrete. A rectangular, reinforced concrete auditorium is attached to the east wing, forming a continuous volume. The image highlights an arched opening connecting the hallway to four reinforced concrete classrooms with access to an outdoor courtyard; several chairs line the hallway. On the left wall, shelves displaying trophies, decorations, and school posters can be seen. Two wooden doors on either side of the school are visible, with rectangular decorative friezes dividing the walls. Along the hallway, electrical wiring hangs from the arch and along the edges of the ceiling. In the background, an ornamental iron room divider. The floor is covered with small hydraulic tiles in a uniform geometric pattern. At the end of the hallway, another rectangular opening with ornamental wrought iron at the top leads to the outdoor courtyard adorned with potted plants and a security gate used to control access. The Dr. Martín G. Brumbaugh Community School represents the initial stage of the social project undertaken by the United States in Puerto Rico to promote education and economic well-being, combined with the political project of promoting American values ​​and the acculturation process of Puerto Rican society. It is also architecturally significant, as it exemplifies the harmonious combination of three distinctive construction periods, where the original construction technology and materials can still be appreciated. The Design Department of the Schools Division prepared the original plan, which was completed in 1906. In 1913, renowned architect and designer Blas Silva added four concrete classrooms and two restrooms. The drawings for this addition were signed by architect Adrian Finlayson, whose name is attached to many public buildings constructed during that period. The auditorium, designed by architect Francisco Porrata Doria, was built in 1932, consolidating the school's presence as an important civic center. Architecturally, the school stands out for its durability, the preservation of its original elements, and as a testament to the evolution of construction techniques in Puerto Rico.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of two retaining walls in the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, the central promenade, plaza, and north promenade were paved with granite, and this rectangular black granite fountain with a modern and minimalist design was also added. The walls are constructed of irregular stones arranged informally and are low in height, creating several levels of elevation between the walls. Behind the left wall are large trees, accompanied by dense shrubs and other green foliage. Under one tree are wooden benches arranged symmetrically around the walls. The right wall has built-in benches and shows signs of deterioration. In the background, there is a vertical sculpture with a modern design. The plants placed on the lawn display a landscape design, reinforcing the connection between the terrain and the wall elements. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00006

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00006



View from the cathedral San Felipe Apóstol in the costal city of Arecibo. At the foreground, you can see a crowned pedestal with an ornamental finish. To the right far end you can see an end of the building Oliver, that has three levels with characteristics of the Neoclassic style with fortified concrete. The lateral facade is divided in several sections. Horizontally, the building is divided in two parts, the base level and two superior levels. The second and third level have door openings and rectangular windows with flat frames. The openings conduct to a balcony with balustrades secured by decorative brackets. There are small balconies with rounded corners and balconies of two rectangular sections. Between the balconies there are flutted pilasters that support an entablature with ornamental frieze, continuous cornice and dentils. You can see a parapet with balustrade and roman amphorae crowning the building. Also, you can see an extension of the construction with a smaller size with glass doors crowned with amphorae. In the chamfered corner the parapet is interrupted by a curvilinear pediment. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first on incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the town with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its design richly ornamented adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned to residences became comercial spaces. Besides that, to the left far end you can see the City Hall. The building has two levels of brick and masonry with typical elements of the Neoclassic style. The facade is built horizontally with a rustic base that covers part of the second level. On the first floor there are entrances and two windows under semicircular arches. The facade is divided with cornices supported by pilasters. The superior level has five double doors framed by thin pilasters that flank a blind pediment and curved. The door of the far ends are shut-in on some balconies of a section and the three doors in the middle connect with a central balcony of three sections supported by brackets and shut-in with metallic ornamental grilles. In front of the building there are three flagpoles with the flags of Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the United States. The construction of the city hall of Arecibo dates of the year 1866 under the Spanish control in the island. The first level of the building was used as a prison while in the second level were the offices. After the earthquake of 1918 the frontal facade of the building suffered collapses so it was modified adding a clock tower until the year 1978 when they restore the building and bring back its original design.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00003

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00003



Lateral view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic style in concrete. The side facade is divided in three sections. Horizontally, it is divided in two parts, the base level and two superior levels. The second and third level have door openings and rectangular windows with flat frames. The doors are flanked by compound flutted pilasters that support the entablature with ornamental frieze, continuous cornice and dentils. Crowning the building you can see a parapet with balustrade and roman amphorae. Through the balustrade you can see an extension of the construction in a smaller size with glass doors and lattice style windows made with glass. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating spaces for residences and comercial establishments. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences became comercial spaces.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Lateral perspective of the Felipe Janer building of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The building shows semicircular arches, arcades with columns, and capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and volutes. Brick tiles are displayed on the arch and the upper edge of the building. Most windows are paired and consist of horizontal louver-type slats. In front of the building is a garden with bushes, trees, and a light post. This building, built between 1924 and 1927, exhibits architectural characteristics of the Spanish Revival style, similar to the other buildings that are part of the Quadrangle of the University of Puerto Rico. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



Detail of the facade of the east volume of the Rafael Cordero High School, also known as the Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly known as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two stories in a ‘U’ shape with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by the state architect responsible for the construction of important schools on the island, Adrian C. Finlayson, and its construction was carried out by the contractor Antonio Higuera. The building has two identical volumes on each side, presenting three closed semicircular arches on the first level and a larger one on the second, as seen in this image. Both facades have a symmetrical shape, culminating in an open triangular pediment with blue-painted moldings and a palmette-shaped acroterium on the crest. Two decorative festoons with a torch and a book flank a huge Roman arch centered above the three arches on the first level. The arch elevation includes semicircular moldings in the form of a bas-relief. In the center of the upper arch is a large opening flanked by two smaller ones, all three covered with glass blocks. A short cornice painted blue and with circular applications closes the upper arch. A small balcony with wrought iron railings below the glass openings adopts characteristic elements of the classical style of the main facade. An exterior lighting spotlight is attached to the grille. The three ventilation openings at the base of the facade, which correspond to the basement of the building, are closed. All arches are accented with blue-painted brick moldings, exaggerated keystones, and concrete thresholds. In front of the facade, there is also an electrical panel and a row of blocks that creates a garden area. Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its time in Puerto Rico and maintains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island where one can see the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts the features of early 20th-century school buildings while claiming individual distinction.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique perspective of the American Red Cross building, Puerto Rico chapter, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan, flanked by the multi-story Department of the Family building on the right and the Dr. Ramón Mellado Parsons building on the left. An urban environment with several buildings of different designs and architectural styles is observed. In the center, the lower, cube-shaped American Red Cross building features a Mediterranean Revival architectural style. Its facade incorporates smooth walls, contrasting with a portal displaying fitted pilasters. These support a decorative terracotta lintel with two finials treated as candelabras that frame a small balcony that further emphasizes the main entrance. It has a red-tiled roof, a characteristic element of Mediterranean or Colonial architecture, and rectangular windows. In the early 1930s, the U.S. Department of the Interior Public Buildings Division commissioned architects Rafael Carmoega and Joseph J. O’Kelly to take charge of the construction project. The plans were prepared by Gonzalo Fernos, and the workforce was managed by the Puerto Rico Emergency Relief Administration (PRERA). The building was inaugurated on August 18, 1935. In the background, the multi-story Department of the Family building has an Art Deco design, with a symmetrical façade and a white and cream finish. Decorative pilasters divide the windows, and a finial with horizontal lines at the top suggests a functional design. After a fire in 1926, the original building housed the Masonic Temple designed by Antonín Nechodoma, was rehabilitated and converted into the headquarters of the Industrial Commission of Puerto Rico until 2009, when it passed into the hands of the Department of the Family. The current entrance portico echoes the classic style of the Masonic lodge. Part of the Dr. Ramón Mellado Parsons building can be seen on the left side of the image. It was designed by architect Henry Klumb and built in the 1950s. It has a modern, sober, and linear design, with sliding windows and aluminum frames, eaves with vertical stripes, and a metal railing on the upper level. A ramp with metal railings allows wheelchair access to the building. Palm trees and signs can be seen along the street, complementing the urban design. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Front facade of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete house with a Modernist/International architectural style. There is no evidence of plans or a known original construction date. The doors are wooden, and the windows have single or double-paned solid wood shutters that open, with interior wood-and-glass windows that remain closed. There are steps at the side and front of the house, and a small decorative garden framed by a brick path leads to the two entrances to the residence. In the center of the garden is a commemorative plaque donated by the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation in 1993, announcing the conversion of the residence into a museum. On the left side, behind a tree, is a concrete staircase leading to the house's entrance, with a small balcony and a railing. The railing is painted gray and contrasts with the pastel colors of the house's walls. To the left of the stairs is a small brick wall, and to the right, a wooden window with its shutters closed. To the right, another staircase with a metal handrail leads to the side entrance of the house. In this area, a door and another window, both made of wood, can be partially seen, along with a hanging light fixture. The roof is flat, and an overhanging eave surrounds most of the house. The parapet is adorned around the balcony area with recessed rectangles. The vegetation around the house is abundant, with dense foliage. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Detail of the floor slabs of the Teachers' Temple in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The two-story concrete building with a gabled metal roof maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, it combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style on the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The terrazzo slabs are arranged in a geometric pattern, with a yellow-toned border surrounding a larger reddish area, forming a decorative frame. Although in good condition, some areas show wear due to traffic and the accumulation of dirt. Paper, documents, and other debris are scattered on the floor, indicating the building's neglect. The plinth, located at the bottom of the wall, is constructed of the same reddish terrazzo and appears in good condition, although it shows some accumulation of dust and dirt. The white-painted wall has dirt stains and minor paint damage. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



An oblique view of several residential buildings on San Agustín Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District of San Juan. San Agustín Street is considered the heart of Puerta de Tierra as it was, and still is, the connecting zone between Old San Juan and the rest of the metropolitan area. The buildings along it display a multiplicity of styles. The closest building is two stories high and exhibits an architectural style influenced by Spanish colonial and neoclassical styles. It has a curved top, a symmetrical design, and a small geometric motif for ornamentation. The balconies are built with white painted metal railings. The windows have shutters, and some on the lower level have simple security bars. The balconies have small red tile eaves that protrude above some windows and balconies. On the right side is a wall with graffiti and a metal fence with barbed wire. The street is narrow, with a row of cars parked on the side. Electric poles and overhead cables cross the space, and more buildings with a similar style can be seen in the background. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110



Detail of the south facade of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Revival style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The facade features a series of dark green rectangular windows that open outward, arranged regularly in three vertical rows. This facade constitutes the hotel's "piano nobile" and is distinguished by the nine rectangular arched openings on the second floor. Centralized and symmetrically arranged, these double-height openings constitute the largest perforations in the building. The same arch pattern is repeated in the interior galleries, creating a symmetrical passageway and maximizing air and light circulation in the second-floor lobby. Simple columns support the arches and allow a transition between the exterior and interior. Concrete balustrades rise from the ground level above the six exterior arches, allowing these arched openings in the facade to also function as balconies, allowing visitors to the second-floor lobby to maintain a close connection with the exterior. Above the level of the arches, a decorative frieze in relief with floral motifs and geometric figures can be seen. Resting on the molding that opens the balcony is a decorative relief ornament consisting of a coat of arms bearing the hotel's initials "CV," framed by symmetrical moldings and a laurel wreath. The two rectangular windows to the east and west of the nine arches are topped by a beaded cornice and a dentate pediment with a coat of arms with scrolls and ribbons within. At the base of the building, a series of smaller openings are protected by a chain-link fence surrounding the perimeter. The building is undergoing repairs, and building materials are in the front area. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



View of a hallway in the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. The left wall has an open metal gate and a red fire alarm system. Halfway down the hallway, on the left side, access to a staircase exists. On the right wall, there is an open metal gate. A series of narrow, rectangular windows are at the top of both walls. A series of fluorescent lights provides illumination along the ceiling, and a sign indicates the exit. The hallway has a tile floor with a stepped design in shades of cream and brown. A small garden can be seen in a brighter area at the back of the hallway. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Welcome wall to the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by Bennett Parsons and Frost, a Chicago architectural firm, in the Beaux-Arts style and following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. The welcome wall slopes slightly upward on the right side and is built with irregular stone masonry, giving it a rustic style. It features large letters that read "Luis Muñoz Rivera Park," and below it, in smaller letters, "Compañía de Parques Nacionales" and its logo. Facing the wall are low ornamental plants and two spotlights on each side. Behind the wall, you can see a cylindrical pillar with a round opening at the top and the concrete railing of El Mirador, an open terrace designed by local artisan Víctor Cott and built in 1939. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name is in honor of the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for political autonomy for Puerto Rico in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as the renovation of the El Mirador terrace between 1990 and 1992 and the addition of a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the entrance to the sentry box of the Santa Bárbara bastion at the San Felipe de Morro Castle in San Juan. The body of the sentry box is made up of ashlars and is crowned by a cornice, a dome, and a spherical or key ornament. A window or loophole is also visible through the entrance. The crenelated parapet extends, forming a small corridor that leads to the sentry box. The sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of the sentry boxes in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th century. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Perspective of the Felipe Janer building of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The building shows semicircular arches and arcades with columns with capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and volutes. Roof tiles are displayed above the arch and on the upper edge of the building. Most windows are paired and consist of horizontal louver-type slats. Semicircular arches paired with mullions are visible at one end of the building. Between these buildings is a garden with a bust of Juan Ramón Jiménez, which is part of the monument to the poets. The Janer Building, built between 1924 and 1927, exhibits architectural features of the Spanish Revival style, similar to the other buildings that are part of the Quadrangle of the University of Puerto Rico. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Wide-angle perspective of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse entrance at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. The San Jerónimo Powderhouse, built with brick and masonry and a gabled roof, is located on the park grounds. It was designed by engineer-commander Tomás O'Daly and constructed between 1769 and 1772 by the Spanish military engineer Juan Francisco Mestre. It is protected by high walls, 13 feet high and 1 foot thick, and sentry boxes on each side, a typical element of colonial architecture. Two brick columns resembling chimneys protrude from behind the walls. In the foreground, wide cement steps lead to an iron gate that provides access to the main building. Behind it, part of a wooden door can be seen. At the top of the door is a small circular opening that ventilates the interior. The facade is simple, with smooth, yellow walls. The gabled roof displays a square-based, spherical pinnacle at the top and a simple eave. Several old lampposts can be seen in front of the entrance wall. The Spanish army stationed at Fort San Jerónimo used El Polvorín as a gunpowder and ammunition store. In 1935, it became a natural history museum and in 1945, a zoo. It is currently used for community and artistic activities. At the end of the 19th Century, the Puerta de Tierra historic district was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as the renovation of the El Mirador terrace between 1990 and 1992 and the addition of a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of La Princesa Bastion, located east of the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan, with the Atlantic Ocean in the background. The view shows its walls made of sandstone blocks, bricks, and semicircular openings. Most surfaces are plastered. A metal mesh fence stands out at one end. La Princesa Bastion preserves its original casemates and magazines built at a lower level. This unit overlaps a dirt-covered bunker and a concrete base from a World War II anti-aircraft emplacement. It is one of three bastions built in the last decades of the 19th Century around the San Cristóbal Castle, as indicated by plans from the 1760s-70s. During World War II, it underwent alterations that erased distinctive features of its original design. However, it retains the character and appearance of the most advanced 18th-century defense techniques applied in a rugged and inhospitable area. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, as the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Casa Cautiño - 84003137

Casa Cautiño - 84003137



Side view of Casa Cautiño in the town of Guayama. The single-level Neoclassical style house is made of masonry and wooden beams. The wooden double-leaf doors and windows have lattice-style slats covered by ornamental iron grilles. As an ornamental element on the upper section, a masonry cornice and a parapet supports decorative masonry flowerpots. A portico is supported in the front by six thin wrought iron columns bordered with ornamental details. An ornamental iron railing borders the space between the columns. The portico is finished with an uninterrupted masonry cornice with continuous moldings on its borders. The front facade has five openings under semicircular arches flanked by fluted pilasters. The doors are crowned with sunrise transoms, and reliefs with floral motifs and garlands are seen between each opening. Also visible is a sign in Spanish that reads: "This property is being restored by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture and sponsored by the Municipal Administration directed by Hon. Miguel Díaz Tirado," and a vehicle parked up front. To the far left is the Charles W. Drees Methodist Church, and to the far right, next to the house, there is a wooden scaffolding. Casa Cautiño was built in 1887 by the architect Manuel Texidor. It's been used as a home, an Insular House, and headquarters for the U.S. Forces. In 1969, the house was remodeled by architect Frank Molther, who respected its original design and reproduced the same style. But in 1979, the house became the property of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which restored it and turned it into the Casa Cautiño Museum.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Interior view of the transept of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows exterior walls with the loss of their stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style. In the center, a semicircular niche at the top is partially damaged, and its base is eroded. A row of exposed bricks is at the top of the wall, where it meets the ceiling. The wall has damp stains, with areas where the cladding has worn away or fallen off. Part of an arch can be seen on the left wall. There is debris on the floor, possibly fragments of the structure that have broken away. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

View to the Ochoa Building From the San Juan Bay

View to the Ochoa Building From the San Juan Bay



San Juan Bay with view towards buildings nearby to the port area of the Old San Juan. You can observe a pier with two vessels. One is a small boat that transport passengers and that is attached to a balustrade and the other is a bigger ship that is docked directly in the pier area. The building in the center is the Ochoa building, which is painted with the cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, antennas on its roof, arches on the first floor facade and mosaic ornaments in the capitals of each pilaster. To the right side there is a white color building with an establishment sign that says: "Dole", indicating that there is located the canned fruit production company. The building that are to the left are the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo and the San Juan Customs. The first one is cream color with terracotta roof and it has influence of several architectonic movements like Beaux arts, Federal style and the Spanish Renaissance. Is built with concrete and the colors are cream and gray. Part of its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and the other part has the aspect of tower with roof extensions with lantern shape. Its doors and windows are formed by voussoirs covered with green grilles. Further to the left you can see the building San Juan Customs that is painted with pink color and has influence of the architectonic style Spanish Renaissance. Is built with reinforced concrete, has a sentry box followed by a fence that goes along the bay, also, it has a gate that is attached to a column with pink color and at the top it has finishes with spheric shape with white color. On its surroundings you can see automobiles, power lines, people, trees, palm trees, bushes and a construction of a building further in the distance that has red flags at the top.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Facade of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. The San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located on the park grounds, is a single-story building constructed of brick and masonry with a gabled roof. It was designed by engineer-commander Tomás O'Daly and built between 1769 and 1772 by the Spanish military engineer Juan Francisco Mestre. It is protected by high walls, 13 feet high and 1 foot thick, and used to have sentry boxes on each side, a typical element of colonial architecture. Two brick columns resembling chimneys protrude from behind the walls. At the bottom of the wall, there is an exposed stone plinth. The main door is wooden, with a simple, rectangular design and simple molding around it. A small sentry box protrudes on the left side, behind which is a brick chimney. A tree obstructs the view of the main building. In front of the building is a circular fountain with a stone border similar to the building's plinth, creating continuity using natural materials. Around it are several wooden benches with sloping backs and lampposts with simple designs and bell-shaped lamps. The floor is composed of square granite tiles arranged symmetrically. The Spanish army stationed at Fort San Jerónimo used El Polvorín as a gunpowder and ammunition store. In 1935, it became a natural history museum and in 1945, a zoo. It is currently used for community and artistic activities. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Oliver Building - 86002764

Oliver Building - 86002764



Side view of the Oliver Building in the coastal town of Arecibo. The building has three levels, and the facade is divided into seven sections. Horizontally, the building is divided into two parts: the ground floor and two upper floors. The base is formed by an arcade of semicircular and horseshoe arches framed by continuous moldings crossing the pillars at the impost level. Under the archway are double-leaf wooden doors crowned with sunrise transoms. The second and third levels have rectangular doors and windows with flat frames. The openings lead to a balcony with balusters supported by decorative corbels under which are a series of lions' heads in relief. There are small balconies with round corners and balconies with two rectangular sections. Between the balconies, fluted pilasters support an entablature. Crowning the building is a parapet with a balustrade and Roman amphorae. Next to the building, cars are parked on the street. The Oliver building was innovative as it was the first building in Arecibo to utilize the urban concept of apartment living together with commercial viability. It was the first to incorporate reinforced concrete construction methods in the Arecibo region. It also was the first structure in Arecibo to address the street and plaza on a diagonal by using a chamfered corner entrance. In brief, the building represents the arrival of modernization and then current urban concepts in the northwestern region of Puerto Rico. Architecturally, the ornamentation reflects the Beaux Arts School of thought, spreading Europe and America, arriving in Puerto Rico with Spanish influence, and incorporating elements of traditional Spanish design, such as arcades and massive wall articulation. The Oliver Building was built in 1914. Over the years, it has been used as a residential and commercial space and headquarters of several important foreign consulates. It was restored in the 1980s, and all spaces allocated for housing were converted into commercial spaces.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110



Low-angle view from the first-floor lobby of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Revival style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. In the foreground, a section of the deteriorating staircase, lacking lower support and with vertical movement, can be seen ascending to the second-floor lobby. Although in a state of deterioration, the reinforced concrete staircase is clad with black terrazzo along its run, riser, and details at the top and bottom corners. The walls are reinforced concrete with a rustic texture and traces of wear. A series of semicircular arches supported by simple columns integrated into the interior wall, centralized and symmetrically arranged, are repeated on the exterior wall, creating a symmetrical passageway and maximizing air and light circulation in the second-floor lobby. Large, parallel concrete beams form the ceiling. On the upper level is a corridor delimited by a wooden railing with mesh. The building is currently undergoing renovation, allowing for the exposure of unfinished concrete. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

 La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



View of the corner of the first-floor balcony of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. In the foreground, a raised semicircular balcony is seen, with a cement railing of thick balusters crowned with a continuous molding. This portico is supported by cylindrical Corinthian columns with capitals decorated with volutes. These columns are regularly spaced and rest on square bases. On the second level, another open balcony follows the same semicircular shape, delimited by another balustrade, providing visual continuity. The facade is decorated with rectangular moldings around the windows. Above these windows, a horizontal cornice extends the length of the house, reinforcing the horizontality of the design. At the base of the portico, decorative wooden trellises are observed at regular intervals, providing ventilation to the basement and small shrubs and grass that decorate the garden around the house. The roof below the portico is flat, with geometrically designed pendant lamps. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its place and time design. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to the population growth of San Juan in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated into an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and durable construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of the Smallwood Brothers building in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The commercial-style building was built in 1922 and designed to display and market Ford vehicles by architects Albert Kahn and his brother, Julius Kahn. This building was one of many stores established along Avenida Constitución dedicated to selling motor vehicles representing progress and modernity in Puerta de Tierra. It comprises a quadrangular plan, three levels, and a roof terrace, highlighting horizontal lines marked by the rows of windows running along each floor. The windows are divided into rectangular panels of uniform proportions, with small individual eaves and glass blocks. The main facade is organized into vertical sections separated by thin pilasters that provide rhythm and symmetry. At the top of the facade, there is an eave with geometric mosaics that add an ornamental detail without distracting from the overall simplicity of the design. The lower level is noticeably different from the upper levels, as it includes large openings for retail spaces delimited by aluminum and glass frames, accompanied by dark-colored cladding that contrasts with the light tones of the rest of the building. Above these spaces are signs that read: "Aaron Stuart Home" and "Poliform." The innovative Kahn brothers, architects of the Smallwood Brothers building, also invented in 1903 the successful reinforced concrete engineering technique used for building construction worldwide. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Aboy Residence - 88001304

Aboy Residence - 88001304



Perspective of the north side of the Aboy Residence, also known as the Aboy House in Miramar, an affluent suburb of San Juan. This two-story residence of concrete, wood, and a gabled roof with corrugated metal sheets represents a tropical adaptation of the Prairie School houses of the early 20th Century in the United States. On the main facade, a series of rectangular and empty volumes create a dialogue between the horizontal and the vertical. In the foreground, two walls of different heights arranged in ascending order extend between square, upright pedestals crowned with urns. This set of walls and pedestals form a horizontal planter that protects the steps leading to the front porch. The porch railing extends horizontally, and above it rises a series of four square columns that support a flat frieze. The second level features a horizontal cantilevered concrete eave. A dark wooden course defines the attic; over it, a wooden 'eyebrow-type window' occupies the gabled space at the facade. Several narrow vertical windows are visible on the side, while others integrate glass or double panes that open outwards. A fence in front of the house and a car parked on the sidewalk can be seen. At the back, a condominium with a modern facade stands out with balconies and glass windows. The Aboy Residence was built in 1919 by engineers Miguel Ferrer and Francisco Pons following the design of the Czech architect Antonín Nechodoma, who paved the way for a modern architectural expression using his interpretation of the Prairie School style. Its owner, landowner Ramón Aboy Benítez, was one of the first to build this luxurious mansion in Miramar, setting the pace for other wealthy families residing in the old city of San Juan to see Miramar as an ideal area to settle.

Building Badrena in the Old San Juan

Building Badrena in the Old San Juan



Frontal view of several buildings in the street Comercio at the Old San Juan. The building that is located at the center is Badrena, it has four floors, is painted with gray color and its windows with glass persiennes. On its roof it has an establishment sign that says: "Lippit & Simonpietri Inc. Seguros y Finanzas" and it has another sign a wall that says: "Dole" in red color. From the right side of the Ochoa building that has influence of the Neo-renaissance architectonic style, the color is cream with green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, arches in the first floor facade and mosaic ornamental the capitals on each pilasters. To the left side it has a building with gray and mustard colors, it is a press and stationery shop, it has arches, pilasters and moldings. The windows and doors are made of wood and it has an awning of green color on the first floor. In 1915 this building had a cinema called Tres Banderas. The building that is further to the left is dark gray color, light gray and white, it has glass windows and a sign of an establishment with red letters that says: "Inter American Insurance Agency". You can observe a parking lot with automobiles, and other vehicles like bus and trucks are traveling on its surrounding. Additionally, there is a kiosk of street vendor, poles with power lines wiring, a paved street with cobblestones, sidewalks. bushes and people. Subsequently, this group of buildings next the Ochoa building passed to be one building in which there is a CVS pharmacy, Polo Ralph Lauren store and a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of a wall with a keyhole arcade at the quarters of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, located in La Puntilla in San Juan. In this space are visible the ceiling beams and floor tiles, some of which are detached or cracked. On one of the walls stands a 'skull-and-bones' icon and an inscription in Spanish that reads: "Peligro área infectada." The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Arsenal integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the facade of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a symmetrical and modern reinforced concrete building with columns and beams that give it a sense of lightness. The windows with horizontal metal slats on the second level, the wide glass panels and wrought iron railings on the third, and the low ceiling and dark walls of the first level also emphasize the illusion of a floating and light building. The central section of the building has a wide staircase that connects to a lower floor, partially suspended on a reflective shelf. A low-profile dome protrudes above the main volume, contrasting with the predominant rectilinear forms. The building is surrounded by green areas and dense vegetation, including large trees. In the foreground, a vertical metal fence delimits the area. In the background, there are several tall buildings, highlighting different architectural styles. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

La Familia Mural - SG100001763

La Familia Mural - SG100001763



Linear perspective of the mural 'The Family' in front of the Barrio Obrero Multiple Services Center in Santurce, Municipality of San Juan. The Venetian mosaic artwork, commissioned by the San Juan government administration and inaugurated in 1970, was designed and built by one of the most prominent Puerto Rican muralists, Rafael Ríos Rey. The work measures 22 feet 7 inches long and 11 feet 3 inches high and consists of approximately 90,000 pieces of glass in a wide variety of colors placed on the main reinforced concrete wall of the Center. The artist conceived his work as a standalone object five feet from the building, but in 2015, after a remodeling, the mural became part of the concrete building's facade. The design depicts a family as the central figure, surrounded by fine arts, history, and education symbols. Ríos Rey used 'The Family' to communicate directly with the local people with a visual message that was understandable in various ways, utilizing the artistic language of social realism, as he learned from his early contacts with the Mexican muralist movement of the 1930s in New York City. The Barrio Obrero Multiple Services Center is a modern building with straight lines and symmetry dedicated to providing social services to the families of Barrio Obrero. The perimeter of the building is delimited by a cement fence and iron railings, which extend along the entire facade and separate it from the street. Two flags on flagpoles, palm trees, and several cars parked in front of the building can be seen. 'The Family' was presented to the public in 1970 as part of the inauguration of the government building, whose mission was to provide social services to the families of Barrio Obrero. The mural reflects the social purpose of the building by highlighting a family as the central figure, surrounded by images that shape the cultural values ​​that define Puerto Rican society. Also included are images associated with Old San Juan, supported by a mountain of books representing the past and an open, empty book inviting the population to write their new history. In 2017, the mural was severely affected by Hurricane Maria. Of the approximately 120 murals created by Ríos Rey, only seven were executed in Venetian mosaic. Among these extremely limited productions, 'The Family' possesses the highest historical integrity, giving this resource exceptional value.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of stairs in a plaza at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was led by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. Between 1974 and 1975, architect Orval Sifontes designed a plan to renovate the park that included an inventory of trees and benches, repairing damaged sidewalks, removing a parking lot around the central fountain and replacing it with vegetation, concealing an electrical substation under an earth mound, providing more lighting to the park, and redesigning the existing playground. The area observed was part of that renovation. The open space features a semicircular staircase made of dark gray stone. The steps are constructed of uniform stone blocks. Part of a black granite fountain and several classically designed lighting poles can be seen on the platform. These poles are arranged symmetrically and distributed along the upper path, emphasizing symmetry. Behind the staircase, there is a set of green areas on the upper level with trees of different sizes and types, including palm trees and shrubs. In the central region of ​​the space, there is a small raised garden delimited by stone borders. Wooden benches and trash cans can also be seen at either end of the path. In the background, to the left, is a modern residential building. In the background, to the right, there is a stone wall, and part of the roof of a conical gazebo can also be seen. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Oliver Building - 86002764

Oliver Building - 86002764



Close view of details from the balcony of the Oliver Building in the coastal town of Arecibo. On the second level, there are openings with wooden doors. The openings lead to balconies with balusters supported by decorative ornamental corbels under which are a series of lions' heads in relief. A fluted pilaster can be seen at the right end of the balcony. The Oliver Building was innovative as it was the first building in Arecibo to utilize the urban concept of apartment living together with commercial viability. It was the first to incorporate reinforced concrete construction methods in the Arecibo region. It also was the first structure in Arecibo to address the street and plaza on a diagonal by using a chamfered corner entrance. In brief, the building represents the arrival of modernization and then current urban concepts in the northwestern region of Puerto Rico. Architecturally, the ornamentation reflects the Beaux Arts School of thought, spreading Europe and America, arriving in Puerto Rico with Spanish influence, and incorporating elements of traditional Spanish design, such as arcades and massive wall articulation. The surroundings of the building have parked cars and people walking by. The Oliver Building was built in 1914. Over the years, it has been used as a residential and commercial space and headquarters of several important foreign consulates. It was restored in the 1980s, and all spaces allocated for housing were converted into commercial spaces.

Building Lippit and Simonpietri at the Comercio Street of the Old San Juan

Building Lippit and Simonpietri at the Comercio Street of the Old San Juan



Badrena building in the Comercio street in the Old San Juan. You can see that the building is painted with different shades of gray and that it has two sighs with establishments names. One is at the rooftop and says: "Lippit & Simonpietri Inc. Seguros y Finances" (Lippit & Simonpietri Inc. Insurance and Finances) and the other one is on one of the walls and says: "Dole" in red color. It has rectangular and square openings in which there are windows with the shape of glass persienne. The building that is located to the right is the Ochoa building that has influence of the Neo-renaissance architectonic style, it has cream color with light green touches, has metal windows with glass persiennes, arches on the first floor facade, and mosaic ornaments in the capitals of each pilaster. You can see that in three of its arches have signs with information about the establishment. The building to the left is gray and mustard colors, it has a gable roof design, pilasters, moldings, glass windows and a wooden door. There are letters painted on the wall that say: "Stationery" and "Etiquetas y Cartelones litografiados" (Lithographed labels and posters). In 1915 this building was a cinema called Tres Banderas. You can observe around it automobiles, bus, a bus stop with people, a wide paved street with cobblestones, sidewalks, power lines, antennas at the roofs and trees. Subsequently, this group of buildings next to the Ochoa building became one building in which there is a CVS pharmacy, the store Polo Ralph Lauren and a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Linear view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, seen from the Miramar area in the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. The perspective view shows the northern section of the abutment surrounded by trees and concrete walls on either side of the longitudinal laminated beam track, which shows signs of deterioration, with remnants of vegetation and cracks in some areas. The bridge spans the San Antonio Channel and features a steel and concrete superstructure and a concrete substructure. The concrete was poured in situ, and the surfaces were covered with rough concrete stucco and smooth whitewash on all frames. On the left, the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, is visible in a classical style with multiple arches beneath it. This bridge, designed by Rafael Carmoega, features concrete railings and modern lampposts along its entire length. Several buildings of different architectural styles and trees on the island of San Juan can be seen at the end of the road. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original rail network in San Juan.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Facade of the Antonio S. Pedreira building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The first story of the building displays square windows at ground level, followed by other windows with horizontal louvered shutters integrated into a keyed blind arcade. The highest level shows paired rectangular openings. At least a couple of these openings incorporate horizontal louver windows, an ornate parapet, corbels, and a roof. The upper edge of the building features a cornice and brick tiles. In front of the building is a sidewalk, and parallel to it is a series of concrete sidewalks. This building is part of the University's Quadrangle. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria - Lajas - 2011 00002

Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria - Lajas - 2011 00002



Front view of the Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria located in the coastal town of Lajas. It is presided by the Juan Ramírez Ortíz square, where you can see wooden benches, garden areas, light poles, a low fence modulated by square pillars crowned with spherical finishes and a concrete fountain. The church has one floor and has characteristics of the Neoclassic and Baroque styles. The roof is a gable roof and the front facade is decorated with continuous moldings, cornices, stained glasses framed with moldings and a staggered frieze. It also has a small portico supported by two pairs of Corinthian Order columns that flank a semicircular arch. The portico also has the roof covered by roofing tiles and a double door made of wood and glass crowned with a transom, also made of wood and glass. Besides that, there are two twin belfry towers that are flanking the facade. The towers share the characteristics from the rest of the facade and have the hipped roof covered with roofing tiles. The Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria parish in Lajas dates from 1884, it was made of masonry with roofing tiles tiles roof. Subsequently, in 1897, another one was inaugurated made of masonry and a roof made of corrugated metal sheets, being renovated in 1918. Years later it was rebuilt, it was added a tower and the roof was substituted by another one made of concrete. It was until 2003 that they finally added the other tower.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Main facade of the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this building is associated with the development of the modern apartment house of the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes that were beginning to settle in San Juan. This style combines Hispanic and Mediterranean elements, standing out for its wide balconies, decorative arches, concrete ornamentation, use of ornamental tiles, and glass mosaics. Its rectangular floor plan is made of reinforced concrete and has two levels. The main facade is organized symmetrically and divided by two projecting balconies whose front openings are framed by an upper horizontal beam with inclined contours towards the support columns at each end. Two wooden doors can be seen on the upper balcony, and two double doors with glass mullions on the first level. It shows a decorative painting on the front wall. The side openings are also topped by triangular headers whose angles coincide with the front ones. On the upper level, an expansive terrace is enclosed by a concrete railing with perforations in the form of diamonds and drops topped with a row of metal grids. The roof of the terrace has slightly inclined eaves with clay tiles. Ornamental bands and imposts are also observed on the columns. Originally, this facade was profusely adorned with brightly coloured glass mosaics, but multiple layers of paint later covered them and, in some cases, cement stucco. To the right is a parked vehicle and a building with similar characteristics but with additional details such as columns and pediments. To the left, a wrought iron gate gives access to the building. There is also a disused building with balconies covered with red tiles and apparent signs of abandonment. In front of the building is a sidewalk with a yellow painted curb and a modern light pole with a sign reading “No Parking.” The Gay Pride Community organization, founded in 1974, was the first gay/lesbian attempt created in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for $300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, making it its headquarters and providing free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it was dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

Building Oliver- Arecibo - 2012 00020

Building Oliver- Arecibo - 2012 00020



Close-up view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three levels with characteristics of the Neoclassic style made of fortified concrete. The facade is divided in sections and the third level has openings of double doors and rectangular wooden windows and persiennes with flat frames. The opening conducts to a balcony with balustrades secured by decorative brackets. The balcony on the chamfered corner is curved and is secured by decorative brackets. Between the balcony there are compound flutted pilasters that support an entablature with ornamental frieze, continuous cornice and dentils. Besides that, you can see that the building is crowned by a parapet with balustrade and roman amphorae. In the chamfered corner is interrupted the parapet by a curvilinear pediment decorated with relief details. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first on incorporating spaces of residences and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its design richly ornamented adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first level. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned to residences became comercial spaces.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



View of the main water reservoir of the old San Juan Waterworks in the Barrio Venezuela neighborhood, Rio Piedras, also known as Loma de Prim in honor of the local governor Juan Prim (1847-1848). The main reservoir is located 160 feet above the pumps, with masonry walls and a stone fence. It has a capacity of three million seven hundred thousand gallons of water and is divided by a central wall. The valve house, a rectangular building with two arched access openings on its facade on one side of this wall, can also be seen. This house was built between 1894 and 1896. The design of these water reservoirs underwent many modifications over the years: in 1878, the original design was in charge of Enrique Gadea, then redesigned in 1887 by Fernando Alameda and in 1891 by J. W. Grover. Arturo Guerra organized his final design in 1896. The water tanks were built between 1896 and 1897, in colonial style, by the local private contractor, Roque Paniagua García. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the vehicular entrance to the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located at the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The entrance is marked by a rectangular portico with the words: "Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico." The portico is supported by lateral concrete columns of simple and functional design and has a vertical metal gate for access control. On both sides of the entrance, there are concrete walls with smooth finishes. The surrounding area comprises a garden with well-kept grass, ornamental shrubs, and medium-sized palms. In the background, several leafy trees and taller buildings are partially visible behind the foliage. The access road is paved, with a border that delimits the green and vehicular circulation areas. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Oblique perspective of the residence at San José Street #101 in the Old San Juan Historic District. The building features architectural features corresponding to the Spanish Colonial style and Neoclassical details. It is a corner building with two levels, highlighting a symmetrical design on its main facades. The walls are made of masonry and are covered with a smooth, pink-painted finish, delimited by moldings and frames in white that emphasize the edges and openings. On the upper level, there are cantilevered balconies supported by beams, with wooden railings formed by straight balusters of simple design. Each balcony has an independent roof with a slight slope. Vertical plank shutters with integrated blinds protect the windows. These windows are framed with moldings that protrude from the plane of the walls, giving greater visual depth. The access doors on the lower level have a robust design, made of wood with rectangular frames crowned by trim decorative moldings. Above one of the main doors, an ornamental detail can be distinguished, consisting of pilasters with simple capitals and a modest entablature that adds a neoclassical touch. The upper cornice of the building, slightly protruding, is designed to mark the transition towards the parapet that crowns the construction. The latter has a straight profile without any significant visible ornamentation. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Interior view of the Román Baldorioty de Castro building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. This space has an archway that is supported by square pillars. These pillars integrate two circular plates and capitals decorated with angel motifs. A gallery with rectangular openings and railings is projected above the arch. Details like moldings, pilasters crowned with finials, dentils, and Moorish-style tiles are exhibited. Also visible are several lamps attached to the wall and others hanging from the ceiling. In the background are stairs that lead to the double-leaf door that gives access to the Academic Senate of the University of Puerto Rico. Above this space rises the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414



High-angle view of the garage and service area of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's residence, also known as Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's Residence and Library, in the affluent urban environment of Condado in San Juan. The house was built in 1940 and exhibits a sober Spanish Renaissance style. The rectangular concrete building, seen here with a flat roof and an air conditioner, is located within the lot, south of the main house, and was used as a garage and the house staff's room with a bathroom. Two wooden doors can be seen leading to the garden ornamented with irregular slabs and vegetation and to the main house's kitchen entrance. Each double-sided wooden door and window is crowned with a concrete canopy roofed with clay tiles. A white metal gate with an ornamental design is located on a wall that delimits the patio. In the background, a street with parked vehicles and metal fences protecting the properties can be seen. This property was the residence and workplace of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez, one of the most prominent female voices of the Generation of the Thirties, a middle-class Creole literary movement established in the 1930s in response to the United States control over the island that gave shape to the Puerto Rican cultural identity. She also co-founded the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Puerto Rico and achieved international recognition for her in-depth critical essays and studies of Puerto Rican and Latin American literature. Dr. Meléndez Ramírez died in 1983, leaving the house in her will to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which converted it into a library in the 1990s.

Parish San Miguel Arcángel - Cabo Rojo - 2011 00015

Parish San Miguel Arcángel - Cabo Rojo - 2011 00015



Facade of the Parish San Miguel Arcángel, located in Cabo Rojo. It is parish presents different shades of yellow that alternates with orange details. The entrance is compound by three-centered arches flanked by pilasters that secure a triangular pediment that integrates dentils. The transition to the second level is accentuated by a stringcourse and a pair of cornices elevated by pilasters. Also, it is notable the oculus and the windows with glass leaves and with semicircular arch shape. On one end of the second level of the facade stand out a triangular pediment with dentils crowned with a cross, while in the opposite side it stick out the tower of the church, in whose belfry it shows arches, clocks, moldings and a dome. The parish is surrounded by a fence articulated by a balustrade interrupted by piers with finishes and a gate made of grilles with spiral motifs. At the front part there is a monument with the statue that commemorate the Puerto Rican writer, politician and historian Salvador Brau Asencio. The Parish San Miguel Arcángel was designated historic monument under the Law Number 150 of June 18, 2004. Its history is linked to the foundation of the town of Cabo Rojo through Royal Order from the king Charles III of Spain from December 17, 1771. Since September 29, 1783 this church dedicates to the patron of Saint Michael Archangel and two years later initiates the construction of the temple. In this church, in addition, there are the birth certificates of Ramón Emeterio Betnaces, Salvador Brau Asencio and the legendary pirate Cofresí. In its bicentennial it was plant a guayacan tree next to the square.

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00002

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00002



Lateral view of the Brunet Calaf house in the coastal town of Manatí. The construction is made of brick masonry and stucco with corrugated metal sheets roof. It has two floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic and Vernacular styles. On the first floor you can see elliptical arches, flanked by pilasters and crowned with keystones. Inside the arches there are lattice style windows made of aluminium crowned with ornamental grille transoms. There is also an arch presided by a metallic grille inside which you can distinguish a door with persiennes and a rectangular arch also covered by metallic grille. Besides that, on the second floor you can see a balcony with wooden balustrade modulated by pillars that at the same time support the overhang roof made of corrugated metal sheets. Inside the balcony there are several double wooden doors with persiennes framed with moldings and lattice style windows made of aluminum. In addition, the building has an entablature with continuous cornices and dentils above which you can distinguish an additional level with smaller size and has lattice style windows. This residence was built in 1869 and partially renovated in 1885. It is link to the two most influential families in the Manatí area, the Brunet family and Calaf family who contributed greatly to the sugar industry in the island. Despite they were two separate houses in 1919 there were remodeled and united. Even though it is in ruins, since 1988 it belongs to the National Register of Historic Places.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Garden view with decorative elements and paths at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. The area is divided into sections with crisscrossing stone paths delimited by concrete borders. Surrounding the tree is a low stone wall, rustic and designed wooden benches for seating, and abundant tropical vegetation, including palm trees. The tallest trees and plants are strategically placed to shade the space, suggesting careful landscaping planning. Metal lampposts also protrude from the vegetation and line the paths. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Church of the Holy Trinity – 86002766

Church of the Holy Trinity – 86002766



View of the main and side facades of the Church of the Holy Trinity, located in the town of Ponce. The church is made of concrete, combining elements of the Neo-Gothic and Spanish Neo-Colonial styles, and follows the typical cruciform plan, formed by a double-height nave with a transept located to the west of the semicircular apse. The rectangular facade, crowned by a double semicircular arched belfry with bells and a cross, is flanked by buttresses and includes a circular window at the height of the second floor. The main entrance has a cubic plan that includes a semicircular arch with iron railings, a Spanish-style tile roof, and whitewashed walls contrasting with the rest of the unpainted building. On the side, the semicircular arch-shaped openings and the roof tiles stand out. A small garden surrounds the building, and pillars modulate a railing fence. Also notable are a bus station and several traffic signs in Spanish stating: "No entre, Tránsito, Terminal Abolition Taxi No Estacione." The Church of the Holy Trinity was initially established in Ponce in 1873 by a group of non-Catholic residents of the Protestant religion after the fall of the Spanish Monarchy and the passing of the Law of Tolerance in Worship. The building was constructed from materials received from England as a gift from Queen Victoria to her English subjects abroad, among these a cast bell bearing the date 1870. In 1874 the monarchy was re-established in Spain, and religious intolerance was reversed, forcing the church to close its doors until July 25, 1898, when American troops entered Ponce. By 1923, the original wooden church had fallen into disrepair, so funds were raised to build the present concrete church, completed in 1926.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the stairs and the main ramp that connects the Plaza de Armas to the highest level of the Santa Barbara bastion known as El Macho, located in the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. Stairs and a sentry box at the lower end flank the ramp. The semicircular arches are notable under the ramp, and semicircular openings are on the fort wall. The walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Interior of the reception area of ​​the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this two-story, reinforced concrete building is associated with the development of the modern apartment house of the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes who were beginning to settle in San Juan. Its architectural style has elements of the Spanish/Mediterranean Renaissance movement. In an apparent state of remodeling, the left wall has a rectangular opening, which gives access to another adjoining room. There are no visible moldings, and lines of exposed electrical wiring can be seen attached near the ceiling. The right wall has a Miami-style window and an electrical outlet with exposed wires. The back wall has a door that leads to the balcony. The ceiling is flat and without ornamental details, it has a smooth finish similar to the white walls. In the upper left corner, exposed electrical wiring can be seen. The floor is dirty and unfinished, with no baseboards or edge details. The overall design of the space is utilitarian, emphasizing functionality and simplicity. The Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, built in 1937, is associated with the Gay Pride Community organization, founded in 1974, which was the first gay/lesbian attempt to be created in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for US$300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, making it its headquarters and providing free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it was dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the breast wall of the Santa Barbara bastion, seen from the east end of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle, a ramp, a couple of openings, a sign attached to the wall, the crenelated parapet, and, in the distance, the Atlantic Ocean are visible. The walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Oblique view of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a symmetrical and modern reinforced concrete building with columns and beams elevated on pillars, creating an open area on the ground floor. The main access has a wide central staircase leading to the upper level's main entrance. The facades feature glass panels and horizontal blinds. Covered exterior walkways delimited by simple railings on the second level can be seen. The surrounding area includes well-kept lawns, palm trees, and other trees that frame the building, creating a natural environment. In the background, a taller residential building is visible, with curved balconies and large windows. In the foreground, a flagpole with a United States flag and a paved area can be seen. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a gazebo inside Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Valines enlisted the services of local artisan and sculptor Victor Cott to design and build the park's gazebos, benches, fountains, and trellises. The gazebo provides shade and a quiet space to sit and enjoy the park. It is constructed of molded cement over a wire and mesh structure that mimics wood. The two vertical pillars, each formed by a series of logs, create a rustic and functional design. At the top, crossed logs connecting the two pillars and climbing plants can be seen. It has two built-in benches on each side, providing a resting space. The stone floor complements the rustic, natural look of the building. The path leads to a small raised garden bordered by a concrete wall, several benches, and lampposts. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



View of the tower of the main building of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. It is a tower of predominantly eclectic architecture that contrasts with the simplicity of the rest of the building. Its exterior is divided into three sections that narrow as you ascend. While the first section is an irregular chamfered octagon, the second is a regular octagon. Four panels of the second section are arched and open, while the other four panels are covered with blue and white ceramic tiles. The openings at the top are framed by thick arched frames and covered with blue and white square tiles, while the lower parts have similar tiles but with a different pattern. An arched rope molding separates the stringers of the tympanum. Two corbels support the lintel of the tympanum, giving the opening a more geometrically complicated profile. All components are made of reinforced concrete, which shows the knowledge of how to work the material to obtain complex shapes and figures. A fourth pattern in the band found at the top of the first section serves as a transition. Although barely visible at the top, blue and white tiles form chevrons, adding movement and polychromatic drama to the tower and the facade. Several moldings sit on the top, creating a base for the ball that crowns the composition. The side sections of the building have four narrow rectangular Miami-style windows, protected by metal bars that provide light and ventilation to the main body of the building. Some windows have air conditioning equipment installed at the bottom. The main door is large, with a lobed arch and the coat of arms of Puerto Rico in relief in the center. The building is painted light yellow, contrasting with the blue decorative elements. Some trees and bushes surround the building, providing a natural frame to the architectural complex. The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the campus, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Main facade of the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this building is associated with the development of the modern apartment house of the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes that were beginning to settle in San Juan. This style combines Hispanic and Mediterranean elements, standing out for its expansive balconies, decorative arches, concrete ornamentation, and use of ornamental tiles and glass mosaics. Its rectangular floor plan is reinforced concrete and has two levels. The main facade is organized symmetrically and divided by two projecting balconies whose front spans are framed by an upper horizontal beam with inclined contours towards the support columns at each end. Two wooden doors are on the upper balcony, and two double doors with glass mullions on the first level. It shows a decorative painting on the front wall. The side openings are also topped by triangular headers whose angles coincide with the front ones. On the upper level, an expansive terrace is enclosed by a concrete railing with diamond-shaped and drop-shaped perforations topped with a row of metal gratings. The terrace roof has a slightly inclined eave with clay tiles replicated on the back of the building. Ornamental bands and imposts are also seen on the columns. Originally, this facade was profusely adorned with brightly colored glass mosaics, but multiple layers of paint later covered them and, in some cases, cement stucco. On the lower level is a portico supported by two rectangular concrete columns of simple design. The left side facade features a cement staircase that ends in a small balcony, sheltered by a terracotta tile roof and enclosed with concrete balusters, serving as the second-floor unit's entrance. The garage for parking vehicles is located on the right side of the building. The surrounding area is delimited by a black iron fence, which also serves as the main entrance to the courtyard and access to the second level. In the foreground is a sidewalk with a yellow painted edge, a modern lamp post with a sign that reads, "No Estacione," and a narrow paved street. Other apartments and modest cement residences surround the building. On the left is a deteriorated construction, with balconies covered in red tiles and apparent signs of abandonment, such as windowless openings and graffiti on the ground floor. The Gay Pride Community, founded in 1974, was the first gay/lesbian attempt to organize in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for $300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, which became its headquarters and provided free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

Yabucoa Fire Station – 1300015

Yabucoa Fire Station – 1300015



Main facade of the former Yabucoa Fire Station. The single-story, concrete building shows Modern and Art Deco architectural styles. In the foreground, two Miami-style lattice windows, a gate with white iron bars, eaves with horizontal and vertical lines, and a parapet around the flat roof are visible. The eaves feature two flags, one of Puerto Rico and the other of the United States, and embossed letters that read: "Parque de Bombas F-S." At the top, in the center of the building, is the Fire Station's coat of arms in relief, and below, six rectangular openings with glass panels, divided by two columns, used to provide lighting for the interior. These openings and the eaves provide decorative details on the facade influenced by Art Deco. The facade is painted cream and brown with Miami-style lattice windows and a black iron grille on the right. On the left is an open black iron gate and another lattice window on the side wall. At the top, a power line can be seen crossing the image. Engineer Miguel J. Nolla built the Yabucoa Fire Station between 1943 and 1944, following one of the design prototypes officially endorsed by the Puerto Rico Fire Department. It was an important part of the Civil Defense efforts during World War II and for fire protection in the town of Yabucoa. In the late 1990s, the Arturo Malavé American Legion took possession of the building after the Fire Department moved to more modern and comfortable facilities in the town. Despite some deterioration, the station retains its architectural character.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00018

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00018



Frontal view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three levels with a chamfered corner that work as a main entrance. It is made of fortified concrete inspired by the Neoclassic style. The facade is divided in several sections. Horizontally, the building is divided in two parts, the base level and two superior levels. In the base, through the chamfered corner there is an entrance under a semicircular arch with balustrades secured by decorative brackets. The balcony is flanked by flutted pilasters secured by continuous cornices under which there is a series relief lion heads. In the surroundings you can see more buildings with shades of pink, yellow and orange with different characteristics. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned to residences became comercial spaces.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Side view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, seen from the islet of ​​the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although initially designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. This section shows the abutment, pillars, and elliptical arches evenly distributed along the length of the bridge. Each arch rests on rectangular pillars partially submerged in water, showing signs of wear and erosion. A parapet extends across the bridge with a simple design and horizontal lines interrupted by small rectangular moldings. The concrete parapet has vertical and horizontal moldings that integrate into the design. On the far right of the bridge, there is a wider pillar, creating a pedestrian platform. On the outside of this pillar is a plaque indicating the completion date of the bridge's construction with an inscription that reads: "C.F. de P.R. 1932." In the background, an urban environment with green spaces and graffiti can be seen. To the left and below the bridge, debris and trash are present. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the San Juan islet with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original railroad network in San Juan.

Parish San Francisco de Asís - Aguada - 2011 00001

Parish San Francisco de Asís - Aguada - 2011 00001



Parish San Francisco de Asís, Aguada. The design of this catholic church presents influences of the gothic architecture and the Neoclassic. Its facade is made up of a central body with a cross on top and two lateral towers. It stand out the use of lancet arches that repeats in the towers as well as in the central body. In the center there is a portico with four thin columns and a slope roof. Above the portico roof there is a sign with the dates 1924 and 1936. On the second level of the facade you can observe an arch inside of which there are seven thin lancet arches with stained glass, flanked by two pilasters crowned with pinnacles. In the quadrangle towers you can distinguish different levels and all present lancet arches. On the second level, three thin arches, the one on the center is taller than the other two. The third level has three thin arches of the same height and one of the towers has a clock. The fourth level has a lancet arch inside of a triangular shape. Each tower ends with a dome, lantern with lancet arches, spires and a small cross. The building is surrounded by a concrete fence, the piers of the fence have pots with plants. Also, there is a steel gate with two piers with lamps. Both the church and the fence are painted with a grayish green color with the borders and details with white color. In front of the church, crossing the street, there is the square where you can see a statue of Christopher Columbus.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Side view of historic buildings on O’Donnell Street, west of Plaza Colón in the Old San Juan Historic District. Each one is distinguished by its symmetrical composition, with rectangular facades and vibrant colors typical of a Colonial style. In the foreground, from right to left, is a partial view of a two-story cement building, painted green, with a parapeted balcony and double-leaf doors made of wood and glass. Next is a red building with decorative white moldings on the wooden doors and windows. The openings are tall and vertical, with semicircular arches and metal bars on the first level. On the upper level, some balconies protrude slightly. At the entrance, there is a yellow awning that reads: “Cafeteria La Españolita.” The adjacent lilac building also has openings with arches and white moldings. It exhibits small corbels under the eaves, two lanterns, and geometric decorative elements above the openings. The predominant materials include masonry for the walls and ironwork for the decorative elements. On the upper level, the roofs are flat or of minimal pitch, although some display tiles as ornamental trims. In the foreground is the road and sidewalk, with classical-style lamp posts arranged equidistantly along the sidewalk. There are also several cars parked along the street. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Aerial view of the urban surroundings of the Port of San Juan in the Old San Juan Historic Dristrict. After the first formal dock was constructed in 1900, this port became the main Caribbean commercial center for American and military companies. The commercial growth in that area caused an increase in construction and new architectural typologies. In the foreground, between the dock and Comercio Street, is the Plaza Dársenas, a small rectangular building with yellow walls, a tiled roof, and a circular fountain outside. The building shows a Spanish neocolonial architectural influence and was used as a tourist assistance center managed by the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. To the right, across Comercio Street, is the multi-story Federal Court building. This building exhibits a sober and symmetrical design inspired by the neoclassical and modern style, with a gray facade, rectangular windows distributed in modules, and a small red-tiled roof. In the background is the United States Federal Customs Building, known as the Federal Customs House, an example of the 20th-century Mediterranean Revival aesthetic. The Customs House was built from 1924 to 1931 according to the design of architect Albert B. Nichols. The main facade is painted pink and divided by pilasters and windows with semicircular arches, which is typical of this style. The entrance portal is framed by terracotta-colored relief ornaments and a symmetrical design highlighting its monumental character. To the left of the Customs House is also the Old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy. The building has a single level and an open arcade, typical of colonial designs adapted to tropical climates. The urban landscape is enriched by the integration of tall, leafy trees that complement the architectural designs and cobblestone streets that evoke a historical style. In the distance, the northern coast of the island can be seen. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Building Martinez Hnos. & Co. Sucrs. in the Depósito Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

Building Martinez Hnos. & Co. Sucrs. in the Depósito Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



Building Martinez Hnos. & Co. Sucrs. in the Depósito street of the neighborhood La Puntilla in the Old San Juan. You can observe the buildings that are in the Depósito street in corner with Puntilla street, they have influence of the architectonic styles Neoclassic and Neo-renaissance. In front there is a building painted with white and terracotta sections. It has quoins, moldings and cornices, arches on its doors and windows, steel grilles, double doors made of wood with lattice, small rectangular glass windows and steel sunset transoms. On the wall of its facade it has painted black letters that say: "Martinez Hnos & Co. Sucrs". There are two buildings that follow and are painted with cream color and terracotta. They show similar designs with arches, moldings, cornices and rectangular doors. The first of them has two flagpoles secured in the corners of its walls, some green steel grilles, sunrise transoms and some letters in the entrance that are green color and say the name of the company that is on that building. The adjacent building to that one, has a part of the gable roof, two arches that are sealed and an entrance with a green awning. The last building of that sidewalk is white, it has two floors and rectangular doors and windows. To the left you are able to see part of a building that painted light blue with terracotta, possess arches, double wooden doors with lattice, sunrise transoms, steel grilles with terracotta color and some black letters on its wall. Nearby there are paved streets with asphaltic concrete, sidewalks, power line poles with transformers, street light units and pipelines in the buildings. Subsequently, this area became an apartment complex and the parking lot called La Puntilla.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Partial view of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence dining room, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete home with a Modernist/Internationalist architectural style. There is no evidence of plans or known original construction date. In the foreground is an oval wooden dining table with six wooden chairs and dark upholstery. The space around the table is open, facilitating easy circulation. Along the left wall is a multi-shelf wooden storage cabinet containing various decorative and utilitarian pieces such as plates and vases. This classically styled cabinet with multiple shelves and drawers maximizes storage space. On the back wall, another classically styled cabinet with multiple shelves and drawers displays various decorative and utilitarian objects. Part of a closed door can be seen to the right of this cabinet. The walls are adorned with a variety of framed art and photographs. In the background, through an open door, you can see part of a kitchen, with bright yellow cabinets. These cabinets serve as additional storage for dishes and cooking utensils. A glass window with a wood frame is at the back of the kitchen. The floor is covered with terracotta cement tiles, whose color and texture add a rustic element to the dining room. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of the Caribe Hilton Hotel in the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. It is a rectangular, ten-story building with a modernist and international architectural design. The block of balconies on the facade contrasts with the open, elevated space on columns on the ground floor. Part of another similar building built later on the right side can also be seen. In the foreground, part of a wall belonging to the Fort of San Jerónimo can be seen with its sentry box, and several lamps are lined up along the path surrounded by green areas, trees, and palms. At the end of the 1940s, the government of Puerto Rico began to promote tourism on the island formally, and hired the famous Hilton hotel chain, in association with the local architectural firm of Osvaldo Toro, Miguel Ferrer, and engineer Luis Torregrosa, to design the Caribe Hilton Hotel within the historic first line of defense of the San Juan Islet and next to the San Jerónimo del Boquerón Fort. Construction began in 1947, led by New York contractor George Fuller, and included the only private beach on the island. The local press hailed the hotel's opening in December 1949 as a continental-scale event. The design adapted the English garden tradition using exotic elements, such as the picturesque lake adorned by an Asian-inspired pavilion that can be reached via a curved wooden bridge into an open lobby. In the 1960s, a new wing was added to the hotel, and a few years later, a taller building was built to anchor the composition dramatically. Its oceanfront location and unique design immediately transformed the Puerta de Tierra Historic District, placing the sector at the center of the island's tourism efforts. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00007

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00007



View of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic style in fortified concrete. The lateral facade is divided in sections. You can observe the third floor that has openings of double doors and rectangular wooden windows and persiennes with flat frames. The openings conducts to a balcony with balustrades. There are small balconies with rounded corners and rectangular balconies. Between the balconies there are flutted pilasters that supports an entablature with ornamental frieze, continuous cornice and dentils. You can see a parapet with balustrade and roman amphorae crowning the building. Also, you can see an extension of the construction on a smaller size with doors and glass windows crowned with amphorae. In the chamfered corner the parapet is interrupted by a curvilinear pediment decorated with relief details. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences became comercial spaces.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Perspective of the entrance to the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The paved path is surrounded by gardens with shrubs and large trees that provide shade to the area. Cement borders delimit the garden areas' transit surface on both sides of the path. The path has a slight incline towards the back, where an iron gate with cement walls on each side blocks the vehicular access. To the right, lantern-type lamps can be seen along the garden. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

City Hall of Arecibo - 2014 00003

City Hall of Arecibo - 2014 00003



View of the City Hall of the city of Arecibo. The building is of two levels made of brick masonry with typical elements of the Neoclassic style. It is painted with shades of salmon color and brown with white moldings. The facade is built horizontally with rustic base that covers part of the second floor. On the first floor there are three entrances over which there is an inscription that say: "Alcaldía" (City Hall). Also, there are several windows under semicircular arches and rectangular arches. The facade is divided with cornices hold by pilasters that extend to the second section and support the triangular pediment that crowns the building. Besides that, the superior level has seven double doors framed by thin pilasters that flank a blind pediment and curved. The doors of the far ends are shut in some balconies of a section and the three doors in the middle connect with a central balcony of three sections hold by brackets and shut in with ornamental metallic grilles. In front of the building they have up three flagpoles with the flags of Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the United States. Also, you can see vehicles parked on the street. The construction of the Arecibo town hall dates of the year 1866 under the Spanish control in the island. The first floor of the building was used as a prison while in the second floor where the offices. After the earthquake of 1918 the frontal facade suffered collapses so it was modified adding a clock tower until the year 1978 when they restore the building and bring back its original design.

Buildings in the Presidio Street in the Neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

Buildings in the Presidio Street in the Neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



View towards the building that are located in the Presidio street of the neighborhood of La Puntilla in the Old San Juan. You can observe a paved street with asphalt that has to its right a line of adjacent buildings. The buildings are built with concrete and some in masonry, they show influence of several architectonic styles like the Revival, Neo-renaissance, Art Deco, Beaux arts and Neo-Moorish. This is notably the architectonic elements that it can be seen on its facades. The buildings have balconies with balustrades, appentices, crestings and finishes, cornices, architectonic moldings, battlements, gable roofs with dormer windows, double wooden windows, balconets and double doors with lattice. These buildings are residential and one of them is a auto repair shop and it has an establishment sign that says: "Amador Hnos". At the background you can observe the building of La Princesa Old Prison that is painted with white, it has a dome, lantern, and a pediment on the facade wall. Behind it there is part of the defense rampart that is along of the La Princesa Promenade and at the background a building painted with pink. To the right it stick out a building that is painted with white and has arches with columns and mosaics with moorish influence. This building used to be the magazine and the newspaper called El Mundo, subsequently, became a comercial building. Afterwards, this area became the parking lot La Puntilla.

Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Graded School - 10001217

Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Graded School - 10001217



Upper section of the facade of the auditorium of the Dr. Martín G. Brumbaugh Community School in Santa Isabel. The school, built in 1906, is a notable example of 20th-century educational architecture on the island, combining Neoclassical elements with modern construction techniques. The image shows a semicircular pediment with a high relief reading "Auditorium" and a bas-relief at the top with the year of construction, "1932." As part of the improvements, the wooden roof of the courtyard built in 1913 was removed to provide light and ventilation to the classrooms and to make it easier to see the pediment with its name. The metal bars in the image were added years later as a security measure. Palm branches can be seen below. The Dr. Martín G. Brumbaugh Community School represents the initial stage of the social project undertaken by the United States in Puerto Rico to promote education and economic well-being, combined with the political project of promoting American values ​​and the acculturation process of Puerto Rican society. It is also architecturally significant, as it exemplifies the harmonious combination of three distinctive construction periods, where the original construction technology and materials can still be appreciated. The Design Department of the Schools Division prepared the original plan, which was completed in 1906. In 1913, renowned architect and designer Blas Silva added four concrete classrooms and two restrooms. The plans for this expansion were signed by architect Adrian Finlayson, whose name is associated with many public buildings constructed during that period. The auditorium, designed by architect Francisco Porrata Doria, was built in 1932, consolidating the school's presence as an important civic center. Architecturally, the school stands out for its durability, the preservation of its original elements, and as a testament to the evolution of construction techniques in Puerto Rico.

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00025

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00025



Lateral view of the Brunet Calaf house in the coastal town of Manatí. At the foreground, you can see the paved street where there are several parked vehicles. The house is made of brick and stucco with corrugated metal sheets roof. It has two floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic and Vernacular styles. On the first floor you can see several framed liptical arches, flanked by pilasters and crowned with keystones. Inside the arches there are lattice style windows made of aluminium crowned with ornamental grille transoms. There is also an arch presided by a metallic grille inside which you can distinguish a door with persiennes and a rectangular arch also covered with metallic grille. Besides that, on the second floor you can see a balcony with wooden balustrade modulated by pilasters that at the same time support the overhang roof made of corrugated metal sheets. Inside the balcony there are several double doors made of wood with persiennes framed with moldings and crowned with glass transoms. On one end you can also distinguish lattice style windows made of aluminium. In addition, the building has an entablature with continuous cornices and dentils on which you can distinguish an additional smaller level with lattice style windows. This residence was built in 1860 and partially renovated in 1885. It linked to two of the most influential families in the Manatí area, the Brunet family and the Calaf family who contributed greatly to the sugar industry in the island. Despite they were two separate houses, in 1910 they were remodeled and united. Even though it is in ruins, since 1988 it belongs to the National Register of Historic Places.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective from the Santa Bárbara bastion looking towards the main ramp of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. Two stairs flank the ramp, and a tower-shaped sentry box is at one of its lower ends. This sentry box also has rectangular windows or loopholes, dentils, a cornice, and a crenelated parapet. The ramp connects the Santa Bárbara Bastion area with El Morro’s main plaza or square. The fort wall exhibits semicircular openings. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110



Broad view of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The building is shaped like three superimposed rectangles, and in the center of the main facade is an entrance that was previously used as an interior courtyard and garage for receiving guests. On the first level, nine semicircular arches and galleries serve as intermediate transition points, allowing for simultaneous exploration of the interior and exterior spaces. Emphasizing its essential Spanish character, its builders employed ceramic tiles for its sloping roof; arched openings on its first two levels; rows of rectangular glass windows with wood frames on the three upper levels; and terrazzo floors, hydraulic tiles, and ceramic mosaics in its interior, enhancing its distinctive features with heraldic, mythological, and maritime ornamentation that gives the hotel a palatial atmosphere of yesteryear. On either side of the building, at the ends of the first level, are two sections with open arches. Surrounding the building are a walkway at the main entrance and a series of gardens accentuated by trees flanking the building. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

Beneficencia Asylum Building - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00001

Beneficencia Asylum Building - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00001



The old Beneficencia Asylum Building (Asilo de Beneficencia) is located in the Ballajá neighborhood of Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1844 and designed by architect Pedro García and the engineer Santiago Cortijo. The building is representative of the Neoclassical architectural style. It is painted yellow, white, green, and brown. The main facade of the building has two rectilinear pediments, one of which has high relief in its tympanum. The upper part of the main entrance has four pairs of Ionic columns, balconies, and green-colored wooden double-leaf doors with semicircular arches. The lower half has four pairs of white Doric columns with green-colored double-leaf doors and semicircular arches. These columns support an entablature that has an inscription on the metopes. The facade also has extended cornices and green-colored wooden lattice double-leaf windows framed by semicircular arches and white flat moldings. In front of the entrance is a stepped wall with railings. The building is fenced off by metallic grilles supported by various square pillars. The old Beneficencia Asylum Building later on became the headquarters of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture. El Bastión building, built in the 19th century and served as living quarters, storage, and a jail for the Spanish troops, can be partially observed on the left side of the image. The building is painted white and has parapets. The main entrance has brick arches and a relief at the top. Later, it became a self-managed cultural center by the ACirc Association (Asociación de Artistas de Circo y Artes de Calle de Puerto Rico), an association dedicated to the arts. The street where El Morro is located, part of Jardín Paseo de Ballajá, a water fountain, people, automobiles, palms, trees, streetlights, and boundary marker posts are also visible in the image. The San Juan Bay can be seen in the distance, with the mountains and a coast view of the towns of Cataño, Toa Baja, and Guaynabo.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Main facade of the Moregón residential building in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The three-story residential building, built in the 1930s, has an architectural style influenced by the Spanish Renaissance. The complex comprises three main sections with symmetrical and repetitive facades. Each section has a flat roof with a decorative cornice simulating battlements. The walls are painted cream with a textured finish that adds a rustic appearance. Decorative elements include rectangular moldings that frame the windows and doors on the upper levels. Each apartment has a small balcony with a concrete railing of thin vertical columns. The balconies protrude slightly and are covered by Mediterranean-style red tile roofs. The doors are made of white metal with attached vertical ventilation louvers. On the ground floor, large arches stand out at the main entrances, providing a functional and decorative element. The design shows a precise vertical segmentation, with a uniform repetition of architectural elements in the three sections of the building. In front of the building, several spaces are used as parking lots for cars. Following the proliferation of inadequate residences in the US, the Common Interest Housing Act of 1879 was passed, and a type of architectural plan called a ‘dumbbell’ emerged. The name refers to the fact that the body of the building is narrower than its two end facades. This law made it possible for the interior rooms of residential buildings to have windows, most of which open to small, narrow vertical openings in the center. The Moregón Building uses this type of plan as an organizational module for its facades and floor plans. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Bastión de la Derecha de San Justo y Pastor - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00002

Bastión de la Derecha de San Justo y Pastor - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00002



Aerial view of the section of the boundary wall in Old San Juan known as the Bastión de la Derecha de San Justo y Pastor which protected Puerta de San Justo during the Spanish Colonial age. The construction of the Puerta de San Justo was completed in the year 1639. Cobblestone pavers of the Recinto Sur street, a white building that has a balconet with iron railings, a sidewalk, people, planters with flowers in them, and shrubs can be observed. The image displays the upper half of the sentry lookout post, which was built some time between 1766 and 1790. It has a dome, cornices, and a keystone. A water fountain attached to the wall in the Jardín del Paseo de la Princesa can be seen on the right side of the image, as well as some grilles attached to square terracotta-colored pillars. There are two cruise ships docked in port 1 in the Bahía de San Juan. The old José V. Toledo United States Courthouse can be observed, which has traits from several different architectural styles such as: Beaux arts, Federal, and Spanish Colonial Revival. The building was designed by Oscar Wenderoth and is painted cream and terracotta. The building has a roof covered by Spanish tiles and it was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The side façade and one of the towers of the old Ochoa building, which was designed by architect Pedro Adolfo de Castro y Besosa, can be observed in the image.

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00001

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00001



Banco Popular of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1939, designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley, and built by the engineers José Benítez y Gautier, Manuel Miró y Saudí, and Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo. The bank was built where the Banco Territorial y Agrícola of Puerto Rico was originally located during the 19th century. The building is representative of the Art Deco architectural style. It is painted cream and white. It has a curved facade with rectangular glass windows, metal frames, and overhangs at the top. There are also parapets with railings and a sign that reads "Banco Popular." The Finlay building is on the left side of the image, which was located on the site of the former Citibank building and was later home to the Old Harbor Brewery. The building is painted cream and white. The building has moldings, a fluted pilaster, sunshades, windows, and glass doors with metal frames. There is a red and black sign at the top that reads "Harbor Brewery Lobster House." On the right side of the image is the top part of the old American Colonial Bank, which later became the Ponce Credit and Savings Bank. This was the first American bank established in Puerto Rico. It was built in 1899 by contractor Frank Bond Hatch. It is currently known as the Restaurante Triana. It is painted red and white. The Spanish Colonial Revival style influences its architecture, and it has an eave covered by tiles and supported by corbels. There are shrubs, street lights, palm trees, and automobiles throughout the image.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the entrance to the San Felipe del Morro Castle's chapel in San Juan. A lowered arch and a double wooden door accentuate the entrance. This door is integrated into a portico characterized by columns that support an entablature and a semicircular pediment. The pediment displays triglyphs, metopes, and bucrania. The portico is, in turn, flanked by two pilasters that support a cornice crowned with a parapet. Over the pediment, a belfry with a finial is featured. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Low-angle view of the west facade of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. The first floor features a main entrance elevated by steps and a metal railing on the balcony. Partially fluted Corinthian columns stand on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade frame of the entrance portico and feature simple capitals supporting an entablature that runs the length of the facade. The balconies on the first level feature a concrete balustrade repeated on the second level. The third level also features another small balcony supported by thinner columns, a pediment, and a gabled roof. On the second level, wooden windows can be seen, each crowned with rectangular moldings, accentuating a neoclassical-influenced design. The upper cornice includes detailed moldings that follow the entire perimeter of the building, reinforcing the symmetry of the design. The balcony railings feature balusters and ornamental details, which match the columns and moldings, unifying the decorative style. A balcony can be seen on the left side of the facade and on each level. A sign advertising a commercial establishment called "El Ovillo" hangs above the basement entrance door. From that side of the building, another balcony can also be seen at the attic level, located deeper on the north facade. Due to the site's slope, the basement level can be seen on this facade, with metal railings on the balcony. The residence is surrounded by a metal fence of spear-shaped bars and concrete pillars at the corners, placed on a low wall surrounding the property. Scaffolding and vehicles parked in front and beside the building can be seen. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its site and era. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

Beneficencia Asylum Building - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00002

Beneficencia Asylum Building - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00002



The old Beneficencia Asylum Building (Asilo de Beneficencia) is located in the Ballajá neighborhood of Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1844 and designed by architect Pedro García and the engineer Santiago Cortijo. The building is representative of the Neoclassical architectural style. It is painted yellow, white, green, and brown. The main facade of the building has two rectilinear pediments, one of which has high relief in its tympanum. The upper part of the main entrance has four pairs of white Ionic columns, balconies, and green-colored wooden double-leaf doors with semicircular arches. The lower half has four pairs of white Doric columns with green-colored double-leaf doors and semicircular arches. These columns support an entablature that has an inscription on the metopes. The facade also has extended cornices and green-colored wooden lattice double-leaf windows framed by semicircular arches and white flat moldings. In front of the entrance is a stepped wall with railings. The building is fenced off by metallic grilles supported by various square pillars. The old Beneficencia Asylum Building later became the headquarters of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture. Adjacent to the building is the old Insular Madhouse. This building is painted yellow, mustard, and white. It has parapets, quoins, cornices, rectangular windows, and a terracotta-colored lantern crowned by a pinnacle. This building was later known as the School of Arts and Design. The street where El Morro is located, part of Jardín Paseo de Ballajá, a water fountain, people, automobiles, palms, trees, streetlights, and boundary marker posts can be observed on the right side of the image. The Castillo San Felipe del Morro and the glacis can be observed in the distance. The masonry walls, the embrasures, two sentry posts, and a tower can also be observed.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Close-up of the main stained-glass window of the St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. It is a neo-Gothic style window characterized by vertical lines and pointed arches that can be seen at the bottom. It comprises a series of panels joined by thin lines, forming a complex framework. The panels are filled with colored glass, with blue, red, yellow, and green tones predominating. In the center is a cross with a crown, symbolizing Christianity. On either side of the cross, there are two figures: on the left, a human face, and on the right, a dove. These iconographic elements are typical of medieval religious art. The lower panels are decorated with a series of pointed arches that rest on thin columns. Between the arches, there is a scroll with inscriptions. The stained-glass window is a work of art that combines architectural and decorative elements and reflects the community's beliefs to which it belongs. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Perspective of the Julio García Díaz building entrance at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. It has a wooden double-leaf door with panels, and over it is a mullion and a sign in Spanish that reads: "Julio García Díaz Natural Sciences." The portal features an arch with a keystone, moldings, imposts, ornate spandrels, and an intrados that integrate square coffers. The pilasters flanking this portal support a cornice from which rises a parapet ornamented with foliate motifs, shields, and pinnacles. The building's windows are made up of horizontal louver-type slats, and some integrate air conditioning consoles. This building was built in 1936 and exhibits architectural elements characteristic of the Spanish Revival period. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00008

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00008



Lateral view of part of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. At the foreground, you can see a concrete fence with metallic grilles and parked vehicles in the paved street. The building has three floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic style in fortified concrete. The lateral facade is divided in several sections horizontally, the base level and two superior levels. The base level has entrances under semicircular arches framed with moldings. Additionally, the arches are covered by metallic grilles. The second and third level have double wooden doors and windows with rectangular persiennes with flat frames. The doors conduct to a balcony with balustrades supported by decorative brackets. There are balconies of one section with rounded corners and balconies of two rectangular sections. The balconies are flanked by flutted pilasters supported by a continuous cornice and under which there are severa relief lion heads. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King, until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one on incorporating residential and comercial spaces. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences became comercial spaces.

Church of the Holy Trinity - 86002766

Church of the Holy Trinity - 86002766



View of the front facade of the Church of the Holy Trinity, located in the town of Ponce. The church is made of concrete, combining elements of the Neo-Gothic and Spanish Neo-Colonial styles, and follows the typical cruciform plan formed by a double-height nave with a transept just west of the semicircular apse. The facade is rectangular, crowned by a double-arched semicircular bell gable with bells and a cross, flanked by buttresses and a circular window at the height of the second floor. The main entrance has a cubic plan that integrates a semicircular arch with iron railings and a tiled roof in the Spanish style. The walls of this entrance are whitewashed and contrast with the rest of the unpainted walls. A small garden surrounds the building. The Church of the Holy Trinity was initially established in Ponce in 1873 by a group of non-Catholic residents of the Protestant religion after the fall of the Spanish Monarchy and the passing of the Law of Tolerance in Worship. The building was constructed from materials received from England as a gift from Queen Victoria to her English subjects abroad, among these a cast bell bearing the date 1870. In 1874 the monarchy was re-established in Spain, and religious intolerance was reversed, forcing the church to close its doors until July 25, 1898, when American troops entered Ponce. By 1923, the original wooden church had fallen into disrepair, so funds were raised to build the present concrete church, completed in 1926.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



View of the engineer's office north of the Residence of Engineers and Caretakers of the former San Juan Aqueduct. The one-story building is in Spanish colonial style, with simple and functional architectural details. The main facade has three openings, some framed by arched moldings. The central opening corresponds to the main entrance, flanked by two Miami-style windows protected by metal grilles. The foundations and walls made of limestone and brick masonry show deterioration. At the top, a stepped cornice provides an Art Deco-style decorative element, while a simple parapet delimits the flat roof. To the right, an exterior lamp can be seen near the roof, and next to it, the wall of another smaller building. The immediate surroundings combine cracked and poorly maintained pavement with overgrown vegetation. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



A high-angle view of buildings in the Old San Juan Historic District. An urban setting with various architectural styles characteristic of a historic and colonial area stands out. In the center, a building stands out with a yellow-painted facade with white details. This building has a vertical design with narrow wooden and glass windows arranged in symmetrical rows. The upper part includes a decorative detail in the form of eaves with red tiles, while on the lower level, there is a sloping roof made of the same material that protrudes towards the sidewalk. To the left, a lower-rise building has a green facade with white details, balconies decorated with wrought iron railings, and tiled eaves that protrude slightly over the windows. The columns and moldings are simple and give a modest character to the design. To the right is another, more sober, cream-colored building with Neoclassical influences. Each level has balconies with metal railings decorated with intricate patterns. This design is complemented by cornices that mark the transitions between levels. At the top of the buildings, modern elements such as solar panels, satellite antenna systems, and minor structural additions can be seen, contrasting with the traditional style of the historic facades. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Press Building, Stationery and Lithography at the Marina Street in the Old San Juan

Press Building, Stationery and Lithography at the Marina Street in the Old San Juan



Buildings located at the Marina street of the Old San Juan. You can observe building that are located in front a wide street. The building that is in the center is a press and stationery that is painted with white, mustard and terracotta colors, it has on its facade pilasters, cornices, moldings and a green awning on its entrances. One section of the building works as a separate establishment and it is a night club. On its entrance it has a sign that says: "Bay View Host Club". On 1915 this building was a cinemas called Tres Banderas. It is followed by a building that it was an insurance company called Inter-American Insurance Agency, it has dark gray and light gray colors, its windows are glass sash and it has wooden doors. To the left there is the Badrena building, this one has two different shade of gray, has a sign on one of its walls that says: "Dole" with red color. There are rectangular and square openings in which there are persienne glass windows. The one that is located to the far left end is the Ochoa building that has influence of the Neo-renaissance architectonic style, is cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, arches on the first floor facade and mosaic ornament on the capitals of each pilaster. On the surroundings you can see a paved street with concrete, some antennas on some roofs, an alley, sidewalks, barrel containers on top of some wooden plates, power lines, an automobile and trees. Subsequently, this group of buildings next to the Ochoa building they became one building where it has a Caridad pharmacy, the store Ralph Lauren and a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



An outdoor area connecting the personal office/library with the secretarial office of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The office is concrete and features a Modernist/Internationalist architectural style. In the center, a narrow concrete path bordered by vegetation leads to a small brick-paved area, a double wooden door, and a sliding glass door. In the foreground, a side wall with a red device at the top that appears to be an emergency light or an alarm. A lantern-style light made of dark metal and glass hangs from the eaves. In a small dirt space, several flat stones are arranged in an irregular pattern to the left of the path, seemingly forming a path. To the right, a wooden railing with turned balusters demarcates a small staircase, connecting the building to a garden with plants. The house's roof is flat with an overhanging eave. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of the east facade of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The exterior walls of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage show signs of loss of their stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry, representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style. Several openings in the facade and vegetation in the upper part are also noticeable, indicating its abandonment. To the right, part of a small concrete wall can be seen. The immediate surroundings are a vacant lot with grassy areas and exposed soil. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Parish San Miguel Arcángel - Cabo Rojo - 2011 00014

Parish San Miguel Arcángel - Cabo Rojo - 2011 00014



Facade of the Parish San Miguel Arcángel, located in Cabo Rojo. The entrance is compound by a three-centered arch flanked by pilasters that secured a triangular pediment with dentils. The transition to the second level is accentuated by a stringcourse and a pair of cornices elevated by pilasters. Also, it is notable the oculus and the windows with glass windows and with semicircular arch shape. To one end of the second level of the facade it stand out a triangular pediment with dentils crowned with a cross, while on the opposite side it stick out the tower of the church, in whose belfry it shows arches, clocks, moldings and a dome. The parish is surrounded by a fence articulated by a balustrade interrupted by piers with finishes and a gate. At the front part there is a monument with the statue that commemorates the Puerto Rican writer, politician and historian Salvador Brau Asencio. Also, it is visible a van and a light pole. The surfaces of the parish present yellow and light chestnut shades. The Parish San Miguel Arcángel was designated historic monument under the Law Number 150 from June 18, 2004. Its history is linked to the foundation of the town of Cabo Rojo through Royal Order of the king Charles III of Spain from December 17, 1771. Since September 29, 1783 this church is dedicated to the patron of Saint Michael Archangel and two years later initiates the construction of the temple. In this church, in addition, there are the birth certificates of Ramón Emeterio Betances, Salvador Brau Asencio and the legendary pirate Cofresí. In its bicentennial it was plant a guayacan tree next to the square.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



View of the main facade of the Rafael Cordero High School, also known as the Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational Trade School and commonly known as 'La Cordero, ' is in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two stories in a ‘U’ shape with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by the state architect responsible for the construction of important schools on the island, Adrian C. Finlayson, and its construction was carried out by the contractor Antonio Higuera. The upper part of the facade displays an entablature with a smooth architrave that supports a frieze articulated with metopes and coffers with recessed rectangular panels that seem to divide the main volume into two parts. The first level features a series of arches that form a front gallery. All arches have wrought iron railings with a hinged molding made of bricks that have been painted blue, as well as a keystone and imposts that reinforce the central axis of the arches. A sign reading "Aviso" can be attached to the right railing. Above these arches are also raised letters that read "Rafael Cordero Graded School" and several T-shaped appliqués on the spandrel area, aligned with the Tuscan columns of the second floor. The main entrance is elevated from the plaza by several reinforced concrete steps covered with tiles flanked by low concrete walls with flagpoles. To the right of the main entrance is an access ramp with galvanized steel railings that connects to the landing of the stairs to allow access to the main building. The upper level is supported by a row of Tuscan columns interspersed with an ornamental concrete block railing characteristic of the Classical Revival. The use of yellow and blue makes the architectural details stand out, especially in the door and window frames and the ornamental elements. The Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its time in Puerto Rico and retains high historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island where one can see the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property features the features of early 20th-century school buildings while claiming individual distinction.

Building at the Start of the Depósito Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

Building at the Start of the Depósito Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



View towards the beginning of the Depósito street in the neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan. You can observe buildings that have influence of the architectonic styles Neoclassic, Spanish Revival and Neo-renaissance. From a distance you can observe the building San Juan Customs that is painted with pink and it has a pyramid roof with terracotta roofing tiles, glass windows painted with white, moldings and cornices. Also, you can see part of the building of the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo that is painted cream color and it has the shape of a tower with lantern, ornaments on its corners and voussoirs windows. The building has the architectonic influence of the Beaux-arts and the Federal style. The building to the left is painted white, with pilasters, capitals, bases, cornices, moldings, sunrise transoms and transparent ornamental blocks. In front of its facade it has a sign with oval shape with white and red color that says: "Shelvador Crosley Appliances Méndez Electric Corp". The building that it follows is white and brown color with two floors, possess moldings, cornices and doors with rectangular shape, additionally, it has sash windows to the outside made of glass and metal. The two buildings that end on that sidewalk show moldings, cornices and arches. To the right there is the building Sobrino Izquierdo Inc., that is painted with light blue and it has crestings on its roof. Nearby you can see paved streets with asphaltic concrete, sidewalks, power line poles, transformers, an automobile, a person from a distance and trees. Subsequently, this area became an apartment complex and the parking lot called La Puntilla.

665 McKinley Residence - 91001502

665 McKinley Residence - 91001502



View of the 665 McKinley Residence's facade in Miramar, San Juan. This wood and reinforced concrete residence belongs to the vernacular suburban residential typology called Spanish-Creole. It has a gable zinc roof and is raised off the ground by a series of plinths interconnected by diagonal lattice panels, creating a semi-basement level. The main facade has three bays with tongue-and-groove cladding and is articulated by two gables terminating in horizontal cornices and spandrels pierced by triangular openings protected by latticework. The central gable has four Tuscan columns defining the short bay of an "L"-shaped gallery that continues around the east side of the house and supports a gabled roof. The eaves of the central gable serve as a roof for the long bay of an enclosed portico with a railing supported by concrete balusters and an iron railing. Below the smaller gable is a corbeled roof and a four-leaf casement window with its corresponding transoms. In front of the residence are several trees, an ornamental iron and concrete fence, and a parked car with a passenger. In the background is a multi-level building with balconies, awnings, windows, and railings. The 665 McKinley residence was built in 1906 during the transition period of the new system of government on the island as a territory of the United States. New styles and construction methods were introduced, and the face of the Puerto Rican "Creole" vernacular architecture gradually transformed.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



View of the staircase and part of a hallway of the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. In the left foreground is a concrete staircase. The staircase is equipped with a white-painted concrete handrail and leads to the upper and lower levels of the building. Beyond the staircase, a small interior garden area is visible, delimited by a low wall containing green foliage. Above this garden is a line of ornamental blocks that let in light, and above these, several lattice windows. To the right, a partially open metal gate is visible. The hallway is illuminated by artificial light from ceiling lamps and natural light. It has a tile floor with a stepped design in beige and brown tones. A red illuminated exit sign is on the ceiling next to the staircase. The hallway shows signs of wear, such as paint chips, small cracks, and dirt. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Oblique view of the entrance to the chapel inside the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. The entrance features a drop arch and a double-leaf wooden door. This door is integrated into a portico comprised of columns that support an entablature and a semicircular pediment. The pediment exhibits triglyphs, metopes, and bucrania. The porch is flanked by two pilasters that support a cornice crowned with a parapet. A belfry with a finial protrudes over the pediment. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Oblique perspective of the Metropolitan Cathedral Basilica of St. John, located on Cristo Street in the Old San Juan Historic District. The main facade follows the traditional Jesuit model used in Roman churches, particularly the console-type elements, which were very popular in Italy in the 15th Century. Three wooden doors frame the symmetrical pilaster design that divides the space vertically. At the top stands a triangular pediment crowned by a cross, with a small central niche in the form of a semicircular arch. The lateral edges of the facade present ascending lines that end in decorative sculptural figures, emphasizing the ornamental design. The dome and the neo-palladian style barrel vaults that can be seen over the central nave of the Cathedral date from the period between 1849 and 1852. Both are examples of the recovery in the 19th Century of the architectural morphologies and aesthetic ideals of the Cinquecento. Perpendicular to the main entrance is a secondary entrance with a triangular pediment, reinforcing the Neoclassical influence in the design. The building features a smooth exterior finish with a white-painted masonry covering interspersed with details of moldings, cornices, and frames of the openings. A low perimeter wall with concrete columns and balusters surrounds the immediate space, creating a visual separation between the building and the street. The Cathedral, built in 1521, is the oldest Catholic church in Puerto Rico. Five years later, it was destroyed by a storm and slowly rebuilt in 1542. Its history includes additional damage caused by an earthquake in 1615, a fire set by the retreating Dutch in 1625, and a hurricane in 1787. Although it took centuries to complete the present building, rather than detracting from its historical and cultural significance, this prolonged construction period made possible ideas that resulted in an impressive catalog of architectural styles, ranging from Gothic to Neo-Cinquecento expressions. This aesthetic reality significantly increases its cultural and historical importance and architectural merit. On January 25, 1978, it was named a minor basilica by Pope Paul VI and made the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan. It contains the remains of the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León, as well as the martyr Saint Pio, and various ornaments and vestments worn by Pope John Paul II during his visit to Puerto Rico in 1984. The Cathedral is also the National Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Providence, the patron saint of Puerto Rico. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the north side of the facade of the Puerto Rico Medical Arts Building, located in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building, designed by Joseph O’Kelly and built in 1940, features an eclectic style with influences from the Mediterranean Revival. It comprises five levels and a basement, with a symmetrical design and emphasis on verticality. The smooth plaster walls are painted white with decorative red frames. A cornice topped with a decorative balustrade and ornamental pinnacles can be seen on the upper level. The roof has red tiles, reinforcing the colonial influence. The windows on the upper level are semicircular arches, separated by decorative pilasters extending to the upper moldings. On the lower levels, the windows are rectangular, with smaller proportions, and surrounded by simple frames. A prominent element on the facade is the use of moldings and ornaments on the windows of the intermediate floors, which are influenced by Baroque influences, including pediments with scrolls and geometric details. A curtain arch molding frames the main entrance. The building is located in an open urban space, surrounded by buildings and green areas with low bushes and decorative spheres that delimit a plaza and pedestrian space. Over the years, the building was occupied by various entities. In 1990, it was acquired by the Legislative Assembly of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and renamed the Luis Muñoz Marín Building. Due to structural deterioration, the building was rehabilitated and inaugurated in December 2016. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the Great Moat located north of the San Carlos ravelin, looking toward the observation post known as the Caballero de San Miguel inside the Castillo de San Cristóbal in San Juan. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using locally quarried limestone and arsenic blocks, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was for protection and surveillance. Also prominent are the sentry boxes attached to the castle walls with crenelated parapets. A chain-link fence extends at the end of one of the moat's walls. The Caballero rises more than 100 feet above the shoreline and offers a panoramic view of the ocean, the city, and the bay. A signal mast and a small building occupied by the Port Authority provided a communication link between arriving ships and the harbormaster. The San Cristóbal Castle was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the city walls to the north and south. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Linear view of the balcony of the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this building is associated with the development of the modern apartment house of the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes that were beginning to settle in San Juan. This style combines Hispanic and Mediterranean elements, standing out for its wide balconies, decorative arches, concrete ornamentation, and ornamental tiles and glass mosaics. It has two levels of reinforced concrete. A covered balcony can be seen on the second level, overlooking the front street. On the left side, there are two doors with glass panels and white frames, contrasting with the gray tone of the walls. On the right side is a wrought iron railing, which includes simple vertical line motifs; the lower part is composed of a perforated concrete parapet that allows air passage. An upper horizontal beam with inclined contours towards the support columns at each end frames the back and front openings. The ceiling is flat and smooth, with two points for light fixtures with exposed cables. The floor is decorated with native tiles that present repetitive geometric patterns, using floral motifs in light tones, and also includes a border delimited with simpler motifs surrounding the main pattern. In the background, an urban view can be seen with buildings of different styles. One can distinguish a structure with white columns and other facades with graffiti and worn paint, indicating an urban environment with a particular mix of architectural styles. The Gay Pride Community organization, founded in 1974, was the first gay/lesbian attempt created in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for $300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, which became its headquarters and provided free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Garden view with decorative elements and paths at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. In the center, a large ornamental planter can be seen, with a square concrete base and a wooden bench for sitting. This base sits on a brick-paved floor, forming a semicircular area. On the right side, a gravel path bordered by concrete edging leads to other garden elements, including wooden pergolas and more benches scattered throughout the green space. The pergolas have a simple design scattered throughout the garden and blend in with the landscape of tall trees and shrubs. Along the path, there are lampposts with a classic design. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

La Familia Mural - SG100001763

La Familia Mural - SG100001763



An angled view of the mural 'The Family' in front of the Barrio Obrero Multiple Services Center in Santurce, Municipality of San Juan. The Venetian mosaic artwork, commissioned by the San Juan government administration and inaugurated in 1970, was designed and built by one of Puerto Rican muralists, Rafael Ríos Rey. Measuring 22 feet 7 inches long and 11 feet 3 inches high, the work features approximately 90,000 pieces of glass in various colors placed on the Center's main reinforced concrete wall. The artist conceived his work as a standalone object five feet from the building, but in 2015, following a renovation, the mural became a permanent part of the concrete building's facade. The design depicts a family as the central figure, surrounded by fine art, history, and education symbols. Surrounding it, various elements such as a guitar, theater masks, a sentry box, a tree, letters, and human figures symbolize artistic and educational aspects. The mural rises from a low base with a garden area, visually distinguishing it from its surroundings. Ríos Rey used the mural to communicate directly with the local people with a visual message that was understandable to them in a variety of ways, utilizing the artistic language of social realism, as he learned from his early contact with the Mexican muralist movement of the 1930s in New York City. The mural rises from a low base with a garden area, visually distinguishing it from its surroundings. Behind the mural, the building has a modern architectural design, with straight lines and symmetrical shapes. There are a series of glass windows on the upper level with aluminum frames. On the right side, a metal grille with a simple design can be seen, reinforcing the building's contemporary style. On the left side, a low wall with bars and a metal gate delimit the building. 'The Family' was presented to the public in 1970 as part of the inauguration of the government building, whose mission was to provide social services to the families of Barrio Obrero. The mural reflects the building's social purpose by highlighting the family as a central figure, surrounded by images that shape the cultural values ​​that define Puerto Rican society. Also included are images associated with Old San Juan, supported by a mountain of books representing the past and an open, empty book to invite the population to write their new history. In 2017, the mural was severely affected by Hurricane Maria. Of the approximately 120 murals created by Ríos Rey, only seven were executed in Venetian mosaic. Among these extremely limited productions, 'The Family' possesses the highest historical integrity, giving this resource exceptional value.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the triangular room in the warehouse of the old Spanish Navy’s Armory in La Puntilla, San Juan. The door that gives access to this room has a wooden lintel, and a brick stove is visible through it. The surfaces are partially covered with plaster. The floor shows some cracks. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Armory integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Church of the Holy Trinity - 86002766

Church of the Holy Trinity - 86002766



Interior perspective of the nave of Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad, located in the town of Ponce. The church is made of concrete, combining elements of the Neo-Gothic and Spanish Neo-Colonial styles, and follows the typical cruciform plan, formed by a double-height nave with a transept located to the west of the semicircular apse. It features an ornamental railing and circular opening accentuating a choir gallery. The choir gallery is above the main door, exposed by a semicircular arch and a transom flanked by two fans. On the sides, the windows framed in semicircular arches with glass panels between concrete pilasters stand out. The roof is built of wooden beams forming a gabled roof. The interior walls lack any ornaments. The Church of the Holy Trinity was initially established in Ponce in 1873 by a group of non-Catholic residents of the Protestant religion after the fall of the Spanish Monarchy and the passing of the Law of Tolerance in Worship. The building was constructed from materials received from England as a gift from Queen Victoria to her English subjects abroad, among these a cast bell bearing the date 1870. In 1874 the monarchy was re-established in Spain, and religious intolerance was reversed, forcing the church to close its doors until July 25, 1898, when American troops entered Ponce. By 1923, the original wooden church had fallen into disrepair, so funds were raised to build the present concrete church, completed in 1926.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Frontal view of the Treasury Department, also known as the Alejandro Ramirez Mayor's Building, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District of San Juan. The building was built in 1969 by the Public Buildings Authority and designed by the local architect firm Toro-Ferrer. Its style reflects a mix of architectural elements from Art Deco, the International style - reflected in its pilotis-type elevation, and the so-called brutalism aesthetic manifested in the use of exposed reinforced concrete and the prefabricated brise-soleil curtain wall on the facade. Several steps lead up to the main entrance and a series of glass doors and concrete columns. Near the steps, in the front plaza, is a bronze statue by sculptor Rafael López del Campo dedicated to the island's first Mayor, Don Alejandro Ramirez. A metal fence and dense vegetation surround the building area. In the foreground is the bronze bust of Dr. Ramón Mellado Parsons installed on Paseo Covadonga. The Department of the Treasury is the entity responsible for managing public policy related to finances and public resources in Puerto Rico. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the south moat of the El Abanico battery at the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. This features a set of steps in the counterscarp wall providing access to a path behind the glacis wall, as well as a cornice and a corner wall of ashlars. Its construction used cut sandstone blocks with brick facing and vaulting. All walls are plastered. El Abanico is the main unit of the San Cristóbal Castle and owes its name to the equilateral triangular shape it exhibits, similar to a fan. It was built around 1800 and was the last element of the original design of the exterior works of the Castillo de San Cristóbal to be completed. It is surrounded by moats and is accessed by a bridge that provides access to the lower level of the bastion. Two masonry ramps connect this lower level to the gun decks along the exterior faces. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



Gallery on the second floor of Rafael Cordero Secondary School, also known as Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for the construction of major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. A corridor with several arches, grilled openings, and a side door can be seen. The arches have simple blue molding, contrasting with the walls' yellow. In the foreground, an arched opening provides access to a door. The exterior walls have two arched openings, one in the background and one on the left side, protected by vertical metal grilles that allow ventilation and a view to the outside. The floor has a polished concrete finish. On the right side is a wooden door with moldings the same color as the arches. The Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its era in Puerto Rico and maintains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts the distinctive features of early 20th-century school buildings while simultaneously claiming individual distinction.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of a window with an ornamental grille from the ruins of the Spanish Navy’s Old Arsenal, located in La Puntilla in San Juan. The grille comprises several vertical and horizontal bars with scroll-shaped motifs. Some of these bars are broken. The building was built in the 18th Century and was originally made of wood and fibers from royal palms. Still, during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new masonry building. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the Old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium - 13001118

Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium - 13001118



View of the Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium, located in the western sector of Hato Rey, in the municipality of San Juan. This monumental concrete and steel building was designed by architects Orval E. Sifontes and Alexander Papesh of the local firm Pedro A. Miranda y Asociados and inaugurated on October 24, 1962. The stadium and the bronze statue at the entrance are dedicated to Hiram G. Bithorn, the first Puerto Rican baseball player to join the American Major Leagues in the 1940s. The horseshoe-shaped architectural design of the stands, with a capacity for almost 20,000 people, is undoubtedly the stadium's distinctive feature. The rows of prefabricated seats in different colors are arranged fan-likely, widening towards the rear of the stadium, on a precast concrete platform. Several T-shaped concrete support elements, anchored to the concrete foundation, longitudinally provide the primary support for the upper and lower platforms and the roof. These support elements unify the entire structure structurally and aesthetically. The stadium's roof is unique in shape and construction material, as no other baseball park in Puerto Rico has a concrete roof. The accordion-like shape of the roof is formed by a rhythmic sequence of hyperbolic parabolic concrete slabs, with peaks that taper downward at the side of the playing field and upward toward the stadium's exterior. To reduce their weight on the structure, the concrete roof slabs were designed to be very thin, only two and a half inches thick. To provide rigidity, a thicker rib was added to the front and back edges of the curved roof tile. The triangular roof elements, projecting outward, protect spectators from the sun and rain and create a distinctive profile in the stadium's silhouette. Behind the seats, prefabricated, perforated walls that resemble the baseball diamond allow for cross-ventilation. The clubhouse, constructed of steel, concrete, and glass panels to house the press and VIP guests, is suspended from the roof above the stands, just behind the base, without interfering with the public view. Three original light towers are mounted on the rooftop, with vertical metal elements ending in a rectangular frame and metal reflectors. To bring the light closer, the steel towers lean toward the playing field at the same angle as the elements supporting the weight of the grandstand. Tensioned cables are used to stabilize the towers. Players are on the playing field, and fans can be seen in the stands. Additionally, advertising posters can be seen in the lower sections, integrating into the overall design. Hiram Bithorn Stadium was conceived as a multipurpose sports facility and has hosted major events in Puerto Rico. Its mid-20th-century modern design highlights the new architectural trends of that era and an elegant and austere composition that continues to serve Puerto Rico to the fullest.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



Perspective of the Pumping Station of the old San Juan Waterworks historic complex. The station was designed in 1892, following the Spanish colonial architectural style, by the London-based company's consultant, Henry Thomas Granger, and was completed in 1896. The rectangular, one-story building with a gabled roof covered by deteriorating metal sheets was used initially to house coal, boilers, and steam engines. The latter were replaced in 1917 by electric motor pumps. The facade exhibits thick brick and limestone masonry walls, with wide openings corresponding to loading accesses. An octagonal chimney built with bricks and crowned with a Neoclassical cornice stands out to the right. Surrounding it are sedimentation basins, the mechanical and chemical filter station, other auxiliary buildings, and dense vegetation with tall trees in the background. On the left, agricultural machinery and parked vehicles can be seen. This station is the most outstanding in the complex due to its size and engineering work. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, covering approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks, and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

View toward Building 250 - Calle de la Cruz - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2014 00001

View toward Building 250 - Calle de la Cruz - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2014 00001



Building in Calle de la Cruz 250 in Old San Juan. The building has characteristics of the Neoclassical architecture style and is painted pink and white. The façade of the building exhibits deterioration in some areas. The upper half of the building has parapets, cornices, dentils, and a frieze with triglyphs that has an ornamentation in the metopes. There is a balcony supported by brackets, four parapets, eight lattice double doors with fanlights, keystones, and circular openings. The lower half of the façade has three window openings covered by white panels and wooden panels that are framed by three semicircular arches. The walls has several flat moldings in a rectangular shape. Adjacent to this building is another building that is painted red and white. It has parapets, cornices, two balconies with iron balusters and doorways with semicircular arches. Next to this building is another building that is gray and white. It has several parapets, balconies, and balconets with iron balusters supported by brackets. There is a partially visible building on the right side of the image that is painted yellow and white, has cornices, parapets, a balconet with lattice double doors, and flat moldings. There are people, a sidewalk, automobiles, and a street in front of the buildings. There is a wall with three rectangular openings, two of which are covered by white panels and one with a wooden panel that is framed by white-colored semicircular arches. The wall has a sign with the number 250. The upper half of the openings has four ornamented brackets that are supported by four braces. There are also rectangular moldings and a sidewalk.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



A bird's-eye view of the interior staircase of Rafael Cordero High School, also known as Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. The building features identical staircases on either side of the entrance hallway leading to the second floor. The treads and risers are covered with terracotta tiles arranged in a traditional grid pattern, while the landing area on the first level is covered with two sizes of tiles arranged in a continuous grid and interlock pattern. Each step has a slightly raised edge for increased traction. Topped with a pyramidal concrete cap and coated with blue paint, a continuous concrete railing rises to the second floor, showing signs of wear. The adjacent walls are finished with smooth yellow siding but lack ornamental details. The baseboards are painted blue. Horizontal handrails are attached to the wall for additional support. The design of the space is rectilinear, with simple lines and predominant right angles. The Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its time in Puerto Rico and retains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts distinctive characteristics of early 20th-century school buildings while claiming individual distinction.

Intersection of Comercio Street with Cross Street in the Old San Juan

Intersection of Comercio Street with Cross Street in the Old San Juan



Buildings at the Comercio street intersection with the Cross street in the Old San Juan. You observe a wide paved street with cobblestones, it has automobiles parked in front buildings and moving buses getting passengers. At the background there is the building Antiguo Correo y la Corte Federal José V. Toledo that has influence of architectonic movements like Beaux-arts, Federal style and the Spanish Renaissance. Is built on concrete and limestone, it has cream and gray colors, part of its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and other part has the aspect of a tower with roof extensions in the shape of lantern. Its doors and windows are formed by voussoirs covered with green grilles. There are other buildings to the left, starting with the Ochoa building that is cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, antennas on its roof, arches on the first floor facade, and mosaic ornaments in the capitals of each pilaster. The following building is known as the Badrena building, it has four floors, is painted with color gray and its windows are glass persiennes. On its roof it has an establishment sign that says: "Lippit & Simonpietri Inc Seguros y Finanzas" (Lippit & Simonpietri Inc Insurances y Finances), and there is another on the wall that says: "Dole" in red color. The edification with gray and mustard colors next to it, is a press and stationery, it has arches, pilasters and moldings. The windows and door are made of wood. In 1915 this stationery was a cinema called Tres Banderas. The building that is further to the left it has dark gray, light gray and white, it has glass windows and an establishment sign with red letters that says: "Inter-American Insurance Agency". Additionally, there is a green kiosk, power line poles, a trashcan and trees. Subsequently, this group of adjacent buildings became one building, in which there are a Caridad pharmacy, the store Polo Ralph Lauren and a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the linear fountain in the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, the central promenade, plaza, and north promenade were paved with granite, and this rectangular black granite fountain with a modern and minimalist design was also added. A water channel runs at a lower level along the fountain's central axis. This channel divides the granite walkway into two symmetrical sections. The path is flanked by modern benches placed at regular intervals made of horizontal wood boards on a metal support. Along the route, there are lampposts, low hedges delimiting the garden areas, and a variety of trees whose branches extend over the walkway. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Perspective of the main pedestrian walkway at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted. This central walkway, the plaza, and the north walkway were paved with granite, and a rectangular black granite fountain with a modern and minimalist design was also added. In the foreground, the granite slab pattern is interrupted by an area with a floral mosaic. A raised concrete border demarcates the pedestrian area from the green space on both sides of the path. Along the route, concrete and stone benches are arranged at regular intervals. Metal lampposts of simple and classic design, with bell-shaped pendant lamps, are distributed symmetrically on both sides of the path. Between the benches are metal trash cans of a basic design placed on concrete bases. Along the route, there are green areas with tall trees whose branches extend over the path, forming a natural canopy. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both.

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters – 14001135

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters – 14001135



Low-angle side view of a portico at the main entrance of Villa Victoria, also known as the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) headquarters in San Juan. Originally built as a family residence, the house is made of wood, masonry, and concrete, a single-story home with a raised basement, and is in the French Colonial style. The portico is supported by six slender wrought iron columns or colonnettes supporting a gently sloping, finished gable roof. At the top, a cornice adds an ornamental detail to the eaves. Tall wooden door frames flank the main door and feature decorative blocks mimicking columns on both sides, providing symmetry to the entrance. The frames of each door have a decorative turquoise molding. The portico features wrought iron railings, with a design of scrolls and curves that complement the ornate style of the façade. Various plants and shrubs adorn the area in front of the building. Villa Victoria is one of the few remaining homes that predate the expansion and development boom in Santurce and the residential area of ​​Miramar, and it is one of the oldest. Although the architectural elements suggest a possible 19th-century construction, no documents dating before 1903 have been found, nor has there been any record of the architect in charge of the design. After passing through several owners, it was acquired by the YWCA in 1955, becoming the headquarters of a vital institution in women's empowerment in Puerto Rico. Although the building has undergone several renovations throughout its existence, its architectural character and composition remain intact, making it an excellent example of fin-de-siècle buildings.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective from the San Felipe del Morro Castle towards the San Antonio bastion, the Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery, the community of La Perla, and the San Cristóbal Castle, all located on the northern coast of San Juan. A sentry box with a dome and the crenelated wall parapet stand out next to the area of ​​the bastion of San Antonio. Also visible is a building that served as a gunpowder depot or magazine and a swimming pool that was part of the facilities of Fort Brooke in San Juan. The chapel on the right side has a circular floor plan, semicircular arches, a dome, and a lantern, and bears the same name as the Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery. At the foot of the city wall are seen the houses of the community of La Perla, while on the opposite side, the buildings of Old San Juan stand out. In the background, the San Cristóbal Castle, which forms the inner line of defense that guards the land area, is connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the walls extending north and south of the city. This fortification was built under the Spanish colonial regime in 1539 and consists of six levels facing the Atlantic Ocean. Its strategic location delimits the entrance to the bay of San Juan and one of the most prominent ports in the Caribbean. It was built essentially with walls from local quarry sandstone, vaults and pillars of brick and sand, and earth filling between the shelves of the walls; all exposed surfaces, inside and out, were originally made of plaster. Its last major remodeling was carried out during the 1780s when it was transformed from a medieval tower into a thick-walled masonry fortress capable of resisting the impact of cannonballs. Additional extensions made with concrete were built in the late 19th Century during the First and Second World Wars. That is when El Morro was used as a viewing point by the United States Army, known as Fort Brooke, and several facilities were built on its grounds, such as a swimming pool, a golf course, a cinema, and soldiers' housing. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Partial view of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence kitchen, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete home with a Modernist/International architectural style. There is no evidence of plans or a known original construction date. The focal point is a corner with kitchen cabinets in yellow and brown tones that reflect a mid-20th-century style. The countertop space is limited and partially covered with decorations, kitchen items, and religious figures. Several statues of saints and oil lamps also hang above the cabinets. A double-paned window with wood frames overlooks the garden, and a wall of hanging kitchen utensils is adjacent to it. To the left of the cabinets is an antique electric stove with exposed burners and analog controls. The floor is covered with terracotta hydraulic tiles, whose color and texture add a rustic element to the dining room. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Casa Cautiño - 84003137

Casa Cautiño - 84003137



Front view of Casa Cautiño in the town of Guayama. The single-level Neoclassical-style house is made of masonry and wooden beams. The wooden double-leaf doors and windows have lattice-style slats covered by ornamental iron grilles. As an ornamental element on the upper section, a masonry cornice and a parapet supports decorative masonry flowerpots. A portico is supported in the front by six thin wrought iron columns bordered with ornamental details. An ornamental iron railing borders the space between the columns. The portico is finished with an uninterrupted masonry cornice with continuous moldings on its borders. The front facade has five openings under semicircular arches flanked by fluted pilasters. The doors are crowned with sunrise transoms, and reliefs with floral motifs and garlands are seen between each opening. Also visible is a sign in Spanish that reads: "This property is being restored by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture and sponsored by the Municipal Administration directed by Hon. Miguel Díaz Tirado," and a car parked on the street in front of the building. To the far left is the Charles W. Drees Methodist Church. Casa Cautiño was built in 1887 by the architect Manuel Texidor. It's been used as a home, an Insular House, and headquarters for the U.S. Forces. In 1969, the house was remodeled by architect Frank Molther, who respected its original design and reproduced the same style. But in 1979, the house became the property of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which restored it and turned it into the Casa Cautiño Museum.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a gazebo at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, and the plaza and several paths around the park were paved with granite. As a focal point, it features a circular gazebo raised on a base surrounded by a carefully pruned, three-tiered hedge. The design is characterized by a conical roof made of wood, culminating in a small spherical pinnacle at the top. The roof is supported by cylindrical columns arranged equidistantly around the perimeter. These columns are thin and smooth and also made of wood. It is surrounded by a paved platform, delimited by the hedge that forms a natural barrier, maintaining a relationship with the landscape. Around the gazebo are metal lampposts with bell-shaped lamps. The design follows a minimalist style, prioritizing integration with nature. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the entrance to the spiral staircase that connects the Santa Barbara bastion and the lower courtyard of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. The entrance has a rectangular opening with stone padding around it, crowned with a cornice and a dome. In the background, one can see one of the limestone and arsenic walls obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, whose main function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the entrance to the Tejeda bastion, seen from the Carmen bastion at the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle, a rectangular opening with an iron gate integrated into the crenelated parapet of the fort is visible. The rotation rails of the old cannons can also be seen, and the Atlantic Ocean stands out in the background. The walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Town Hall - 85003046

Town Hall - 85003046



The Town Hall, also known as the City Hall of the coastal town of Mayagüez, is an imposing two-level building in a Neoclassical style made of reinforced concrete. Its front facade can be observed from the Cristóbal Colón Plaza, decorated with flat Corinthian columns and pilasters extending to the second level, dividing the building into several sections. An entablature with cornices, mutules, and dentils unites the building horizontally, while on the ground floor, double-leaf wooden and glass windows stand out under framed semicircular arches. On the second level, the windows rest on solid, flat railings between the pilasters. A three-section portico protrudes from the building, supported by six Corinthian columns that hold a triangular pediment decorated in the center with a recessed oculus. Three arched wooden double-leaf doors lead to the interior of the building, while on the second level, three rectangular wooden and glass double-leaf doors give access to balconies with concrete railings. It is topped with an imposing clock tower, which displays sets of double Corinthian columns at each end and crowned with a copper vaulted roof, a lantern, and a pinnacle. The Town Hall was originally built in 1845 following the Spanish model established in the Laws of the Indies, but it was built again in 1926 by architects Rafael Carmoega Morales, Antonio S. Burés, and Fidel Sevillano Espinosa after being destroyed by the 1918 earthquake. The new building, in Neoclassical style, emulated the North American model of a City Hall.

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289



Side view of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The four-lane, concrete Highway #18191 that replaced the bridge in 1985 can be seen in the front. The single-span, two-lane vehicle-carrying Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge rests on concrete abutments and crosses over the Río Grande de Loíza. It features triangular truss patterns and a full-length metal railing. In the foreground, the roadway is visible with a center divider adorned with ornamental potted plants, and several vehicles are visible in the background. It is lined with streetlights, and a pedestrian can be seen walking towards the bridge. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Highways and Transportation Authority proposed demolishing the bridge, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historical monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002-2004 restoration project. The missing steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801-2001). Although the integrity of the surroundings was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and access spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



A low-angle view of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje's dome, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows the interior walls with the loss of their stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. The dome, which rests on a squinch, has a small circular opening at the top (oculus) with exposed bricks at its edge due to deterioration, and a small square opening on its north side, possibly for ventilation. It is 15 feet wide at its base and is not visible from the outside due to the dense foliage growing in the surrounding area. Some roots can be seen rising through the roof. The dome shows several cracks and moisture stains reflecting its neglect. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Hacienda La Esperanza - Manatí - 2015 00001

Hacienda La Esperanza - Manatí - 2015 00001



Distance view of the chimney from the Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, located in the coastal town of Manatí. At the foreground, you can see the balustrade and the stair handrail on the entrance of the main house. Besides that, in the distance there is the chimney made of brick masonry with square base supported with metallic scaffolding. On the chimney base you can also distinguish a wall in ruins made of brick masonry with a continuous entablature, supported by scaffolds. In addition, on the surroundings there are barricades and an adjacent construction. The Hacienda La Esperanza was built in 1820 as a property of José Ramón Fernández, Marquis of La Esperanza, who was the largest slave owner in the island in 1873. His production was mainly about the molasses, sugar and rum. Throughout the years they have developed archeological studies in the area that determined it is the first archeological place in the north area of the island that presents a cultural chronology that indicates three cultural phases. It was also determined that it is the first ceremonial centre from the coast in the Antilles and that is the first archeological place in the in the island that we have historical references. It was acquired by the Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico in 1975 and a year later, in 1976, it was included in the National Register of Historic Places. Years later, in 1987 was designated as a natural reserve and in 2010 was reopened to the public.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Perspective of the second-floor exterior columns of the Román Baldorioty de Castro building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The Solomonic columns rise on plinths and are crowned with capitals comprised of a necking followed by crowns of acanthus leaves, volutes, egg-and-dart motifs, and a flower on the abacus. These columns are interrupted by a railing. Also visible is the archway that runs parallel to the hallway. These arches are supported by mullions with capitals that integrate elements similar to those in the Solomonic columns, such as acanthus leaves and volutes. The floor on this level is made of terrazzo. In this area, a water fountain attached to the wall is also visible, and through the columns, you can see the brick-tiled roof of the building in the background. The Román Baldorioty de Castro building is part of the University of Puerto Rico Quadrangle and exhibits architectural elements of the Plateresque style that represent the Hispanic tradition. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Following the Plateresque architectural design, the complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a historic monument at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The statue honoring Luis Muñoz Rivera, made of bronze, stands on a pedestal composed of a large, unpolished natural rock, which contrasts the figure's smooth surface. The rock bears an inscription that reads: "Luis Muñoz Rivera." The pedestal rests on an angled, rectangular concrete platform with three stepped levels. The central sculpture represents a standing human figure with one arm raised and the other extended. Behind the monument are semicircular stairs with walls at both ends. In the background is the Peace Pavilion, a contemporary-style building with modern influences. The facade features tall, white, cylindrical columns supporting a horizontal pergola and a semicircular roof open at both corners. The stair landing features several metal and wood chairs. The facade features a horizontal line of small, decorative openings at the top, each decorated with metal grilles. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Facade of the University of Puerto Rico’s Theater at the Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The entrance features a staircase, a double-height arch crowned with a parapet, and columns that rise on pedestals, displaying polychrome terracotta ornamentation. On both sides of the entrance are arcades supported by Solomonic columns. Also visible at the top of this facade are a pair of windows and an ornamental band that extends over them. On the first level are several double-leaf doors and windows that integrate grilles and moldings. A hanging lamp is also visible through the double-height arch. In front of the theater are several planters, a trash can, and a garland of light bulbs. The University of Puerto Rico’s Theater exhibits architectural elements of the Plateresque style and is also located on the Quadrangle, opposite the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414



View of the office and work area at Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's residence, also known as Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's Residence and Library, in the affluent urban environment of Condado in San Juan. The house was built in 1940 and exhibits a sober Spanish Renaissance style. The area displays items belonging to Dr. Meléndez Ramírez, such as her library, desks, typewriter, diplomas, medals, personal photos, and official photos depicting moments of public recognition. The walls are smooth and painted cream, with several framed pictures symmetrically arranged on the left wall. In the center of the left wall is a classic-style sofa with turned wooden legs, upholstered in a striped design and floral motifs. To the right and in the background are wooden shelves filled with books. In the center, a low desk, also made of wood, contains books and a decorative table lamp. In the background, there is a window with white-painted wooden shutters. The floor is covered with brown native tiles. On the right wall is a small table with a dark surface, supported by thin, curved legs. A fluorescent lamp is installed on the ceiling, providing functional lighting. This property was the residence and workplace of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez, one of the most prominent female voices of the Generation of Thirty, a middle-class Creole literary movement of the 1930s that, in response to U.S. control over the island, shaped Puerto Rican cultural identity. She was co-founder of the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Puerto Rico and achieved international recognition for her in-depth critical essays and studies of Puerto Rican and Latin American literature. She died in 1983, leaving the house in her will to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which converted it into a library in the 1990s.

Rum Pilot Plant - 10000501

Rum Pilot Plant - 10000501



Main facade of the Rum Pilot Plant, located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Río Piedras, Municipality of San Juan. The plant was designed by engineer Jacinto Galib and inaugurated in 1953 as part of a state effort to improve the island's rum industry. The building has a rectangular, three-story, reinforced concrete floor plan and a six-story tower in the International architectural style. The tower is covered with red brick blocks and has rectangular windows in vertical rows, each equipped with metal shutters. The upper part has a partial roof supported by metal columns. The first level has metal shutters, while the second and third levels have metal shutters and glass. The windows have simple eaves and moldings. Several windows on the third level have a square opening at the bottom. In the upper right part of the building are a series of parallel, projecting walls, with two shutters between them, and a small railing that suggests the area is a terrace. The building bears a sign that reads: "Estación Experimental Agrícola, UPR, Planta Piloto de Ron" and is surrounded by vegetation. The Rum Pilot Plant produced 150 gallons of rum daily and allowed for studies on all aspects of rum manufacturing. After World War II, demand for Puerto Rican rum in the United States increased significantly, leading to production problems. In response, the government implemented the Mature Spirits Law in 1948, which required a minimum of one year of aging and triple rum distillation in charred white oak barrels. These laws, still in effect today, made Puerto Rican rum the only one with a government-regulated quality standard. A government-sponsored rum research program was also established and administered directly by the University of Puerto Rico. Under the direction of President Jaime Benítez Rexach, the university received a government grant of $500,000 and founded the Rum Pilot Plant. For nearly 40 years of operation, the facility became an essential resource for the industry, providing free advice and services to local distilleries before closing in 1990.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the concrete bunker of the San Cristóbal Castle in the foreground, with San Felipe del Morro Castle and the Atlantic Ocean in the background. This bunker was an observation post added to the castle during World War II. The castle wall features a crenelated parapet of sandstone blocks, bricks, and plastered surfaces. Also seen are the sentry box of San Sebastián Bastion, the houses of La Perla community, the chapel of Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery, and in the background, the Fort Brooke’s barrack in front of San Felipe del Morro Castle with its distinctive lighthouse. The San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

View Towards the Entrance of the Puntilla Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

View Towards the Entrance of the Puntilla Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



View towards the start of the Puntilla street in the neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan. You can observe the entrance of the street with adjacent buildings that have influence of the architectonic styles like the Spanish Revival, Neo-renaissance and Neoclassic. At the background there is the Customs building painted with pink, it has a hipped roof with terracotta roofing tiled, arches, coat of arms, friezes, consoles, spirals, coupled windows, designs with the foliage shape, pilasters, capitals, sunrise transoms, windows with metal and glass, awnings, green grilles, garage doors and wall lamps. To the right you can observe part of the building Old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy with a small bordering wall and a grass area. To the left there is a pink and white building that has a chamfered wall, stucco treatment on its walls, and balconets with steel balustrades. The next building to the left it painted with dark gray, possess pilasters, moldings, cornices, an establishment sign, sunset transoms and is built in masonry. From a distance you are able to see at the top of the Popular Bank building and one of the towers with lanterns of the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo. Nearby you can observe a truck parked, paved streets with asphaltic concrete, sidewalks, power line poles and street lights. Subsequently, some buildings of this area became an apartment complex and the parking lot La Puntilla.

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507



View of the Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 meeting room, also known as the Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico, or House of Souls, located in Santurce, a sector in the Municipality of San Juan. The three-story concrete building was designed by Luis F. Delgado and Juan Rivera Paris and built in 1928 using volunteer labor from followers of the spiritualist philosophical thought in Puerto Rico. The building's first cornerstone was laid on November 29, 1926. The hall has a simple and functional design, with smooth white walls and a blue tile border at the bottom. The use of posts and beams to build the structure not only facilitated its construction but also allowed for the use of wide spans in the interior spaces. The roof is flat and of moderate height, with visible crossbeams, creating a series of strips that divide the ceiling into rectangular sections. On the left side of the hall, there are three rows of glass blocks at the top of the wall and a blackboard on a metal base. On the far right, a hallway with a series of openings and doors can be seen, as well as a wall with the name "Museo Balbino Vázquez" inscribed in simple letters. At the far end of the room, a blackboard is mounted on a metal base, and a sign with a human figure is attached to the wall. The opening at the far end has an arched design, adding a traditional-style detail to an otherwise austere space. The floor finish in the main space is cement tiles with a blue and white star motif and a continuous border. A fluorescent light fixture and a fan hang from the ceiling. The furniture consists of rows of metal folding chairs. The building is on the same land where Mr. Balbino Vázquez and his wife, María Cruz Carpintero, founded the Spiritualist Center in 1910. Both were mediums and used their residence to hold meetings. In 1922, they added a wooden meeting room with a capacity of 300 people and named it the House of Souls. Spiritism, a philosophical movement that spread throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin America in the 19th Century, originates in the thought of Allan Kardec, and its fundamental principles combine philosophy and science. It had particular appeal among middle-class professionals, who considered it progressive. The first Spiritualist centers in Puerto Rico emerged in the 1870s. Mr. Vázquez, a carpenter responsible for the Center's construction, died in 1937. His will and public document specified that the building and land would be administered by the Board of Directors of the Grand Lodge and that the building would not be used for any purpose other than its original purpose. Should the Grand Lodge cease its functions, the building would pass into the hands of the Puerto Rican government, which could only use it for charitable or educational purposes. Fortunately, none of these stipulations have ever been necessary, as the Grand Lodge, a non-profit organization, has continued to function as a community study center and promoter of the philosophical positions of the Spiritualist Doctrine from its founding to the present. The building has been preserved with structural integrity, serving as a lasting symbol of Puerto Rico's social and cultural history in the 20th Century.

Building of the Inter-American Insurance Agency in the Comercio Street of the Old San Juan

Building of the Inter-American Insurance Agency in the Comercio Street of the Old San Juan



Building of the insurance company Inter-American Insurance Agency in the Comercio street of the Old San Juan. You can see a wide street that is paved with cobblestones and it has several buildings around. The edifice in the center it has the colors dark gray, light gray and white, it has glass windows with the shape of sash and an establishment sign with red letters that says: "Inter-American Insurance Agency". To its right side there is a building that is a night club called Bay View Host Club, it has the colors cream and green with pilasters and moldings. In 1915 the same building was a cinema called Tres Banderas. To the left there is a station for car services that is part of the automobiles distribution company Adrián Nelson, Inc. It is color dark gray with white and it has the architectonic influence of the Neo-renaissance with arches and doors decorated with quoins, moldings and patera. Additionally, you can see a small size dark green and terracotta cafeteria. It has an establishment sign on the roof that says the name of the cafeteria "El bosquecito" and promotes the soda Crush of orange flavor. Around it there are power line, antennas on the roofs, a flagpole with the flag of the United States, a ramp to up to the street and trees. Subsequently, this group of buildings adjacent to the Ochoa building became only one building in which there is a Caridad pharmacy, the store Polo Ralph Lauren and a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



View of a niche, originally a drinking fountain, at Rafael Cordero High School, also known as the Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. Recessed drinking fountains were installed along the secondary hallways of the school in niches like the one seen, although they are no longer in use. This niche consists of a low arch at the top, outlined by a painted frame highlighting its shape, and a base functioning as a ledge. The wall and niche are concrete and have a rough-textured finish. The floor has a polished concrete finish. Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its era in Puerto Rico and maintains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts the distinctive features of early 20th-century school buildings while simultaneously claiming individual distinction.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of several residential buildings on Muñoz Rivera Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District of San Juan. The historic buildings along Muñoz Rivera Avenue fall into two categories: residential buildings dating from the 1920s and 1930s and ample civic examples built during the first half of the 20th century. The residential building on the left of the street is a three-story building in Colonial and Neoclassical style. The facade is light blue with cream-colored details, and there are overhanging balconies with concrete railings and decorative corbels, creating a repeating pattern along the building. The balcony covers have slightly overhanging, sloping, red-tiled roofs. The windows are rectangular and evenly spaced. On the ground floor, arched doors with wooden details are seen, while on the left side, there is an entrance with a tall metal gate and a pronounced arch. The front sidewalk is adorned with low shrubs and plants, adding greenery to the urban environment. In the background, other buildings of different heights and colors can be seen. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a gazebo inside Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Valines enlisted the services of local artisan and sculptor Victor Cott to design and build the park's gazebos, benches, fountains, and trellises. The gazebo provides shade and a quiet space to sit and enjoy the park. Both the gazebo and the bench in the foreground were constructed of molded cement over a wire and mesh structure that mimics wood. The gazebo's vertical pillars, each formed from a series of logs, create a rustic yet functional design. At the top, crossed trunks connect the pillars and climbing plants. Below the arch, a concrete seat can be seen. The floor is composed of irregularly shaped stones arranged to create a path that follows the curves of the space. To the left, a low concrete wall delimits a garden area. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the playground at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. In the late 1940s, a park section was permanently converted into a children's playground filled with sand from Escambrón Beach. Later, in 2003, architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni intervened in the park's design, adding new elements, including a complete renovation of the playground area. In the foreground, a large tree with long, thick branches and sparse foliage can be seen, surrounded by a circular stone base. Around the base are benches, creating resting spaces in areas defined by stone paths. These paths are delineated by concrete borders, separating the grass from the paved areas. Several lampposts line this walkway. In the background, you can see a children's playground with brightly colored wooden playhouses and swings on a cement floor. The area is surrounded by lush vegetation. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the Isabel II Bastion ruins in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The bastion, whose construction dates between 1777 and 1783, was part of the second defensive line of the Islet of San Juan and exemplifies the oldest architectural expression preserved in the Historic District. After the military attack on the island by the English in 1797, it was reinforced with masonry. Its use and location within the urban core, designed by an army master plan, represents a late Renaissance/early Baroque approach. A set of walls built with irregular stones joined by mortar and staggered can be seen. The upper surface of the walls is flat, with vegetation that has grown on top of and around them, blending in with the landscape. In the immediate surroundings are several palm trees with tall, thin trunks. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



A high-angle view of Plaza de Armas in the Old San Juan Historic District. A cluster of buildings in various styles are located around the tree-lined plaza, founded in 1521 and considered the heart of Old San Juan since the 17th Century. In the plaza's center, hidden among the trees, part of a kiosk with a greenish octagonal roof topped with a small metal dome can be seen. The wall on the right, facing San Francisco Street, belongs to San Juan's City Hall. The giant trees provide a park-like atmosphere in keeping with the landscaping ideals of the Picturesque and City Beautiful Movements, American urban planning, and architectural reform philosophies that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s to introduce beautification and monumental grandeur to cities. This was a departure from the norm, as all plazas in Old San Juan originally followed the European tradition and lacked vegetation. In 1992, the plaza was restored to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Discovery of America. Three tall buildings from the early 20th Century can be seen to the left. The first, known as the González Padín building, is inspired by the Chicago School and housed one of the first department stores in the city center and on the island, as well as offices. The use of reinforced concrete and its rectangular windows with simple frames separated by pilasters confirm the typological and morphological precedents of the American Midwest. Next to it is the Plaza building, one of the first apartment buildings built in the center, which exhibits a Mediterranean Renaissance style. And to its right, on the corner, is a commercial building from the early 1930s designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly. In the background, painted light blue and white, is the building of the former Provincial Council, Puerto Rico's representative body before the Spanish Parliament in the 19th century. Originally designed as a market, the three-story building is distinguished by its elegant architectural lines, dramatic interiors, and wrought iron railings bearing the letters “DP.” The upper part is decorated with a classical entablature that includes a prominent cornice and a simple frieze, and the main entrance features arches supported by decorative columns. In 1984, it was the headquarters of the Puerto Rico State Department and was later converted into a hotel. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

La Familia Mural - SG100001763

La Familia Mural - SG100001763



View of the mural 'The Family' in front of the Barrio Obrero Multiple Services Center in Santurce, Municipality of San Juan. The Venetian mosaic artwork, commissioned by the San Juan government administration and inaugurated in 1970, was designed and built by one of Puerto Rican muralists, Rafael Ríos Rey. The work measures 22 feet 7 inches long and 11 feet 3 inches high and consists of approximately 90,000 pieces of glass in various colors placed on the Center's main reinforced concrete wall. The artist conceived his work as a standalone object five feet from the building, but in 2015, following a remodel, the mural became a permanent part of the concrete building's facade. The design depicts a family as the central figure, surrounded by fine art, history, and education symbols. Surrounding it, various elements such as a guitar, theater masks, a sentry box, a tree, letters, and human figures symbolize artistic and educational aspects. The mural rises from a low base with a garden area, visually distinguishing it from its surroundings. Ríos Rey used the mural to communicate directly with the local people with a visual message that was understandable in various ways, utilizing the artistic language of social realism, as he learned from his early contact with the Mexican muralist movement of the 1930s in New York City. In the background, on the upper level of the building, there are a series of metal louvered windows. On the lower level, there are iron gates with a simple geometric pattern. 'The Family' was presented to the public in 1970 as part of the inauguration of the government building, whose mission was to provide social services to families in the Barrio Obrero neighborhood. The mural reflects the social purpose of the building by highlighting the family as the central figure, surrounded by images that shape the cultural values ​​that define Puerto Rican society. Also included are images associated with Old San Juan, supported by a mountain of books representing the past and an open, empty book inviting the population to write their new history. In 2017, the mural was severely affected by Hurricane Maria. Of the approximately 120 murals created by Ríos Rey, only seven were executed in Venetian mosaic. Among these extremely limited productions, 'The Family' possesses the highest historical integrity, giving this resource exceptional value.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



High-angle view of La Barandilla Plaza and the former Román Baldorioty de Castro Technical School in the Old San Juan Historic District. The design of the curved staircase called La Barandilla dates back to 1870 and was built to cover the unevenness of the area between the Plaza de San Francisco and Luna Street. To the right, on what was originally the site of the former San Francisco Convent, is the building of the former Román Baldorioty de Castro Technical School, built in 1918 and one of the first American public schools in the district. In 1966, the school became the headquarters of the Carlos Albizu University. This monumental neo-Palladian concrete building is characterized by its symmetry, clean lines, and classical elements. The facade features an open loggia-type portico characteristic of the Palladian style, composed of Doric columns framed by two pavilions crowned with triangular pediments and vertical rectangular windows. A wide Doric frieze, with roundels inserted in its metopes, surrounds the T-shaped building. Neo-Roman-style concrete balustrades can also be seen on the balconies of the second and third levels of the building. In front of the school, delimited by rectangular concrete planters with small trees, there is vehicular access with parking and the Barandilla Plaza. Another group of concrete steps at the bottom of the plaza connects the different levels of the property. To the left and in the background are facades of buildings with colonial influences, characterized by wrought iron balconies and colorful fronts with decorative moldings. To the left is part of the Tanca Street road extension with parked cars. La Barandilla is an example of the adaptation of Old San Juan to the urban concepts of the 19th Century. Although small, the promenade-style area with trees framing the public staircase with baroque curves shows aesthetic influences of the baroque of the Second European Empire. In 1918, the original steps and railing were buried under a section of Tanca Street when it was extended northward. The steps were eventually recovered, but never the railing. During the 1950s, televisions were placed in the plaza for the enjoyment of area residents, making it the only such space within the defensive circuit. In 2011, the new plaza was inaugurated featuring concrete stairs, an elaborate bronze railing, iron lanterns, benches, and concrete trash containers throughout the promenade. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Front view of the Teachers' Temple portico in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The two-story concrete building maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, it combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style on the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The entrance is flanked by two Corinthian columns rising to an entablature decorated with ornate capitals, scrolls, and high-relief floral details. The bases of the columns show wear, highlighting the building's age. The entablature above the columns features carved geometric moldings that encircle the entire upper portion of the portico. In the center of the entablature, a lobed arch with moldings in a Moorish style can be seen. The center door is larger than the side doors, all made of wood, with some decorative details, and noticeably deteriorated. It has a raised molding, a geometric pattern at the bottom, and is framed by a frieze with carved floral motifs. This frieze displays stone or stucco work, with decorations in the form of leaves, scrolls, and urns. Above the main door is a metal medallion that reads: "Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Tribunal General de Justicia." On either side of the medallion are two small sculpted urns, adding symmetry to the facade. Above the doors are three rectangular windows with arches that continue the decorative style. The paint on the walls shows signs of wear, with staining and discoloration. The entrance floor is covered with flagstones in a large checkered pattern, alternating between shades of green and yellow. The flagstones are evenly arranged and show signs of wear. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Detail of the main building tower of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The Historic District includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the facility, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. Part of a tower of predominantly eclectic architecture can be seen, which contrasts with the simplicity of the rest of the building. The upper part exhibits arched openings and rectangular panels covered with blue and white ceramic tiles. The openings are framed by thick arched frames and covered with blue and white square tiles, while the lower portions have similar tiles but with a different pattern. An arched string molding separates the tympanum stringers. Two corbels support the tympanum lintel, giving the opening a more geometrically complicated profile. All components are made of reinforced concrete, which shows the knowledge of how to work the material to obtain complex shapes and figures. A fourth pattern on the band found at the top of the first section serves as a transition. Blue and white tiles also form chevrons, adding movement and polychromatic drama to the tower and facade. Several moldings sit on the top, creating a base for the ball that crowns the composition. Vibrant and contrasting colors, such as yellow and blue, highlight the geometric details. Part of the building's tiled roof protrudes at the bottom. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of modernity and progress in Puerto Rico.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Aerial view of the Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in the Old San Juan Historic District. The cemetery, dedicated to the Italian Carmelite mystic of the same name, canonized in 1699, began operating and was blessed in 1814. The ossuary was built in 1841, and three years later, a small wooden chapel with space for only six bodies was completed. In the 1860s, it was replaced by the current circular masonry chapel, whose architectural style can be described as neo-cinquecento with Renaissance influences. The building is crowned by a red, hemispherical dome, which rises above a cylindrical drum. The drum has circular and rectangular openings that function as windows, reinforcing the classical and functional aesthetics of the composition. It has a semicircular arched opening at the top of the dome and culminates in a decorative finial with a cross. It has smooth finishes that stand out for its white color, highlighting the contrast with the red decorative elements. In the background, a wall with thick parapets belonging to the San Felipe del Morro Castle can be seen. More modern buildings can also be seen on the horizon, contrasting with the historical elements in the foreground. The cemetery is divided into two sectors; the oldest includes an ossuary, a circular chapel, and a monumental portal. The ossuary runs along the northern defense wall; the portal divides the original area from a later extension, and the chapel anchors the two central lanes that divide the cemetery into four quadrants. The second sector, dating from the last decades of the 19th Century, resulted from the need for more space and almost doubled the size of the original site. Hundreds of tombs, from the humblest to the richest luxurious pantheons, line the streets, representing various architectural styles and funerary sculptural works. Although the property is still used as a cemetery, it derives its primary national significance from its distinctive design, artistic and architectural merits, unique landscape setting, and the dozens of graves of important historical figures. Patriots José Julián Acosta, José Celso Barbosa, Salvador Brau, José de Diego, José Gautier Benítez, Antonio R. Barceló, Pedro Albizu Campos, Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, Samuel R. Quiñones, Santiago Iglesias, as well as artists José Ferrer, Pedro Flores, Pedro Salinas, Rafael Hernández, Tito Lara, Gilberto Monroig, Rafael Tufiño, and Tite Curet Alonso are some of the illustrious figures of the 19th and 20th Centuries buried in this cemetery. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110



Oblique perspective of the west and south elevations of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neocolonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The hotel's composition displays multiple symmetries that propose balanced solutions to space distribution. Balconies and galleries serve as intermediate transition points, allowing for simultaneous exploration of interior and exterior spaces. In keeping with the distinctive Spanish style, the builders employed ceramic tiles for the sloping roof, arched openings on the first two levels, wood-framed glass windows on the upper three levels, terrazzo floors, hydraulic tile, and ceramic mosaic. In 2002, the hotel was rebuilt according to the original plans, with the hipped ceramic tile roof modified and extended beyond the building's facade. The two feet of overhanging eaves allow for the cap molding detailing of the support beams. The ceramic tile roof, previously supported by wooden beams, was replaced with a metal base supported by a concrete slab that also serves as the upper ceiling of the fifth floor. The first level features semicircular arches forming an open portico leading to a corridor with a simple balustrade. These arches rest on square columns with no visible ornamentation. On the second and third levels, rectangular metal windows are evenly distributed. The window frames are simple, with no additional decoration. Around some levels, discreet moldings add detail without overloading the facade. Simple ornamentation as a shield can be seen in the central part of the facade. Several urban elements can be seen near the building, such as modern lampposts and a few bare palm trees. A metal fence surrounds the perimeter. The photo was taken during the restoration process, and construction materials can be seen in the surroundings. Behind the hotel, tall concrete buildings and a partial view of the Atlantic Ocean can be seen. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



View of the main hallway on the first floor of Rafael Cordero Secondary School, also known as Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. A narrow interior hallway with arches distributed along the corridor, defining the transition to the exterior, is visible. Horizontal moldings and blue details enhance the outline of the arches and door frames, providing a visual contrast to the yellow walls. The right side of the hallway is delimited by a series of arched openings with metal grilles, whose bars have a design of vertical lines with geometric patterns. Under the arches are concrete benches painted to match the arch moldings. The floor has a polished concrete finish. The ceiling is flat and low, with light fixtures distributed along the corridor. In the background, an access to a staircase is delimited by an arch in the same style. Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its time in Puerto Rico and retains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts distinctive characteristics of early 20th-century school buildings while claiming individual distinction.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective from the Great Moat of San Felipe del Morro Castle, also known as El Morro, overlooking the San Juan Bay. From this angle, a sentry box attached to the corner of one of the fortification walls stands out. The sentry box is distinguished by its base articulated by a cordon, a rectangular window in the body, and crowned with a cornice, a dome, and a spherical ornament. The castle is a large masonry fort located at the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the land side, and covers approximately seven acres of land. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the upper level is 140 feet above. The land side is protected by the Great Moat that extends between the north coast and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Low-angle view of the south and west facades of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. Two facades are observed, each with symmetrical designs and balanced proportions that repeat architectural elements. The building is characterized by a prominent balcony on the second level and a balcony above. The entrance portico, which forms part of the balcony, features partially fluted Corinthian columns on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade surrounding it and a series of steps providing interior access. This balustrade is repeated on the second level, delimiting the balcony, which protrudes slightly toward the front of the building. On the third level, a small balcony is supported by thinner columns, a pediment, and a gabled roof. Below the pediment, decorative diamond-shaped panels can be seen. It has double-hung wooden windows with ornate frames and is crowned by rectangular molding details, contributing to a symmetrical aesthetic. The Victorian-style gabled roofs of La Giralda combine the Classical pediment element found in many Neoclassical buildings. The original roof was composed of wooden trusses covered by zinc panels but was reconstructed. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. Below the portico, a series of wooden grilles can be seen at regular intervals. A metal fence of spear-shaped bars and concrete pillars at the corners surrounds the residence. It is painted yellow with white details. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its time and place. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation that connected the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Detail of the bronze emblem in the rotunda of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower at the University of Puerto Rico's Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. In the center stands the coat of arms of Puerto Rico, which is composed of a representation of a lamb with a flag placed on a book. It is surrounded by symbols of castles, Jerusalem crosses, flags, and lions. These symbols represent the Kingdom of Castile, the Kingdom of León, and the union of both kingdoms. The shield is accompanied by the inscription: "Joannes Est Nomen Ejus." Around this shield extends another inscription that states: "Dedicated to the American Republics for the Advancement of Learning." The central emblem is surrounded by 21 shields of countries of the American continent that represent the union of the American countries for education. Above the rotunda rises the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique perspective of a residential building in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The concrete building is two stories high and exhibits an austere architectural style with elements of the Spanish colonial and Neoclassical styles. On the upper floor, rectangular openings are aligned horizontally, covered with concrete blocks, and framed with smooth, straight-edged moldings. These openings are located on a continuous balcony with a concrete railing that is noticeably deteriorated. The balcony is supported by simple corbels that protrude uniformly along the facade. The ground floor is composed of doors and windows of rectangular proportions, closed with metal grilles of functional design. Some of these openings are decorated with moldings that reinforce the simple character of the construction. The walls are covered with a material that shows signs of wear, with traces of deteriorated paint. There are additional details, such as discreet cornices that visually separate both levels and top off the upper part of the building. On the right side is a better-kept, modern building. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Facade of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in the La Puntilla area, in San Juan. This perspective of the east wing of the building features semicircular arches on the first level and rectangular windows on the second. The building also exhibits cornices and corner ashlars. The surfaces are partially covered with plaster, and the material has become detached or deteriorated in some places. Also notable are a wooden scaffolding and an interior patio. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The Arsenal's buildings integrate different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00016

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00016



Banco Popular of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1939, designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley, and built by the engineers José Benítez y Gautier, Manuel Miró y Saudí, and Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo. The bank was built where the Banco Territorial y Agrícola of Puerto Rico was originally located during the 19th century. The building is representative of the Art Deco architectural style. It is painted cream, white, and green. It has a curved facade with rectangular glass windows with metal frames. The main entrance has twelve bas-reliefs, located on each side of a stained glass window, and four images of human figures interspersed, repeating each one thrice. There is an inscription in the center that reads "Banco Popular de Puerto Rico. Banco". The entrance is flanked by two high reliefs of an eagle figure. A canvas awning, people, trees, street lights, and a paved street can be seen in front of the bank. On the right side of the image is the old American Colonial Bank, which later became the Ponce Credit and Savings Bank. This was the first American bank established in Puerto Rico. It was built in 1899 by contractor Frank Bond Hatch. It was later known as the Triana Restaurant. It is painted red, cream, and white. The Spanish Colonial Revival style influences its architecture. The lower part of the building has arcades supported by pilasters, cornices, and circular shaped ornamentations. The upper half has an eave covered in tiles supported by corbels; it also has parapets with railings, double-leaf doors framed by pilasters, and semicircular pediments at the top. Another building is next to it, painted green and white. It also has architectural traits from the Spanish Colonial Revival style. The building has cornices, dentils, parapets with balusters, and double-leaf doors with triangular pediments.

Vigil House - SG100002694

Vigil House - SG100002694



View of the Vigil House facade, also known as the Vigil Family House or Vigil Residence, in the urban area of ​​Rio Piedras in San Juan. It is a small, one-story wooden house, representing the typical Puerto Rican middle-class Creole house in the late 19th Century. The facade features horizontal green wooden planks and a raised balcony facing the street with steel posts and balusters, topped with an ornamental wrought iron railing added in 1975. At its foundation, concrete piles separate the house from the ground level. There is a gabled roof with beams covered with corrugated metal sheets and an ornamental eave that highlights the artisanal character of the design. The windows have folding shutters, and the doors are double-leaf, both wood and white. Among the representative attributes of its Creole style, the house has an air chamber between the roof and the ceiling and piles in the foundations, both to prevent heat transfer to the interior, as well as openings in the upper part of the doors and windows of the rooms to allow air to circulate and let in natural light. On the outside of the doors, modest metal eaves were built to prevent the entry of rain. In addition to this, the house has a water reservoir, native hydraulic tiles in the bathroom, and semi-insulated walls to avoid humidity. The Vigil House was built in 1898 by members of the Vigil family, none of them architects, and is composed of two attached volumes that form a rectangular floor plan. The house has a living room, two bedrooms, a music room, and an extension with a service area that includes a workshop/warehouse, kitchen, and bathroom. A central corridor connects two entrances to the house, from the porch and the backyard, and marks the transition between the public areas of the house (living room and dining room), a common practice in similar urban Creole houses. The roof is composed of two main sloping planes, a third slope covering the second volume of the house added during the early years of the 20th Century, and a fourth slope covering the porch. The porch was originally built on a brick foundation and wooden pillars and then, in 1975, replaced by steel pillars. The steel balustrade, originally designed by Smyser-Royer and then rebuilt by the New York company J.W. Fiske and the local foundry Abarca, has been part of the house for over 40 years. Among its significant features is its location as a predominantly wooden element in the middle of an urban landscape dominated by concrete.

San Agustín of Puerta de Tierra - 85003194

San Agustín of Puerta de Tierra - 85003194



Perspective of the San Agustín building complex in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The complex consists of three main buildings: the church, the school, a parish house, and the convent, all interconnected. The San Agustín church is in the center, with the school and the convent to its left and the parish house to its right. The school building is identified as Colegio San Agustín, and its facade exhibits a set of arches on its three floors, each resting on square pillars and, on the roof, a bell gable crowned with a cross. Next is the Iglesia San Agustín, whose facade incorporates characteristic elements of the neo-Gothic, such as the rose window over the entrance embedded in a portico formed by marble moldings. Two towers of different heights also stand out, crowned with multi-sided domes and decorated with a cornice with serrated and rounded designs. Almost all the windows are stained glass. In the background, the parish house is visible, with a facade similar to the school. In front of these buildings are several cars, buses, and people. The San Agustín de Puerta de Tierra complex includes the Parish House, the Church, the School, a Parish House, and the Convent. It was founded by the Order of Redemptorist Fathers and dedicated to the patron saint of one of the neighborhoods in the area. Its construction began in 1914 and was inaugurated on December 8, 1915. In addition, it represents the early use of concrete for developing religious architecture in Puerto Rico. For many years, it was the only Catholic church in Puerto Rico that regularly held religious services in English.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of stairs in a plaza at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was led by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. Between 1974 and 1975, architect Orval Sifontes designed a plan to renovate the park that included an inventory of trees and benches, repairing damaged sidewalks, removing a parking lot around the central fountain and replacing it with vegetation, concealing an electrical substation under an earth mound, providing more lighting to the park, and redesigning the existing playground. The area seen here was part of that renovation. In the center, a large tree with a thick trunk and spreading branches stands out, surrounded by a circular border of concrete and stone. In the background, semicircular stairs connect different levels of the site. At each end of the stairs, a stone wall forms a planter. Part of a black granite fountain and several lampposts with a classic design can be seen on the platform. The ground surface is paved with dark-colored natural flagstones, which are irregularly shaped and of varying sizes. A paved path follows the curve of the site to the left, with several small lampposts. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00023

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00023



The old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in barrio La Puntilla in Old San Juan. The building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and was built in 1800. It is painted white, gray, and dark blue. An open-air corridor with arcades that have white moldings, cornices, openings with wooden double-leaf doors, and a brick floor can be observed. A window opening with white moldings and a wall lamp supported by brackets can be seen in the background. On the right side of the image is the side facade of the Madres Carmelitas chapel. This building also represents the Neoclassical architectural style and is painted pink, cream, and white. It has a semicircular dome crowned with a terracotta-colored lantern. It has cornices, semicircular arches, and two wall lamps supported by brackets. In front of the facade is a yellow-colored scaffolding, two orange construction barrels, and a person. The La Puntilla condominium can be seen on the left side of the image. It is painted orange and cream. The eaves, balconies, and window openings can be observed. The roof of the United States Customs House, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan," can be partially seen in the distance. The Banco Popular of Puerto Rico, whose architectural style is Art Deco, is painted cream and can also be observed. It was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier. Other high-rise buildings, utility poles, and trees can also be observed. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Aerial-view of the Christopher Columbus Monument, located in the Colón Plaza in the Old San Juan Historic District. The plaza is dominated by a 42-foot-high monument made of Carrara marble consisting of three parts: a monumental column of classical order crowned by the effigy of Christopher Columbus and a pedestal. The explorer stands on a globe, looking up at the sky, dressed in 15th-century clothing. He raises the flag of Spain with his left hand and extends his hat with his right. At the bottom of the column are corbeled finials and prows of four caravels intertwined with fish that reinforce the maritime iconography associated with Christopher Columbus. On each side of the pedestal are square bronze plaques with historical scenes in relief. The ensemble rests on a stepped quadrangular stone base, transitioning between the monument and the ground. Curved metal railings around the monument's base delimit the area and protect a circular fountain with a simple design. In the background, an urban composition of buildings with different architectural styles can be seen. The building on the left has eclectic influences and features a symmetrical facade with semicircular arched balconies supported by small pillars and decorative balustrades. Its ornamentation includes window moldings and simple geometric details. In contrast, the white building in the center shows a more classical design with decorative pilasters and curved pedimented windows, while canvas awnings over the openings add a functional character. Further in the background, a taller building features more modern architecture. Landscape elements include metal lamp posts with white sphere-shaped lamps and stairs that connect different plaza levels, reinforcing the geometry of the space’s design. This monument, the work of Genoese sculptor Aquiles Canessa, was inaugurated in the Plaza de Colón in Old San Juan in 1893 to celebrate the fourth centenary of the discovery of Puerto Rico. The Plaza de Colón was originally known as Plaza de Santiago and previously as Campo de Santiago since military maneuvers were held there until the mid-19th Century. The monument's installation caused the Plaza de Santiago to change its name to Plaza de Colón. This important urban space has served as a historical and contemporary urban hall for the city since the circuit of walls was erected. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Godreau House - 86000894

Godreau House - 86000894



View of the south side of the living room of the Godreau House located in the town of Ponce. This house is made of wood with a zinc roof, and unlike most of the Neoclassical architecture of Ponce from the beginning of the 20th century, it stands out for its innovative concepts of residential construction design of that period. A set of chairs stands out, including four rattan rocking chairs around a coffee table with a vase. A chandelier hangs from the wooden ceiling, while a wide carpet mainly covers the floor. The windows and double-leaf doors integrate translucent stained glass and decorative grilles. A molding and small cornice crown each. Between the space of the main door and the windows, there are vents. The vents and curtains are also located above the interior doors. A wooden and rattan piece of furniture and a panel with louvers is seen through one of the interior doors. In the room's corners, several pieces of furniture are also visible, such as a display case, a mirror, a table with a lamp, and another with a vase. The interior walls reveal floral motifs and the marbling technique. The Godreau House was built in 1919 by master builder Julio Morales and designed by engineer Julio Conesa as a wedding gift from Miguel C. Godreau to his wife, Leonina. Innovative architectural elements such as the three-part plan layout, the use of semicircular arches, stained glass doors, and the marbling technique worked on by the European architect Juan Bertoli Calderoni, a resident of Ponce, make this residence significant.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Facade of El Mirador terrace at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924, following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. The original design for El Mirador, a stepped open terrace or balcony overlooking a large play area, was designed by local artisan Victor Cott and consisted of three arched openings surrounded by a concrete frame simulating logs and stairs made of mosaic stone slabs imitating lizard skin. Its construction began in 1939. Later, in the 1990s, due to severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo, architect Otto Reyes Casanova was commissioned to restore several park areas, including El Mirador. The current facade consists of a dark stone-clad wall with two circular windows and simple moldings. Stone-clad walls extend on either side of the facade, tapering to the ground. In front of the main wall are three smooth, round concrete columns that support an upper balcony. A classical-style concrete balustrade delimits the circular balcony. Above the balcony is a concrete pillar with a simple molding and two openings at the top. In front of it, there's an old-style metal lamppost and a paved walkway. At the end of the 19th Century, the Puerta de Tierra historic district was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as the renovation of the El Mirador terrace between 1990 and 1992 and the addition of a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Road Menders’ Hut #10 PR-14, Km. 40.5, Coamo

Road Menders’ Hut #10 PR-14, Km. 40.5, Coamo



Oblique view of the Road Menders’ Hut #10 located on PR-14 Highway 40.5, in Coamo. The so-called Road Menders or Road Workers' Huts, built in the late 19th Century along the Carretera Central, served as workshops and residences for government workers in charge of its maintenance. Historical documents reveal that thirty-three huts were built, but by 2019, only seventeen remained standing, concentrated mainly in the island's Central Mountain range. Although their historical function has changed, the huts remain a recognizable resource thanks to their iconic and repetitive architectural style. A single-story building constructed of masonry in the Colonial Neoclassical style is observed. The walls are smooth and painted blue and white, with the lower part painted red. The roof is flat with a molding along the edges. The windows have metal bars with an ornamental design and metal shutters. In the foreground, a chain-link fence is supported by concrete pillars, one with an acorn-shaped cap. Several trees and shrubs surround the building, providing shade and vegetation. In the background, a small brick oven with a low chimney and a table with concrete benches can be seen. This hut, built around 1880, is currently used as a private residence, while others are still used as public resources managed by state or municipal government agencies. This section of the Coamo-Aibonito Central Highway witnessed the Battle of Asomante during the Spanish-American War of 1898, in which the Spanish managed to halt the advance of the Americans. This military encounter marked a different course in Puerto Rico's history. The Central Highway, with its historic layout built between 1846 and 1886, is a 134-kilometer-long stretch of paved road that crosses Puerto Rico from north to south, connecting the northern capital of the island, San Juan, with the southern city of Ponce. Also known as the Military Highway, it winds through some of the most challenging terrain in the high Central Mountain range. Along its length, the Central Highway connects San Juan with the municipalities of Caguas, Cayey, Aibonito, Coamo, Juana Díaz, and Ponce. Manuel López Bayo, Enrique Gadea, Manuel Maese, Timoteo Lubelza, and Raimundo Camprubí were the engineers responsible for this monumental project. In addition to the Road Menders' Huts, the highway features historic bridges and culverts. All the huts built along the San Juan-Caguas section were single-family homes, while the others were divided into two similar houses under one roof, separated by a central corridor, with a living room and two bedrooms on each side. The roof was made of brick slabs over wooden beams, with a mortar floor in the central corridor and pine wood throughout the rest of the building. A small building was generally added to the rear of the house, which served as a latrine, stable, or to store road workers' equipment. But together, they remain a fundamental component that contributes to the historical significance of the Central Highway.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00009

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00009



Lateral view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. At the foreground, you can see a concrete fence with metallic grilles and parked vehicles in the paved street. The building has three levels with characteristics of the Neoclassic style in fortified concrete. The lateral facade is divided in several sections horizontally, the base level and two superior levels. The base level has entrances under semicircular arches framed with moldings. Additionally, the arches are covered by metallic grilles. The second level has double wooden doors with rectangular persiennes and flat frames. The doors conduct to balconies with balustrades supported by decorative brackets. The balconies are flanked by flutted pilasters supported by a continuous cornice and under which there is a series of relief lion heads. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences became comercial spaces.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of a seating area with a round fountain in Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. In the center, a circular fountain with a masonry finish can be seen. Surrounding this fountain are wooden benches with metal supports and other wooden benches in a rustic and simple style. The plaza's paving comprises cement slabs of various sizes arranged irregularly to create a natural pattern. In the surrounding area, lampposts with a classic design featuring curved poles and bell-shaped lamps line the fountain. The plaza's vegetation includes large trees that provide shade to much of the area. At the base of some trees, there are small areas of vegetation, and low concrete borders delimit the landed areas. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name is in honor of the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for political autonomy for Puerto Rico in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Detail of the floor in the entrance portico of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. The floor of the second-floor portico is composed of concrete tiles with geometric motifs. The design features a frame of horizontal lines at the edges that emphasize the area's perimeter. In the background, a curved balustrade with cement columns surrounds the terrace. The columns are sturdy and square, with a broad base and a simple molding at the top. At the top of the balustrade, a rectangular handrail covers the balusters and visually connects each column. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its time and place. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



Lobby of the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. In the left foreground are three wooden pivoting doors and a metal support column. In front of these doors is an emergency exit sign on the ceiling. In the center and background is a set of yellow plastic chairs lined up and fixed to a metal bar, located in front of the fence that functions as a divider between the interior and exterior. To the right is a long counter with a stone surface that resembles marble. This counter could serve as an information or reception desk. The white ceiling features several rectangular and square lamps that provide additional lighting. In front of the counter, the floor is tiled in a staggered geometric pattern, in shades of beige and brown, and in the area of ​​the doors, it is black polished concrete. In the background, through the fence, there is an outdoor area with several bicycles, part of a building, and cars. The space is spacious and illuminated by artificial and natural light, which enters through a metal gate at the back. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

Teachers' Temple - 16000189

Teachers' Temple - 16000189



Main facade of the Teachers' Temple, also known as the Puerto Rico Teachers Association's headquarters in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The concrete building is symmetrical, two-story, and features a metal roof. It maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, the facade combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the tradition of Beaux Arts design with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style and Neoclassical details. The entrance portico, one of its most outstanding elements, features a Moorish-style arch and four Corinthian columns crowned by a cornice with ornate moldings surrounding a pediment decorated with four urns at its top. The rectangular building is arranged longitudinally across the lot, with the interior spaces arranged in an "H" shape. The ground floor rises seven steps above the ground level, with rectangular triptych windows on both sides of the main entrance. A double doorway displays an ornate molding with a plaque above. The front corners are projected on this elevation, and the front, with the same window composition as the second floor, features another false balcony. These projections have rectangular windows aligned on both levels with simpler molding details. The second level of the facade features a series of more elaborate windows with rounded arches framed in white molding, a sill, and brackets below. The rectangular windows are enhanced at the corner volumes with concrete false balcony details at the front and side windows. This level was used as an auditorium for large meetings, assemblies, cultural activities, or artistic presentations. The elaborate central portico protrudes further from the rectangle to create an imposing entrance space that spans both levels and contributes a Moorish element. Two Corinthian columns support the second-floor portico section with the central multi-line arch. Pilasters of the same design complete the entrance portico, with elaborate relief motifs adorning the friezes and the cornices above the column capitals. All of the structure's doors and windows are blocked by wooden panels, suggesting a state of neglect. A molding of ovoids and darts crowns the ceiling frieze, and above it, the relief design is topped by a group of urns at the corners and a leaf design in the center surrounding a bronze medallion with the logo of the "Tribunal General de Justicia," which is of a later date. A lamppost is also visible at each end of the steps. A fence with several signs, a sidewalk, and a parking area for several cars surrounds the building. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00028

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00028



Detail of the main facade of the house Marcos Juan Alegría, located in Dorado. The house is made of matched lumber and presents shades of yellow that alternates with white and gray. The window is double with louvers, panels, a small transom window with turned wood bars and an appentice. The door shows similar characteristics since it is visible panels, louvers and a small transom window with turned wood bars. Additionally, it is notable a balustrade with gate and with ornamental blocks from which there is a column that gives support to the porch ceiling. In front of the house it stand out a small wall that covers the access ramp and a metallic handrail with curved shape. The roof of the house presents several sections with gable roof and on the gables it is visible a small window with circular shape and another one with rectangular shape articulated with louvers. The gables are also covered with a type of mesh. On the eave it is also visible a gutter. On the side there is a wall with a electric meter and a gate. Right next to it there is another house made of concrete with awnings and windows with horizontal aluminum lamas kind of like persiennes. The house Marcos Juan Alegría was built in 1914 as the house of don Juan Alegría and Mrs. Elisa Valles, whom raised there their children Cruz and Marcos Juan. They lived there for decades until the house was inherit by Cruz, the oldest child. After his death, it was inherit by Marcos Juan, so-called as don Tito. In the decade of the nineties, Marcos Juan sold his property to the government of the municipality, who was in charge of restoring it and turn it into the Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría, that opened in 1998. The house, in addition, constitutes a characteristic example of the type of architecture used at the beginning of the XX century.

Entrance to the Puntilla Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

Entrance to the Puntilla Street in the Neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



Entrance view of the Puntilla street in the neighborhood La Puntilla of the Old San Juan. You can observe several buildings that are adjacent to the street, among them there is the building San Juan Customs, the building that has the company Sobrino Izquierdo Inc., and the Popular Bank of Puerto Rico branch. The buildings have influence of the architectonic styles Art Deco, Spanish Revival, Neo-renaissance and Neoclassic. The Popular Bank of Puerto Rico can be seen from the distance with its tower and the letters of its name. Further down you can see a building painted with gray and yellow with crestings on its roof, balconies with yellow steel balustrades, entrances with moldings, cornices, ornaments and sash windows to the outside. On its roof it has a sign that says: "Cinzano". To the right you can observe the pink building of the the San Juan Customs that possess an entrance with arches, coat of arms, pilasters, capitals, bases, spirals, brackets, ornamentation in the shape of foliage, coupled windows, green steel grilles, and awnings on its windows. To the left you can see a gray and yellow building that has moldings on its roof and awnings of its windows. Nearby you can see power line poles, street lights, sidewalks, paved streets with asphaltic concrete, an automobile and trees. Subsequently, some building of this area became an apartment complex and the parking lot called La Puntilla.

Side View of Buildings in the Marina Street of the Old San Juan

Side View of Buildings in the Marina Street of the Old San Juan



View of all the building that are nearby to the Marina street in the Old San Juan. In front you can see a building gray color with white that has an entrance marked by a wine awning and two establishment signs. One says: "Nash" and the other says: "Shell ICA TCP". On one of the walls of the building there is an advertisement painted with red promoting the brand "Coca Cola". The edifice serve as the service station Adrián Nelson. You can appreciate the details that has influences of the architectonic style Neo-renaissance with arches, pilasters, rosettes, capitals, quoins, pateraes and moldings. Also, you can observe that the windows and doors are made with metal and that in two of the arches have finishes of sunset transoms. Subsequently, this became a restaurant known as Señor Frog's. To its right side there is a building of three floors green and pink color. In the front part it has letters drawn with white that say: "Sea Breeze Night Club". It has coupled windows, roofing tiles and grilles in the first floor windows, glass double windows, moldings and small columns. On its sides there is an entrance with an yellow awning and two signs, one that promotes the brand Coca Cola and another that says: "Caribe Bar". Subsequently, the space that was occupied by this building became the Hotel Rumbao of the Old San Juan. To the left there are buildings like the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico that has architectonic influence of the Art Deco. Is painted with white color and it has a tower that stick out from its roof with some letters that forms the name of the building and a analog clock that is showing the time. Then, you can appreciate the building Antiguo Correo y la Corte Federal José V. Toledo that has influence of several architectonic influences like the Beaux-arts, the Federal style and the Spanish Renaissance. It is built with concrete and limestone, is cream color and gray, part of its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and other part has the aspect of tower with roof extensions with lantern shape. Also, there is the building Ochoa painted with cream color, with metal windows with glass persiennes and antennas on its roof. On its side there is the edifice that used to be the stationery and the Bay View Host Club. It is cream with mustard color and gray with green, it has arches, pilasters, moldings and its windows and doors are made of wood. In 1915 this building was a cinema called Tres Banderas. The following building is dark gray color, light gray and white and it was the insurance Inter-American Insurance Agency. Nearby there are poles and power lines, an alley paved with cobblestones, sidewalks, a gasoline pump, signs that indicates places and that promotes brands, a piece of defense rampart, a wide avenue paved with asphaltic concrete, a person walking, antennas, trees and bushes. Subsequently, the group of buildings to the left became only one building in which there is La Caridad pharmacy, the store Polo Ralph Lauren and a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



View of the Teachers' Temple main hall in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The concrete building is symmetrical, two-story, and has a metal roof. It maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. With an eclectic architectural style, it combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style in the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The hall is located on the second level and features a rectangular space with an industrial character, evidenced by its exposed ceiling. The roof is supported by a series of triangular metal beams covered with corrugated metal sheets. A series of semicircular arched openings along the side walls, aligned at regular intervals, are windowless. In the background, a wall interrupts the open space, designed to divide the hall into a smaller area. This wall, constructed of lightweight panels, has two openings that could have been doors. A rectangular opening without a window can be seen to the right of the wall. On the left side, a decorative metal railing can be seen next to a staircase. The balusters are thin and feature a simple, ornamental design. The floor is polished concrete and covered with debris and the leaves of some windows. Electrical wires and tubes hang from the ceiling, a sign of neglect. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00013

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00013



The interior of the house Marcos Juan Alegría, located in Dorado. The house is made of matched lumber and it is painted yellow alternated with white details. The mediopunto separates the room in two areas of which has been furnished with a ratan sofa and a plaque with the inscription: "Don Marcos Alegría, padre de los artistas doradeños. Nació en Dorado en el año 1916 y a través de su fructífera vida, consagrada al arte y la educación, ha contribuido a la formation de las Cuevas generations de artistas doradeños. Hon Carlos A. López Rivera" (Don Marcos Alegría, father of the artists from Dorado. He was born in Dorado in 1916 and through his successful life, dedicated to the art and the education, has contributed to the formation of the new generations of artists from Dorado. Hon. Carlos A. López Rivera). The mediopunto is also distinguished by two columns that secure a horizontal panel crowned with small vertical bars made of wood forming a type of grill. The door are double and present an frieze articulated by an ornamental wooden draft. Between the door and hanging from the walls there are several frames with paintings and images. Also, it is visible a hanging lamp. This house was built in 1914 as home of don Juan Alegría and Mrs. Elisa Valles, whom raised there their children Cruz and Marcos Juan. They lived there for decades until the house was inherit by Cruz, the oldest child. After his death, it was inherit by Marcos Juan, so-called as don Tito. In the decade of the nineties, Marcos Juan sold his property to the government of the municipality, who was in charge of restoring it and turn it into the Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría, that opened in 1998. The house, in addition, constitutes a characteristic example of the type of architecture used in the residences at the beginning of the XX century.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the counterguard's moat of the La Trinidad bastion, seen from the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. The east moat of the San Cristóbal Castle separates the main fort from its outbuildings. Inside the moat are the San Carlos ravelin and La Trinidad bastion. This five-sided bastion was built on three levels to accommodate the sloping terrain, and its upper edge features a crenelated parapet. The moat is formed by the steep wall of the San Cristóbal Castle, which rises thirty to sixty feet above the moat's level. The exterior works' retaining walls form the east side, ascending twenty feet from the moat's actual level. The walls are made of sandstone blocks and bricks, and the surfaces are plastered. In the background stands a building with several levels, windows between vertical bands, and a tower with a hipped roof and pinnacle. The San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to Castillo de San Felipe del Morro by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the arched colonnade of the old Spanish Navy’s Armory in La Puntilla, San Juan. The columns are square, and from them ascents arches that form an extensive vaulted hallway. The surfaces are covered with plaster, which has come off on some of the columns, making the bricks visible. The building was built in the 18th Century of wood and fibers from royal palms. Still, during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new masonry building. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Armory integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

El Cortijo - Barranquitas - 2012 00039

El Cortijo - Barranquitas - 2012 00039



View of the residence known as El Cortijo in the town of Barranquitas. The residence has two levels and a tower that elevates an additional level, it is made of fortified concrete with roofs covered by roofing tiles. Additionally, its design is inspired in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. The house has double windows made of glass some covered by ornamental grilles made of iron and others are crowned with eaves. Also, you can see cantilevered balconies with double doors made of wood and glass secured with brackets. One of the balconies has a wooden balustrade modulated by piers, the other one is opened and it has an iron railing. There are also skylights and a balcony decorating the facade at the rest area of the stair with double door made of glass crowned with entablature. Besides that, the entrance it through a portico presided by steps covered by ceramic tiles and an arcade modulated by a compound column above which it can be distinguished an in relief emblem. At the portico you can also see plants on decorative pots, the walls are partially covered by ceramic tiles, a representation of the Virgin of Perpetual Help, lion statues and a wall lamp. At the left far end of the portico, you can see a side balcony with ceiling made of wooden beams exposed, a hanging lamp and plants on decorative pots. El Cortijo was built in 1939 as a summer residence for the family Lozana Fabián, related to the administration of sugar mills in Puerto Rico. Through the years it has changed owners, but its original design has not been altered.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



High-angle view of the Ballajá Promenade and Garden in the foreground, the former Asylum on the left, and the San Felipe del Morro Castle in the background, in the Old San Juan Historic District. In the foreground, the Ballajá Promenade and Garden can be seen with a symmetrical design, delimited by bricks and landscaped areas with geometric patterns. These green areas are framed by stone borders that organize the space. In the plaza's center, a circular water fountain of classical design, built of stone, stands out. Around it are benches, beacons, and metal lighting posts with a classical-style design. Palm trees are arranged linearly along the pedestrian paths, and cars parked in the surrounding areas can also be seen. In this sector, for the festivities of the 500th anniversary of the discovery of Puerto Rico in 2019, an urban “moat” was developed, and this new plaza was built, as well as the Plaza del Quinto Centenario and an underground parking lot. On the left side, painted in light colors and two stories high, you can see the lateral facade of the former Asylum, also known as the Madhouse. This side of the neoclassical building displays parapets, bolsters, cornices, rectangular windows, and, crowning the front, a pinnacle. Later, this building became the School of Plastic Arts and Design headquarters. Adjacent to it, part of a fence with metal bars supported by square white pillars belonging to the Asilo de Beneficencia can be seen. In the background is the glacis of the Castillo San Felipe del Morro, a Spanish fortification built between the 16th and 18th Centuries characterized by its masonry walls and defensive design. Structural elements like a lighthouse on top and two sentry boxes on each side are notable. The main access to the fort is marked by a long, straight path that connects to the plaza, flanked by carefully maintained turf. On the far right is seen the dome of the chapel of the historic Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery and the Atlantic Ocean. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the facade of the San Juan Yacht Club in the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. It is a modern-style building with straight lines and predominant geometric volumes, composed of several sections of different heights, and painted in cream-colored tones. A volume with large framed glass windows stands out on the left side. A sign with the text "Club Náutico de San Juan" can be seen on the facade. The upper area of ​​the building has continuous horizontal windows. On the right are reinforced concrete corbels with a curved design that contrasts with the straight lines of the rest of the building. Above is a flagpole with Puerto Rico and the United States flags. In the foreground is a paved street with low barriers and a paved area with cobblestones, while in front of the building, there is dense vegetation with bushes, tropical plants, and a small tree. Since 1930, the San Juan Yacht Club, founded by a group of rowing, yachting, and recreational fishing enthusiasts, has maintained its own marina and the building that now houses the club, which was inaugurated in 1934. However, it was not until after the renovation works carried out by architect Joseph O’Kelly in 1951 that it was transformed into one of the jewels of modernism in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District. Its location is also a reminder of the secondary port that existed there during the 16th Century. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Parish San Miguel Arcángel - Cabo Rojo - 2011 00004

Parish San Miguel Arcángel - Cabo Rojo - 2011 00004



Main and lateral facade of the Parish San Miguel Arcángel, located in Cabo Rojo. The parish presents several shades of yellow that alternates with white color and light chestnut details. The entrance is compound by a three centered arch flanked by pilasters that secured a triangular pediment that integrates dentils. The transition to the second level is accentuated by a stringcourse and a pair of cornices elevated by pilasters. Also, it is notable the oculus and the windows with glass leaves and with semicircular arch shape. On one end of the facade it stand out a triangular pediment with dentils crowned with a cross while on the opposite side it stick out the tower of the church, in which belfry it shows arches, clocks, moldings and a dome. In the back part also it is partially visible a lantern with dome crowned with a cross. The parish is surrounded by a fence articulated by a balustrade interrupted by piers with finishes. At the front part there is a monument with a statue that commemorates the Puerto Rican writer, politician and historian Salvador Brau Asencio. The Parish San Miguel Arcángel was designated historic monument under the Law Number 150 of June 18, 2004. Its history is linked to the foundation of Cabo Rojo through Royal Order of the king Charles III of Spain from December 17, 1771. Since September 29, 1783 this church dedicates to the patron of Saint Michael Archangel and two years later initiates the construction of the temple. In this church, in addition, there are the birth certificates of Ramón Emeterio Betances, Salvador Brau Asencio and the legendary pirate Cofresí.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



East section of the main facade of the Rum Pilot Plant, located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Río Piedras, Municipality of San Juan. The plant was designed by engineer Jacinto Galib and inaugurated in 1953 as part of a state effort to improve the island's rum industry. In the International architectural style, this east section shows part of the three-story rectangular, reinforced concrete plant. On the left, a green wall with metal shutters and a vertical panel of red brick can be seen. In the center, rectangular windows occupy a large portion of the facade. These windows have glass panels and thin metal frames. To the right is another set of windows on three levels, protected by eaves. A cylindrical wall with white walls and a metal pipe railing protrudes from the roof. Also noticeable next to it are four vertical walls with metal shutters between them. At the top of the facade, a pipe is exposed above the eaves. The Rum Pilot Plant produced 150 gallons of rum daily and allowed for studies on all aspects of rum manufacturing. After World War II, demand for Puerto Rican rum in the United States increased significantly, leading to production problems. In response, the government implemented the Mature Spirits Law in 1948, which required a minimum of one year of aging and triple rum distillation in charred white oak barrels. These laws, still in effect today, made Puerto Rican rum the only one with a government-regulated quality standard. A government-sponsored rum research program was also established and administered directly by the University of Puerto Rico. Under the direction of President Jaime Benítez Rexach, the university received a government grant of $500,000 and founded the Rum Pilot Plant. For nearly 40 years of operation, the facility became an essential resource for the industry, providing free advice and services to local distilleries before closing in 1990.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Oblique view of the former Ballajá Infantry Barracks, now known as the Museum of the Americas in the Old San Juan Historic District. The building has three levels, with a facade with classicist motifs, such as the huge attached Tuscan pilasters that frame the main entrance and the avant-corps treatment of the central portal that reflects the influence of the Baroque of the Second Empire. In addition to this, the first level of the facade also has elements with a neo-Cinquecento influence, derived from the Italian Cinquecento type of palace, as it is treated as a base that simulates a pseudo-rustic podium on which other architectural elements rest. A stepped cornice throughout the building creates the impression of a pediment, drawing attention to the flags on top. The central facade displays rectangular windows with simple, equidistant moldings and six balconies with ornate railings in the center. The surroundings are characterized by a wide open space predominantly covered by grass. In the part closest to the building, a paved path can be seen that connects different areas, acting as a pedestrian access. Along the front of the building is an alignment of regularly distributed palm trees. Urban elements can also be seen, such as lamp posts with a classic design placed at regular intervals. The Ballajá Infantry Barracks, built between 1857 and 1864 and designed by the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers, is an example of the military architectural typology of the 19th Century and one of the last public buildings built by Spain on the island. It is located near Plaza de San José and the Morro esplanade, and its name derives from the neighborhood known as Barrio de Ballajá. From 1898 to 1939, it became the Infantry Barracks of the United States Army, which then converted it into the Rodríguez Army Hospital and kept it in use until the second half of the 20th Century. Juan Manuel Lombera signed the architectural plans, but there is also evidence of a second design dated three years later by Antonio María Guitián and a third design by Timoteo Lubelza Martínez de San Martín and Mariano Bosch y Arroyo, both engineers of the Royal Corps of Engineers. The current building maintains the design of Lubelza and the commander who directed the works, José López Bago. The plan is organized around a vast courtyard that shows Italian influences from the Cinquecento, and its anachronistic structural solutions include groin vaults and Cadiz roofs. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



A linear perspective of the arched colonnade at the old Spanish Navy’s Armory in La Puntilla, San Juan. The columns are square, and from them ascents arches that form an extensive vaulted hallway. The surfaces are covered with plaster, which has come off on some of the columns, making the bricks visible. The building was built in the 18th Century and was originally made of wood and fibers from royal palms. Still, during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new masonry building. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The old Armory's set of buildings integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Facade of Building #166 on Avenida Constitución, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building, built in the 1920s, shows a neocolonial influence with decorative elements characteristic of Art Deco. The facade is divided into three main sections. In the central section, a main entrance stands out, marked by a portico with decorative columns that support a simple entablature with inscriptions that read: "Saldaña, Carvajal & Vélez-Rivé, P.S.C.". The double-leaf wooden door has a symmetrical and rectangular design, while above it, there are two semicircular arched windows, with highlighted moldings and ornamental details in contrasting colors. The roof uses red tiles, typical of the Spanish colonial style, with finials on the corners and a decorative parapet on the upper right side of the facade. This last section presents a design of three windows grouped in a semicircular arch shape, framed by green and gold moldings with geometric details. The window frames on the lower level are rectangular, and some are divided by multiple panels, emphasizing the traditional design. In the left section, a square volume protrudes slightly, including a decorative window on the upper part, and details of green tiles and moldings that harmonize with the rest of the design. The cream color on the walls contrasts with the decorative elements and the green and gold wooden window frames. A small balcony is seen on the right side of the building. In front of the building are parked cars and scattered vegetation. In 1929, this building was the headquarters of Grevat Brothers, a Federal brand truck dealership, and one of many stores established along Avenida Constitución selling motor vehicles that represented progress and modernity in Puerta de Tierra. Later, it became the Saldaña, Carvajal & Vélez-Rivé law firm, and then the official headquarters of the Consulates of Sweden (2019) and Denmark (2011). The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Interior perspective towards the door of casemate number twenty-four in Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan. The double-leaf door has several panels and an opening through which a type of grille is visible. This door is encased into a drop arch, and a double-leaf wooden window is displayed in the upper part. An electric switch and an electrical conduit extending towards the ceiling are on one side of the door. The floor of this space has cracks. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Building with Promotion Posters in the Norzagaray Street of the Old San Juan

Building with Promotion Posters in the Norzagaray Street of the Old San Juan



Building with promoting posters on its facade in the Norzagaray street of the Old San Juan. You can observe building with influence of the architectonic style Neoclassic. There is a large paved street with asphalt that has along several adjacent buildings. The one that is at the center is painted brown and it has a second floor with a continuous balcony in which there is a clothesline with hanging clothes. It has an arch in the entrance, cornices, double wooden doors and steps on its entrance doors. The building to its right is painted white, it has an arch as a door entrance, grilles on its windows, some steps on its entrance, a barrel and an opening at the center of the second floor with people sitting on the wall. The building to its leftist painted white and brown, possess on its second floor double wooden doors with lattice handsome appentices roofs. The building to the left far end is painted green, white and yello, it has some letters on one of its entrance piers that say: "Suits para Damas" (Suits for Ladies) and you are able to see that has something else written on the wall of its second floor that says: "...rilla...". The building possess arches, pilasters, capitals, steel ornamented grilles and painted yellow, a balcony with balustrades, bossage and fanlights. Additionally, you can observe power lines, traffic signs, sidewalks, automobiles and street lights. On the sidewalks you can see people walking.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the Spanish Navy's Old Arsenal ruins, located in La Puntilla in San Juan. In the center stands a double staircase with risers exhibiting a checkered design similar to the one on the floor. A pair of windows with ornamental grilles are visible on the walls next to the staircase. Also, several semicircular arches on the second level integrate balustrades. The building was built in the 18th Century and was originally made of wood and fibers from royal palms. Still, during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new masonry building. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the Old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View from the Great Moat towards the ramp of the San Fernando bastion of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan, also known as El Morro. From this angle, a sentry box attached to the corner of one of the walls of the Austria bastion is visible. The sentry box is distinguished by its base, articulated by a cord, rectangular windows in the body, and crowned with a cornice, a dome, and a spherical ornament. Near the counterscarp, a staircase with a wooden railing is visible, and at the bottom, two gates. In the background, the Bay of San Juan and the ruins of the old leper colony on Cabra Island can be seen. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Interior hallway of the Teachers' Temple in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The concrete building is symmetrical, two-story, and has a metal roof. It maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Its eclectic architectural style combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style on the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The hallway walls are painted a light shade and show signs of deterioration, with areas where the paint has peeled and holes visible. The door frames on both sides have been removed, some with exposed blocks. At the top of the walls, simple decorative molding runs along the edge of the ceiling. On the right is a metal support that once held a fluorescent light fixture, now removed, leaving exposed wires and anchors. The ceiling has moisture stains and areas of peeling paint, in addition to a plastic pipe that runs parallel to the hallway. The floor is covered in debris, dust, and scraps of construction materials, including cardboard fragments, paper, and trash. At the end of the hallway, an entrance leads to a room with a window sealed with blocks. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of the San Antonio Residential Complex in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. This complex of five modern-style residential buildings has a repetitive and functional design, with rectangular facades and vertical lines marked by columns and narrow windows. The buildings have several floors, each with windows protected by green-painted metal grilles. The exterior is predominantly smooth and painted in cream tones, with brown details on the vertical edges that frame the facades. The roofs above the entrances are sloped with green eaves. On the ground floor, there are security grilles and exterior walkways that allow access to the apartments. In front of the buildings, a green metal fence can be seen, delimiting the residential area from the public space. Small trees and green areas are interspersed along the perimeter. The main road in the foreground has yellow and white markings with a broad, clear sidewalk. The San Antonio Residential Complex, built in the 1940s under the San Juan Housing Authority, consists of five residential buildings where the Salsipuedes suburb and the Puerta de Tierra hamlet once stood. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Close-up of the entrance to the Tejeda Bastion seen from the Carmen Bastion at the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle, a rectangular opening with an iron gate integrated into the crenelated parapet of the fort is visible. The rotation rails of the old cannons can also be seen, and the Atlantic Ocean stands out in the background. The walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Facade of the former U.S. Department of Commerce Weather Bureau building, located in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The two-story building, built in 1930 following architect Albert B. Nicholson's eclectic design, is a self-contained block with a hipped roof with terracotta tiles that emphasizes a Mediterranean Renaissance style and decorative Art Deco elements. The symmetrical facade highlights the arched main entrance and its narrow barrel vault, which integrates a double wooden door with glass panels. Iconographic details include two giant eagles on top of two coupled pillar-like elements that frame the entrance. The name of the building is also visible in raised letters: "U.S. Department of Commerce Weather Bureau." Below the tiled eaves, two decorative medallions in relief inspired by Italian Renaissance motifs are also visible. The double-leaf windows are rectangular with simple moldings. The lower-level ones are larger and protected by metal railings. Five cement steps lead to the main entrance door in the facade's center. The building is built on an aquamarine cement base that emphasizes its separation from the ground level and is surrounded by a palm tree, trees, and a green lawn. The smooth, cream-colored walls, highlighted by beautiful glazed motifs and the terracotta roofs, characterize the style used for government buildings, a total novelty on the island during that time. The building was later transformed into the Puerto Rico National Guard Museum. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the highest level of the Santa Barbara bastion, known as El Macho, located in the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. From this angle of the fort, the walls with crenelated parapets and semicircular openings, steps known as banquettes, a sentry box crowned with a cornice and dome, rotation rails, and cannons aimed at both sides of the fort stand out. Next, there is the dome that covers the entrance to the spiral staircase and a ramp that connects the Santa Barbara bastion with the Plaza de Armas, flanked by stairs and a sentry box in the form of a tower at its lower end. On the highest level is an observation post with horizontal concrete openings built during World War II and a lighthouse lantern. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Perspective of three buildings along Paseo de Covadonga Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. A street with several buildings built in the 1930s in different architectural styles is shown. On the left is a two-story building in Colonial and Neoclassical style, with a salmon-colored facade with white details. It has rectangular windows with metal frames, horizontal blinds, and small eaves at the top. The main entrance has a black door and a sign that reads: "Edificio Freiria." A cornice marks the division of the levels and tops the roof next to a simple parapet. On the right is a modern multi-story building with a white facade and stylized details. The windows are large and elongated and protrude from the plane of the facade, generating a three-dimensional effect. At the top, there are signs indicating the names of the companies. In the background, there are additional buildings with simpler facades. The street has parked cars and a motorcycle in front. The scene reflects a combination of architectural styles and commercial uses within an urban environment. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Villa Caparra PR-19 Intersection PR-2 No. 251 - Guaynabo - 2011 00085

Villa Caparra PR-19 Intersection PR-2 No. 251 - Guaynabo - 2011 00085



Details of a couple of sections from the facade of Villa Caparra, located in Guaynabo at the intersection of the roads Puerto Rico 19 and Puerto Rico 2. One of the sections presents an arch with geometric motifs grilles. Next to it stand out the alfiz from of the main door, which it shows the two coat of arms that identify the De Castro family. The original De Castro family coat of arms has a castle on a blue background. The other coat of arms represents the De Castro family in America and is distinguished by the symbol of a castle and bright star. The bright star detail was used by the architect as a motif that repeats in the general ornamentation of Villa Caparra. Between both coat of arms there is also a lantern. Above the alfiz elevates three windows with panels that also shows the bright star motif with yellow and blue shades. These windows are framed with arches. The upper border of the building is characterized by a series pf dentils with mascarons. The roof is covered with Spanish glass roofing tiles. The building surface is cream color and present stucco texture. In addition, it shows signs of deterioration with stains, dirt and inscriptions like graffiti. Between 1925 and 1927, began the construction of Villa Caparra. The architect design it for himself using architectural elements from the Spanish Revival and Mudejar styles. This residence is considered an architectonic work that provides guidelines to the "revival" of the Spanish Revival in the work of the architect and his new idea of the architecture from the 1930s.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of a building and a concrete tower adjacent to the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. This small concrete building and tower, along with other resources (two support buildings and two feeders near a wooded area), operated within the property and were associated with a dairy farm in the 20th Century. The building has a flat roof and simple walls, with two window openings, each with a slight overhang. The right wall has two door openings. To the right, a depression in the ground and a parallel wall can be seen. The tower has four concrete pillars supporting the rectangular water tank. The tank shows signs of wear and mildew on its surface. There is abundant vegetation and trees throughout the area. The grounds are covered with weeds and dry grass. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Front view of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Tower at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan, seen from the side of Camino Real. The design of the Tower was commissioned to designer William Schimmelpfenning of Texan origin and a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, by the chief architect Rafael Carmoega. Using elements of the Spanish Gothic and Baroque Revival styles, its construction began in 1937, and once completed in 1939, it was inaugurated and named after the then-President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. At its base is a straight arch that accentuates the entrance and the rest of the body that consists of a carillon, a clock, the rotunda that rises four stories to reach a reinforced concrete dome, and on the third floor, a balcony with a carved mahogany balustrade. Also visible is part of the Antonio S. Pedreira building, originally known as the New Normal School, which has tiles on its roof, cornices, windows with horizontal louvers, and air conditioning consoles on some of these windows. At the back of this building, some ruins which were part of the original Normal School building are seen. Several people are also seen along the Camino Real, bordered by palm trees and bushes. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507



View of the third-floor hall of Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1, also known as the Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico or House of Souls, located in Santurce, a sector in the Municipality of San Juan. The three-story concrete building was designed by Luis F. Delgado and Juan Rivera París and built in 1928 using volunteer labor from followers of spiritualist philosophical thought in Puerto Rico. The building's first cornerstone was laid on November 29, 1926. This minimalist-style hall occupies the entire third floor of the building and is used exclusively for special ceremonies. In the background, on the left side of the large rectangular space, a small staircase provides access to the roof for maintenance work. Next to it is a mural of an unknown date depicting a natural scene with water and rocks. The left wall has several horizontal louvered windows divided by columns; on the right wall, there are only two picture frames and an air vent. The high and flat ceiling has exposed support beams arranged at right angles. The floor is covered with square brown tiles with a continuous chain-like border. On the far right is a staircase with a vertically grooved concrete railing connecting to the second level. The lower edge of the walls is painted blue, creating a continuous line that runs around the entire perimeter of the room. The area has rustic-style wooden furniture, folding chairs, and construction tools. The hall shows signs of deterioration on the walls and ceiling. The building is located on the same land where Mr. Balbino Vázquez and his wife, María Cruz Carpintero, founded the Spiritualist Center in 1910. Both were mediums and used their residence to hold meetings. In 1922, they added a wooden meeting room with a capacity for 300 people and named it the House of Souls. Spiritism, a philosophical movement that spread throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin America in the 19th Century, originates in the thought of Allan Kardec, and its fundamental principles combine philosophy and science. It had particular appeal among middle-class professionals, who considered it progressive. The first Spiritualist centers in Puerto Rico emerged in the 1870s. Mr. Vázquez, a carpenter responsible for the Center's construction, died in 1937. His will and public document specified that the building and land would be administered by the Board of Directors of the Grand Lodge and that the building would not be used for any purpose other than its original purpose. Should the Grand Lodge cease its functions, the building would pass into the hands of the Puerto Rican government, which could only use it for charitable or educational purposes. Fortunately, none of these stipulations have ever been necessary, as the Grand Lodge, a non-profit organization, has continued to function as a community study center and promoter of the philosophical positions of the Spiritualist Doctrine from its founding to the present. The building has been preserved with structural integrity, serving as a lasting symbol of Puerto Rico's social and cultural history in the 20th Century.

Meat Market - 86003199

Meat Market - 86003199



Facade of the Meat Market, also known as the Plaza de los Perros in Ponce. The building consists of an elongated quadrangle created by galleries that open onto an interior patio. It is made of concrete, wood, and metal sheets. The facade has elements of the Neo-Mudejar and Art Deco architectural styles, which are very different from the utilitarian style inside. The facade is articulated by three horseshoe arches integrating railings on which decorative panels with glazed mosaics of Moorish motifs are projected. The arches and ornamental panels are framed by a horizontal band and four pillars that extend vertically to the upper edge. The parapet is distinguished by integrating open semicircular concrete shapes. The portion of the pillars that protrude at the top is decorated with vertical rectangular panels with glazed mosaics. On one side of the market stands a Spanish sign that reads: "La Palmita" and "Refrescos." A couple of people and cars are notable in front of the building. The Meat Market was built in 1926 and was designed by Rafael Carmoega, one of the most acclaimed architects of the 20th Century in Puerto Rico. Located in front of the old Market Square, it served as an urban and commercial complement to the town of Ponce. Residents referred to it as the Dogs Plaza due to the number of stray dogs that gathered there to feed on meat scraps. In 1992, it was renovated under the administration of the Mayor of Ponce Rafael “Churumba” Cordero Santiago, who named it Plaza Juan Ponce de León.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



High-angle view of the sculpture of Juan Ponce de León, erected in Plaza San José in the Old San Juan Historic District. The base is made of stone-clad masonry, upon which a bronze sculpture stands. Above the base, a marble pedestal with a rectangular design tapers slightly towards its top. This pedestal features decorative moldings on its top and bottom edges, adding a classic ornamental detail reminiscent of a neoclassical design. Each of the pedestal's faces includes inscribed plaques engraved directly onto the surface of the main material, which are delimited by smooth frames. At the top of the pedestal is a simple platform, which serves as a base. It is made of bronze, which gives it durability and allows for detailed finishing in its anatomical forms and the folds of the clothing. The extended arm's posture and direction add a visual narrative component. The statue was cast using melted metal from captured cannons from the ships of the English privateer Ralph Abercromby, who attempted to colonize the island in 1797. The metal was melted in New York in 1882, where the statue was forged and inaugurated on June 24 of that same year. In the immediate surroundings, the monument is surrounded by an open paved space delimited by vegetation and some urban elements, such as classically designed lighting poles, which complement the style of the monument without interfering with its prominence. In the background is a utilitarian building with smooth walls and a simple design, in which functional-looking windows with awnings stand out. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Casa Cautiño - 84003137

Casa Cautiño - 84003137



Frontal view of Casa Cautiño in the town of Guayama. The single-level Neoclassical-style house is made of masonry and wooden beams. The wooden double-leaf doors and windows have lattice-style slats covered by ornamental iron grilles. As an ornamental element on the upper section, a masonry cornice and a parapet supports decorative masonry flowerpots. On the front, a portico is supported by six thin wrought iron columns bordered with ornamental details. An ornamental iron railing borders the space between the columns. The portico is finished with an uninterrupted masonry cornice with continuous moldings on its borders. The front facade has five openings under semicircular arches flanked by fluted pilasters. The doors are crowned with sunrise transoms, and reliefs with floral motifs and garlands are seen between each opening. Also visible is a sign in Spanish that reads: "This property is being restored by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture and sponsored by the Municipal Administration directed by Hon. Miguel Díaz Tirado," and several cars parked up front on the street. Casa Cautiño was built in 1887 by the architect Manuel Texidor. It's been used as a home, an Insular House, and headquarters for the U.S. Forces. In 1969, the house was remodeled by architect Frank Molther, who respected its original design and reproduced the same style. But in 1979, the house became the property of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which restored it and turned it into the Casa Cautiño Museum.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



View of the lobby of the main building of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The Historic District includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the facility, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The interior of the entrance of the main building can be seen, which exhibits an opening with a semicircular arch and, at the top, black raised letters that read: "Escuela Elemental." In the background is a white rectangular door surmounted by relatively simple transoms made of delicate wooden elements that help ventilate the interior. The austerity of the interiors was characteristic of the period. Classrooms did not have to offer distractions as they were interpreted as functional units. To the right, there is another narrower door, also rectangular, with a similar finish. On the upper edge of the front wall, there is a decorative frieze with a repeating geometric pattern using ceramic tiles. While in the building's tower, single-coloured tiles are combined to form intricate patterns, including the chevron motif that covers the lantern itself, in the interior, the multi-coloured tiles were reserved exclusively for this vestibule. The interior tiles depict naturalistic patterns and are arranged similarly to a dado that borders the upper frieze and lower plinth of the walls of the octagonal vestibule. This location lends elegance to the austere reinforced concrete walls and contrasts sharply with the rest of the spaces inside, as there are no tiles or other decorative elements. This minimalism reflects the functional approach that was followed in the service areas. The floor is composed of dark-colored ceramic tiles with a uniform arrangement. To the right of the arch is a wall with a notice board, which is surrounded by a dark-colored frame. In the lower right corner is a rectangular pot with a vertical line design that contains a plant with large leaves. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2014 00003

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2014 00003



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan, was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. A masonry wall made of bricks and stone interrupted by a sentry post with a semicircular dome, a keystone, and cornices can be observed in the image. A railing, several people, benches, trees, handrails, a street light, and a statue of a male figure can be observed in the image. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. The old Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce building can be observed in the background of the center of the picture. The building is painted orange and white. The square glass windows with metal frames and green-colored railings can be partially observed. The building was designed in 1926 by the architect Antonín Nechodoma to be the headquarters of the Federal Land Bank of Baltimore in Puerto Rico. It was previously known as the San Juan Securities and Supplies Lonja. It was acquired by the Puerto Rico Chamber of Commerce in 1937 and was sold to a private party in 2019. A two-story building painted blue and white can be observed on the left side. It has cornices, pilasters, white moldings, quoins, a balcony, and wooden double-leaf doors. The old headquarters of the El Mundo/Puerto Rico Ilustrado newspaper in Old San Juan can also be partially observed in the image. The building is painted brown and cream. It was built in 1923 by the architect Francisco Roldán Martinó. The building has elements of the Moorish Revival architecture style. The building's facade has mosaics and glass windows with metal frames. A cruise ship can be seen in the distance on the right side.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Oblique view of the San Idelfonso Conciliar Seminary, also known as the Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Advanced Studies Center, located on Cristo Street in the Old San Juan Historic District. The building, founded by Bishop Gutiérrez de Cos in 1832, with funds donated in part by the government, has architectural features corresponding to the Spanish colonial style combined with Neoclassical details. To the right, a building with a smooth gray-painted facade can be seen, topped by a cornice that protrudes slightly along the entire upper part. The rectangular windows are protected by wrought iron bars with simple vertical designs on small projecting sills. Each window is framed by white moldings and topped by curved pediments incorporating small decorative elements at the top. The main door is framed by pilasters that support a triangular pediment with molding details, highlighting a geometric design in the center. To the left are projecting balconies with visible beams, railings, and decorative elements like hanging flowers. The street is paved with cobblestones, which add a historic character to the surroundings, and is delimited by raised sidewalks. The surrounding facades feature light colors and details, such as simple moldings and wrought iron lamps, reinforcing the colonial character of the architectural complex. Initially, the Seminar served two main functions: as an educational center for future clergy members and as a regular high school. It is the only 19th-century interpretation of the cloister architectural typology and the only preserved example of a high school in Old San Juan and the island. The elegant and creative facade, its two interior courtyards with wonderful arcades and varied proportional arrangements, an original 19th-century kitchen, the neighboring refectory with its unique canopy vault, and a central chapel with its hemispherical dome decorated with historic grisaille frescoes are all relevant architectural elements that give this building cultural significance. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of a residential building on Matías Fernández Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building is two stories high and has a modern style with Art-Deco influences. The construction has a smooth concrete finish in dark tones. The facades have rectangular balconies protected by metal railings. The windows have metal bars that cover their entire surface and are evenly distributed on the walls. On the ground floor, there is a metal access door with a small concrete overhang that protrudes as protection. An electric pole with visible cables and connections is located next to the building, accompanied by other overhead installations. In the immediate surroundings, a narrow sidewalk and several cars are parked along the street. In the background, some other buildings and trees complement the urban landscape. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Detail of the decorative base of the balconies around the second floor of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. This section is composed of rosary, egg-and-dart moldings, as well as acanthus leaf, rosette, and fleur-de-lis motifs. The corbels or modillions are also ornamented with acanthus leaves and smaller rosettes. Also visible is the cantilever and, above it, a wooden balustrade interrupted by pedestals on which columns rise and give support and shape to the semicircular arches. The design of the Tower was commissioned to the designer William Schimmelpfenning, of Texan origin and a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate, by the chief architect Rafael Carmoega. Using elements of the Spanish Gothic and Baroque Revival styles, its construction began in 1937, and once completed in 1939, it was inaugurated and named after the then-President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of the First Baptist Church of Puerto Rico in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The church, owned by the American Baptist Society, was built in 1919, adapting architectural elements that combine neo-Byzantine, early Christian, and Romanesque styles. The main facade shows the temple, a cloister, and a small two-story building on the east side. On the facade, a sign reads: "Primera Iglesia Bautista de Puerta de Tierra, Inc." The red cement portico at the entrance contains a light post and several cement planters. It also provides access to the church's interior through a ramp with an iron railing and a short metal staircase. A small octagonal dome with a tiled roof crowns a second larger dome that serves as the temple's roof. The walls are gray with white details. The facade's center shows four openings with semicircular arches covered with concrete rings, columns, and a narrow eave with tiles. The two-story building on the left has a shutter and door with semicircular arches, an iron gate at the entrance, and a balcony on the second level. In the background, part of a high cement wall can be seen. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414



View of the exterior courtyard at Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's residence, also known as Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's Residence and Library, in the affluent urban environment of Condado in San Juan. The house was built in 1940 and exhibits a restrained Spanish Renaissance style. The most significant architectural elements on the exterior facade of the building are the repetition of arches on the northwest corner of the first level of the residence, emphasizing the balcony, and the second-floor balcony on the main north facade. A well-kept exterior space is seen with a large central tree surrounded by a concrete and stone bench in the center of a path paved with irregular stones. Surrounding the path is dense vegetation with shrubs, flowers, and trees. To the right is the two-story reinforced concrete house with cream-colored walls and windows, clay tiles on the eaves, and decorative white iron bars. In the background, modern, tall buildings can be seen, highlighting a contrast between the nature of the garden and the urban environment. This property was the residence and workplace of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez, one of the most prominent female voices of the Generation of the Thirties, a middle-class Creole literary movement established in the 1930s in response to the United States control over the island that gave shape to the Puerto Rican cultural identity. She also co-founded the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Puerto Rico and achieved international recognition for her in-depth critical essays and studies of Puerto Rican and Latin American literature. Dr. Meléndez Ramírez died in 1983, leaving the house in her will to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which converted it into a library in the 1990s.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



Partial low-angle view of the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. The nine-story, reinforced concrete building comprises a series of balconies projecting outward from each floor. These balconies are evenly distributed along the facade and feature concrete railings extending the length of the balcony. Each side of the balconies has three lattice windows. A metal grille protects the second-floor balcony. The building has six lattice windows covered by a metal grille on the ground floor. Part of a tree can be seen on the right. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the parking lot next to the El Mirador area at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. In the foreground, parked cars and small islands of vegetation surrounded by concrete borders are visible. Behind the parked vehicles to the right, the stone staircase leading to the open terrace of El Mirador, built in 1939, can be seen. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, a granite fountain was added, and the central promenade, plaza, and north promenade were also paved with granite. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110



Detail of the east facade of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The facade is simple, without striking ornamentation, and is characterized by smooth, light-colored walls interrupted by symmetrically arranged windows. Although some of the base moldings are missing, this facade is identical to the west side: the windows of the central volume are parallel to those of the west facade. The first-floor door of this wing has similar proportions and placement; two openings have been added above the doors for ventilation grilles. The central window on the third floor has been filled in, and the three windows on the fourth and fifth floors have the exact dimensions. These rectangular windows, with dark frames, are aligned in an orderly pattern on each floor. The exterior walls are smooth, with subtle horizontal divisions segmenting the building levels through bands of simple moldings. It has a hipped roof, covered with red tiles, that protrudes slightly from the facade. Scaffolding can be seen in front of the building. The building is enclosed by a green-covered chain-link fence with barbed wire at the top, surrounded by vegetation. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Perspective of the main building northeast facade of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the facility, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The main building has a single story with a symmetrical design and a prominent central volume, while the laterals extend horizontally. The main entrance is in the center, framed by a lobed arch, and features an access ramp flanked by two steps. An exotic tower with round-arched openings at the top features a complex design that contrasts with the simplicity of the rest of the building. Its exterior is divided into three sections that narrow as one ascends. While the first section is an irregular chamfered octagon, the second is a regular octagon. Four panels of the second section are arched and open, while the other four panels are covered with blue and white ceramic tiles. The openings at the top are framed by thick arched frames and covered with blue and white square tiles, while the lower parts have similar tiles but with a different pattern. An arched rope molding separates the tympanum stringers. Two corbels support the tympanum lintel, giving the opening a more geometrically complicated profile. All components are made of reinforced concrete, which shows the knowledge of how to work the material to obtain complex shapes and figures. A fourth pattern in the band found at the top of the first section serves as a transition. The upper part, covered by blue and white tiles that form chevrons, adds movement and polychromatic drama to the tower and the facade. Several moldings sit on its top, creating a base for the ball that crowns the composition. The side sections of the building have a flat roof and narrow rectangular louvred windows, Miami-style, protected by metal grilles that provide light and ventilation to the main body of the building. Some windows have air conditioning equipment installed at the bottom. The roof of the central part is made of red tiles with a moderate slope, and in the lower sections, it has a simple cornice. The base of the building is painted with a blue plinth that runs along the entire facade, visually delimiting the transition between the ground and the main yellow walls. Metal panels attached to the side wall and electric cables hanging from the ceiling are also observed. The building is surrounded by grass and trees. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of modernity and progress in Puerto Rico.

Mini Market B. Fernandez in the Nueva Street in Corner with Infanta Luisa Street in the Neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan

Mini Market B. Fernandez in the Nueva Street in Corner with Infanta Luisa Street in the Neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan



View towards the Nueva street in the neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan. You can observe buildings along a street, automobiles and trucks parked. There is a building to the left that is painted with light blue, white and brown and it has influence of the architectonic styles called Spanish Revival and Neoclassic. It shows pilasters, cornices, moldings, bases, capitals, ornaments, arches and sunrise transoms. The building works as a store of edible products and general. It has letters on the wall that say: "Colmado B. Fernandez" (Mini Market B. Fernandez). Further down there are some buildings that are built with wood and painted with green and brown with double wooden doors and zinc gable roofs. One of the buildings has two floors and possess an extended balcony with steel balustrades on the second floor. It is followed by a building that shows influence of the Neo-renaissance and is painted gray, green and mustard. IT shows quoins, balconies with concrete balustrades, double wooden windows with lattice, moldings and a pyramid roof made with terracotta zinc. At the background of the street there is a cream color and white building that is closed by a metal fence. To the right side you can observe other buildings that shows the same design tendency. One is made of wood with gable roof and zinc roof, others are made of concrete and have balconies with balustrades, moldings, cornices and arches. Around it there are people walking, power line poles, sidewalks, paved streets with asphaltic concrete, sewers, street lights, trees and palm trees. Subsequently, this area became an apartment complex and the parking lot called La Puntilla.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Side facade of the building on the west side of the entrance to the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The building, with a facade similar to the main building, was built during the 1930s as a girls' dormitory. The walls are smooth and painted light yellow, while the decorative elements stand out in contrasting colors like bright blue. Each window is protected by metal bars with vertical bars. Above each window are cantilevered tile roof eaves and stepped supports. At the bottom of the windows, iron boxes holding air conditioning units are seen. The upper edge of the building is topped by a white gutter used to manage rainwater. The design of the building integrates contrasting colors to highlight the decorative elements, with simple finishes that prioritize functionality and durability. The Historic District includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the complex, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the interior of casemate number twenty-seven of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. In this casemate are seen a couple of tables with display cases, through which one shows a maquette. This space also features arches and a vaulted ceiling. One of the walls displays an ornamental band that accentuates the contrast between the dark tone of the base and the light tone of the rest of the wall. The electrical cables are connected to receptacles, switches, and light bulbs. Several openings are also visible; a person can be seen in one of them. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00005

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00005



Lateral view of the Brunet Calaf house in the coastal town of Manatí. At the foreground, you can distinguish the paved street where there are vehicles travelling, parked and people. The construction is made of brick masonry and stucco with corrugated metal sheets roof. It has two floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic and Vernacular styles. On the first floor you can see several elliptical arches framed, flanked by pilasters and crowned with keystones. Inside the arches there are lattice style windows made of aluminium crowned with ornamental grille transoms. There is also an arch presided by a metallic grille inside which you can distinguish a door with persiennes and a rectangular arch covered by metallic grille. Besides that, on the second floor you can see a balcony with wooden balustrade modulated by pillars that at the same time support the overhang roof made of corrugated metal sheets. Inside the balcony there are several double wooden doors with persiennes frames with moldings and lattice style windows. In addition, the building has an entablature with continuous cornices and dentils above which you can distinguish an additional level with lattice style windows. This residence was built in 1860 and partially renovated in 1885. It is linked to two of the most influential families in the Manatí area, the Brunet family and the Calaf family who contributed greatly to the sugar industry in the island. Despite they were two separate houses, in 1910 they were remodeled and united. Even though it is in ruins, since 1988 it belongs to the National Register of Historic Places.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Close-up view of the niche in the transept of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows an interior wall with the loss of its stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. During the 20th Century, access from the nave, formerly used as a warehouse, was blocked by a low concrete wall, which partially collapsed here. There is also a deteriorated masonry niche with an arched doorway. Remains of a metal piece and exposed reinforcements protrude from the wall. A rectangular opening at the top of the wall reveals a series of rusted beams. The wall is eroded, with areas where the cladding has peeled off, exposing the brick. The entire surface is covered with damp stains and mildew. The ground is covered with debris and vegetation. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Oblique view of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a symmetrical, modern, reinforced concrete building with columns and beams that give it a sense of lightness. The windows with horizontal metal slats on the second level, the wide glass panels and wrought iron railings on the third, and the low ceiling and dark walls of the first level also emphasize the illusion of a floating and light building. Some walls are covered with white plaster, and others with white marble and granite. To go up to the first floor, there is a wide staircase made of white marble with metal railings leading to a platform terrace suspended over the reflecting pond. The second section of the stairs leads to the main lobby. Surrounding the building, there are green areas with palm trees and bushes. In the background is a multi-story residential building with a curved design and wide windows. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines classical architectural style with tropical modernism. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is made of reinforced concrete, clad in white marble and granite, and features an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular courtroom. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00041

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00041



View from the posterior of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in La Puntilla neighborhood in Old San Juan. The building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and was built in 1800. An area restricted by balusters with several vehicles and trees can be observed. A pink and white facade with a parapet, pilasters, cornices, wooden double-leaf doors, and a balcony with no railings supported by pillars. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture. Next to this building is the United States Customs House, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan." Its architectural style is Spanish Colonial Revival, built by the architect Albert B. Nichols. It was built in 1924 and is painted pink, white, and terracotta. This building was entered into the National Registry of Historic Places in 1988. The Banco Popular of Puerto Rico can be seen from a distance. It is painted cream and represents the Art Deco architecture style. It was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier. In the center of the image is the Jose V. Toledo United States Courthouse and Post Office, where two towers crowned with lanterns and Arabic tiles stand out. It was designed by Oscar Wenderoth, and it is painted cream and terracotta. The building was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The Ochoa building, designed by the architect Pedro Adolfo de Castro y Besosa, can also be observed in the image. It is painted gray and white, has a tower crowned with a stepped design, and possesses square and rectangular windows. The façade of the Harbor Plaza building and the Hotel Sheraton can also be observed. The San Juan Bay, Pier 1, and Pier 3 are on the right side of the image. The towers with lanterns of the Jose V. Toledo United States Courthouse and Post Office combine different architectural styles, such as Beaux-Arts, Federal, and Spanish Colonial Revival. Other high-rise buildings, utility poles, and trees can be observed.

Cathedral Saint Philip the Apostle - Arecibo - 2011

Cathedral Saint Philip the Apostle - Arecibo - 2011



Frontal view of the Cathedral of Saint Philip the Apostle in the coastal city of Arecibo. In the foreground is the Luis Muñoz Rivera plaza, surrounded by an ornamental iron railing and squared pillars. It has light poles and landscape zones. The Cathedral Saint Philip the Apostle is across the busy street with moving vehicles. A masonry fence with metal grilles and squared pillars separates it from its immediate surroundings. It is also presided over by a staircase leading to the entrance door. The building is made of masonry with a concrete roof. Its design is inspired by the Renaissance and Neoclassic architecture. The front facade is decorated with pilasters, framed windows, and crowned with an entablature, moldings, cornices, and an entrance under a semicircular arch crown with a wooden sunrise transom and a pediment over which you can see a niche. Inside the niche, there is a religious statue. Moreover, a square belfry with a semicircular opening and a cross crowns the building. In the surroundings are houses, power line poles, and adjacent buildings with different characteristics. The construction of the Cathedral of Saint Philip the Apostle dates back to 1616; nonetheless, in 1846, the building was officially built, according to the design observed in the photo. It is the second-largest church built on the island under Spanish rule, and it was not until 1960 that it was officially designated the Cathedral of the Diocese of Arecibo.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Side section view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, in the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge, built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replaced the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. A section of the bridge stands out with a series of elliptical arches supported by rectangular pillars. It has five equal arches beginning at the abutment and then two larger ones. The arch closest to the abutment is closed and has an uncovered span. The concrete parapet features interspersed rectangular patterns that run the length of the bridge. In the center of the bridge is a wider pillar with a plaque indicating the completion date: "C.F. de P.R. 1932." To the right is a green area delimited by a sloping concrete retaining wall that descends to the water's edge. This green area extends to the bridge's abutment and is home to several large trees. Behind the Railroad Bridge, part of the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge and designed by Rafael Carmoega, can be seen. It features concrete railings, iron railings, and modern lampposts along its entire length. In the center, a circular section can be seen, suggesting a viewing platform, delimited by a concrete railing. In the background, behind the trees, part of a two-story building with large windows and a minimalist design can also be seen. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge holds great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original rail network in San Juan.

Hacienda La Esperanza - Manatí - 2015 00002

Hacienda La Esperanza - Manatí - 2015 00002



View of the Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, located in the coastal town of Manatí. From the interior of the main house you can see rattan chairs and through the entrance opening you can see the balustrade and the stairs handrail on the house entrance. Besides that, in the distance it stick out the chimney made of brick masonry with square base supported by some metallic scaffolding. On the chimney base you can also distinguish some walls in ruins on stilts. The walls are made of brick masonry with a continuous entablature supported with scaffolds. In addition, in the surroundings there are barricades and an adjacent construction. The Hacienda La Esperanza was built in 1820 as property of José Ramón Fernández, Marquis of La Esperanza, who was the largest owner of slaves in the island in 1873. His production was mainly about molasses, sugar and rum. Throughout the years they have developed archeological studies in the area that determined that it is the first archeological place in the north area of the island that presents a cultural chronology that indicates cultural phases. It also determined that is the first ceremonial centre from the coast in the Antilles and that is the first archeological site in the island that we have historical references. It was acquired by the Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico in 1975 and a year later, in 1976, it was included in the National Register of Historic Places. Years later, in 1987 was designated as natural reserve and in 2010 was reopened to the public.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Facade of the registrar's office of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The first level of this building exhibits three semicircular arches flanked by columns on pedestals ornamented with polychrome terracotta. An entablature with an ornamental band, cornices, and pinnacles extends over those arches. The second level exhibits windows with horizontal louvered shutters; most integrate air conditioning consoles. An ornamental band, cornice, and parapet extend over the windows. On both sides of the building are seen gardens with different bushes and trees; also, several people are in front of the building. In the background, part of the Hostos building that housed the registrar's office is visible. These buildings are part of the Quadrangle. The registrar's office originally housed the old university library. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

 Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



Side facade of Rafael Cordero Secondary School, also known as Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. The facade features evenly spaced, vertical, rectangular, Miami-style aluminum windows framed with blue moldings and sills, starkly contrasting the yellow wall. Rectangular panels with diamond-shaped inserts in the middle are installed in the center of each horizontal row of windows, forming part of the vertical components of the design. Also visible are two white polyvinyl pipes used for drainage, running from the roof to the floor of the building. The tube on the left side covers a blue molding that divides the area of ​​the aluminum windows from another area of ​​the facade, displaying a more elaborate design. This area includes two arcades with semicircular and bas-relief moldings. The center of the upper arch displays an opening covered with glass blocks and a small balcony with wrought iron grilles and brackets. A decorative festoon with a torch and a book can be seen to its right. The arch on the first level surrounds an aluminum window covered with an ornamental wrought iron grille, and next to it, an air conditioning unit on a rusted metal stand and electrical wiring. The building is framed with a wide blue molding that runs along the entire base, acting as a plinth, and a simple cornice, also painted blue, that protrudes slightly from the roof. Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its time in Puerto Rico and maintains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts the features of early 20th-century school buildings while claiming individual distinction.

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00019

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00019



Front view of the Brunet Calaf house in the coastal town of Manatí. At the foreground, you can distinguish the paved street where there are areas under construction, parked vehicles and people. The construction is made of brick masonry and stucco with gable roof made of corrugated metal sheets. It has two floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic and Vernacular styles. On the first floor you can see several elliptical arches framed and flanked by pilasters. Inside the arches there are double doors crowned with ornamental grille transoms. There is also an arch flanked by glass windows and paintings, crowned with an inscription that says: "Barber shop". On the other side, also on the first floor, you can see a sign that says: "Bar Rest. Plaza Salon comedor". Besides that, on the second floor you can see a balcony with wooden balustrade modulated by pilasters that at the same time support the overhang roof made of corrugated metal sheets. Inside the balcony there are several double doors made of wood with persiennes framed with moldings and crowned with transoms made of wood and glass. In addition, the building is crowned with a triangular pediment decorated with an ornamental frieze, windows and a spherical design. This residence was built in 1860 and partially renovated in 1885. It is linked to two of the most influential families in the Manatí area, the Brunet family and the Calaf family who contributed greatly to the sugar industry in the island. Despite they were two separate houses, in 1910 they were remodeled and united. Even though it is in ruins, since 1988 it belongs to the National Register of Historic Places.

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00014

Brunet Calaf House - Manatí - 2012 00014



Lateral view of the Brunet Calaf house in the coastal town of Manatí. At the foreground, you can distinguish the street with parked vehicles. The house is made of brick masonry and stucco with gable roof made of corrugated metal sheets matched with an ornamental frieze. It has two floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic and Vernacular styles. On the first floor you can see two elliptical arches flanked by pilasters and framed with moldings. One of the arches has a glass door and is flanked by glass windows and paintings on the wall. In addition, above it there is an inscription that says: "Barber Shop". Besides that, on the second floor you can see the balcony with wooden balustrade modulated with pillars that support the overhang roof made of corrugated metal sheets. It also has three double doors made of wood and persiennes crowned with glass transoms. Furthermore, to the right far end you can see a larger arch flanked by pilasters on pedestals that at the same time support a continuous entablature. On one of the pilasters you can distinguish a small commemorative plaque. Additionally, the arch is presided by an ornamental iron grille next to which there is a fluted pilaster. This residence was built in 1860 and partially renovated in 1885. It is linked to two of the most influential families in the Manatí area, the Brunet family and the Calaf family who contributed greatly to the sugar industry in the island. Despite they were two separate houses, in 1910 they were remodeled and united. Even though it is in ruins, since 1988 it belongs to the National Register of Historic Places.

El Cortijo - Barranquitas - 2012 00111

El Cortijo - Barranquitas - 2012 00111



Exterior view of the residence known as El Cortijo in the town of Barranquitas. The residence has two levels and a tower that elevates an additional one, is made of fortified concrete with roofs covered by roofing tiles. Additionally, its design is inspired in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. The house has double windows made of wood and glass, some are covered by ornamental grilles made of iron and others are crowned with eaves. Also, you can see cantilevered balconies with double doors made of wood and glass secured by brackets. One of the balconies possess a wooden balustrade modulated by piers, hanging lamps and the other one is open and it has iron railings. It can be seen skylights and a balconet in the resting area of he stair with a double door made of wood and glass, framed and crowned with an entablature decorating the facade. Besides that, on the first floor, the entrance is through a portico presided by steps covered by ceramic tiles and an arcade modulated by a compound column on which it can be distinguished an in relief emblem. At the portico it can be appreciated plants in decorative pots, statues and a wall lamp. Besides that, the garden has sidewalks and an old well made of ornamented masonry. El Cortijo was built in 1939 as a summer residence for the family Lozana Fabián, related to the administration of sugar mills in Puerto Rico. Through the years it has changed owners, but its original design has not been altered.

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249



View of the Chardón Zavala family mausoleum at the San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery in Ponce, representative of the funerary architecture of the early 20th Century. This mausoleum has a dome crowned with a cross and pinnacles on the upper corners. It is decorated with vases and tombstones with inscriptions in Spanish that read: "Familia Chardón Zavala", "J.N. Chardón Zavala, Febrero 21 1932, Edad 3 años, Recuerdo de tus padres", "R.I.P. Angelina Zavala Vda. de Chardón, sept de 1981", "El Amado está ahora más que nunca conmigo. Nuestro amor nos unirá para siempre", "R.I.P. Julio N. Chardón 28 de mayo de 1962." Other mausoleums and tombs are also located in the surrounding area. The San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery was erected, blessed, and administered by the Vincentian Fathers for the exclusive use of the wealthy Catholic residents of Ponce and opened in 1901. The layout follows the Spanish tradition of having two main axes forming a cross, and its tombs and mausoleums span varied architectural styles typical of the Spanish Classical Revival through to Art Deco. These display sculptures in marble, granite, and pink Ponce stone, interspersed with less sophisticated funerary monuments designed by unknown local craftsmen. The cemetery also exhibits a group of niches built below ground level, thus giving the effect of catacombs. Many were abandoned or moved to the Ponce Civil Cemetery due to the high cost of maintenance and strict regulations set by the administration.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the rotation rails or cannon marks inside Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan. From this perspective, the parapet, the entrance to the spiral staircase, the semicircular openings in the fort wall, and part of the lighthouse lantern are visible. This fortification was built under the Spanish colonial regime in 1539 and consists of six levels facing the Atlantic Ocean. Its strategic location delimits the entrance to San Juan Bay, one of the most prominent ports in the Caribbean. It was built essentially with walls of local quarries sandstone, vaults and pillars of brick and sand, earth filling between the shelves of the walls; all exposed surfaces inside and out were originally made of plaster. Its last major remodeling was carried out during the 1780s when it was transformed from a medieval tower into a thick-walled masonry fortress capable of resisting the impact of cannonballs. Additional extensions carried out in the late 19th Century, during the First and Second World Wars, were made of concrete. During this period, El Morro was used as a viewing point by the United States Army, known as Fort Brooke, and several facilities were built on its grounds, such as a swimming pool, a golf course, a cinema, and soldiers' housing. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Kitchen under renovation at the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this two-story, reinforced concrete building is associated with the development of the modern apartment house of the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes who were beginning to settle in San Juan. Its architectural style has elements of the Spanish/Mediterranean Renaissance movement. On the left side, there is a concrete wall with a smooth finish. On this wall, there is a ledge made of granite or marble. The back wall has a rectangular Miami-style window. The window incorporates a horizontal lattice design with slats. Just below the window, there are two plumbing connections on the wall. A raised wooden cabinet with smooth doors without visible handles is on the right side. The furniture has a rectangular design and is anchored directly to the wall. A recessed electrical point at a medium height is also on the wall. The floor is made of unfinished concrete. The ceiling is flat concrete with a smooth finish and no ornamental details. A hole in the center is intended for installing an electrical appliance, such as a lamp or fan. The Gay Pride Community organization, founded in 1974, was the first gay/lesbian attempt created in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for $300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, making it its headquarters and providing free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it was dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

ArquiTour 2015 - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00012

ArquiTour 2015 - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00012



There are several Colonial style buildings in Calle Fortaleza in Old San Juan. In the foreground there is a multiple-story building with eaves and satellite antennas. It has a balcony with railings, a double door, and french windows with corrugated metal curtains. In the lower half of the image, three semicircular arches with wooden lattice double doors, street lights, and a sign with the number "1918" on the wall can be partially observed. Next to this building is another building with a pediment, ornamented parapet, and a eave supported by white fluted pilasters. Adjacent to this building is an orange-colored building with plants on the roof, an eave supported by corbels, and a balcony with metal railings. Next to this building is another smaller orange-colored building with white pillars and a utility pole on the roof. The building that follows is light orange with a red-colored eave. It has a sloped structure on the roof as well as, cornices and utility poles. Next to it is a yellow and red-colored building. This building has structure on the roof with a black-colored door, satellite antennas, utility poles, plastic chairs, and machines surround by cyclone mesh fencing. The front façade has curved walls with Miami style windows and a balcony with black-colored railings. Right next to it is another smaller light blue-colored building with eaves and door openings with moldings. The former Casino of Puerto Rico, which is currently known as the Centro de Recepciones Oficiales del Gobierno de Puerto Rico, can be observed in the distance. It is of Beaux-Arts architectural style and it is gray and white. A pediment, cornices, balusters, the ornamented rectangular moldings, six pilasters, and the mansard roof are visible. This building was entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1977. The masonry wall of the Castillo San Cristóbal can also be observed. The embrasures, sentry lookout posts, and the window openings are visible. The Atlantic Ocean, trees, shrubs, palm trees, roads, and vehicles can be seen in this image.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of the St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building is made of concrete and was built in 1916. It exhibits an architectural design similar to British prototypes, such as placing the main entrance on the side of the building and crowning the tower with elements like battlements. Although it is not a Catholic church, it also integrates some typical elements of the Romanesque and Gothic styles. The rectangular floor plan respects the spiritual mandate of orienting the altar towards the east. The main facade features a lowered pointed arch that frames a magnificent stained glass window with religious representations that provide light to the interior. The corner tower contains elongated windows with pointed arches, louvred windows at the top, and stained glass windows with lowered pointed arches at the bottom. The main volume of the building seen on the right has a gabled roof covered with red tiles and crowned with a cross, as well as stained glass windows. The windows feature simple moldings that reinforce the Gothic aesthetic. To the left, a secondary volume can be seen with smaller rectangular openings. The main entrance is slightly elevated, and the walls have discreet buttresses that evoke traditional Gothic forms. The exterior walls have a smooth cream-colored cladding contrasting with the brown base. The building is located on a corner of the Historic District and is surrounded by buildings of different periods and styles. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00004

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00004



View of the building González Marín 101 in the town of Arecibo. It is a building of Neoclassic style made of whitewashed masonry of two floors originally built for comercial and residential purposes. The front facade is of three sections and the side connect through a curved corner. At the ground level, a continuous base secure the building. Surrounding the front facade and side you can see a row of white marble cladding interrupted by the front door flanked by two lamps. The door is double made of glass as well as the windows covered by corrugated metal laminas that are framed with white moldings. The two levels of the blue color building are divided by a white cornice that at the same time holds the front balcony in corbel without railing. The balcony has three double doors with wooden windows framed with moldings and crowned with an entablature. The door of the middle has three pilasters that at the same time hold a pediment. Besides that, at the left side there are several double doors with wooden windows with entablature. The corners of the building are defined by pilasters that secure the superior cornice and a parapet that crown the building as an open balcony. In the surroundings you can see more buildings with different characteristics and vehicles. It was built on 1908, is one of the last buildings designed with the Spanish Neoclassic vocabulary in the island. From its beginning the building had bank institutions until 1930, under the consequences of the great depression, First National City Bank opened its branch, being the first bank from United States in the zone.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



View of the main building of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the facility, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The single-story main building has a symmetrical design, with a more prominent central volume, while the lateral ones extend horizontally. At the main entrance, located in the center, the door is framed with a lobed arch. An exotic tower with rounded arched openings at the top and a complex design contrasts with the simplicity of the rest of the building. Its exterior is divided into three sections that narrow as one ascends. While the first section is an irregular chamfered octagon, the second is a regular octagon. Four panels of the second section are arched and open, while the others are covered with blue and white ceramic tiles. The arched openings at the top are framed by thick arched framing and covered with blue and white square tiles, while the lower parts have similar tiles but with a different pattern. An arched string molding separates the tympanum stringers. Two corbels support the tympanum lintel, giving the opening a more geometrically complicated profile. All components are made of reinforced concrete, which shows the knowledge of how to work the material to obtain complex shapes and figures. A fourth pattern in the band at the top of the first section serves as a transition. The upper part, covered in blue and white tiles forming chevrons, adds movement and polychromatic drama to the tower and facade. Several moldings sit on its top, creating a base for the ball that crowns the composition. The side sections have four narrow rectangular louvred Miami-style windows, protected by metal grilles that provide light and ventilation to the main body of the building. The roof is made of red tiles with a moderate pitch, and it has a simple cornice in the lower sections. The main facade ends in two ‘avant-corps’ or pavilions, on either side of the central body of the building, each with three windows that exhibit the same proportions as those of the main facade. 19th-century architects frequently used these elements that highlight the three-dimensionality of the building and reflect the omnipresent influence of the School of Fine Arts. In this particular case, they are used to complete and balance the composition and to contrast the central section, as they are not covered with a gabled tile roof but instead sport flat, reinforced concrete roofs. The base of the building is painted with a blue plinth that runs along the entire facade, visually delimiting the transition between the ground and the main yellow walls. The building is surrounded by a children's park, trees, a paved path, and a decorative fountain in the foreground. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. In the 1960s, the southeastern part of the district included a third building used as a children's residence that later became an elementary school. The uniqueness of the Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

Buildings of B. Fernández & Hnos., Sucs. in the Infanta Luisa Street of the Neighborhood La Puntilla in the Old San Juan

Buildings of B. Fernández & Hnos., Sucs. in the Infanta Luisa Street of the Neighborhood La Puntilla in the Old San Juan



View towards the Infanta Luisa street and Isabel II in the neighborhood of La Puntilla of the Old San Juan. To the left you can observe buildings that are part to the distributor company B. Fernández & Hnos., Sucs. They have influence of the architectonic styles called Neo-renaissance and Neoclassic. The first one possess an inferior stripe painted with dark green and the upper half with light gray, it has letters on the entrance wall that say: "B. Fernández & Hnos., Sucs.", as well as signs that promote the brands Kellogg's and Budweiser. It shows quoins, wooden windows, arches, rectangles with divisions above the doors and moldings. The one that follows possess an extended balcony with steel balustrades on its second floor, moldings, quoins, cornices and double wooden windows on the third floor. The next one is a light gray building that also has letters on its walls that say: "B. Fernández & Hnos., Sucs." and it stick out a sign promoting the brand Budweiser. It has arches on its first floor, individual balconets with steel balustrades on its second floor, moldings and cornices. From a distance you can observe a cream color and brown building with arches. Additionally, there are automobiles, a paved street with asphaltic concrete, sidewalks, power line poles, a sewer, street lights, trees and palm trees. Subsequently, this area became an apartment complex and the parking lot called La Puntilla.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the port zone within the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. This port was designed following the model of the port city of the Canary Islands, and until the advent of aviation, it was the link that united the island with the rest of the world. An urban design that combines modern elements with integrated vegetation is observed. On the left, a cruise ship is anchored in front of a public area. Pergolas composed of thin metal columns and flat roofs are also observed, which function as shading elements. These pergolas have a modular and minimalist design. The area contains concrete benches and planters that delimit vegetation spaces, palm trees along the road, and metal posts for lighting. There are still old naval properties within this port zone, such as a 1940 Art Deco building belonging to the United States Office of Engineers and eight more in that style belonging to the United States Department of Health. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Facade of the United States Corps of Engineers office building in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building has an Art Deco style design, characterized by straight lines and a predominant symmetry. It is rectangular in plan and organized in horizontal and vertical sections. The main facade comprises a series of repetitive modules of rectangular windows with simple frames evenly distributed on all levels. Each window is framed by smooth vertical panels that create a geometric order. The central volume of the building is slightly raised, with a protruding body that emphasizes the main entrance. This volume has three tall, thin windows arranged vertically, contrasting the overall horizontal proportions. Above these windows, at the top, there is a decorative element with an emblem. The stairs leading to the main entrance are flanked by metal railings, maintaining a simple and functional design. The building is finished with a smooth coating in shades of gray. It does not feature elaborate ornamentation, limiting itself to clean lines and flat surfaces, emphasizing functionality over decoration. The roof of the building is flat, with no prominent cornices, while the side walls maintain the continuity of the modular design with windows similar to those of the main façade. In the immediate surroundings, additional elements such as palm trees lined in front of the building and traffic signs can be observed. Additional functional details are also observed, such as a lighting system on the upper part, security cameras, and ventilation grilles in the lower areas of the building. The first office in Puerto Rico of the United States Army Corps of Engineers was established in 1905 in the Old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in Old San Juan. In 1940, the Caribbean Engineering Division was created, and a new building was established in Puerta de Tierra. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00002

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00002



Lateral view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three floors with characteristics of the Neoclassic style with concrete. The side facade is divided in several sections. Horizontally, the building is divided in two parts, the base level and two superior levels. The second and third level have door openings and rectangular windows with flat frames. The double doors made of wood conduct to a balcony with balustrades supported by decorative brackets. There are small balconies with rounded corners and balconies of two rectangular sections. Between the balconies there are flutted pilasters that support an entablature with ornamental frieze, continuous cornice and dentils. Besides that, crowning the building you can see a parapet with balustrade and roman amphorae. Also, you can see an extension of the construction on a smaller size with glass doors and lattice style windows made of glass crowned with roman amphorae. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is bases in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years ha been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences became comercial spaces.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00014

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00014



Lateral view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. At the foreground, you can see a concrete fence with metallic grilles and parked vehicles in the paved street. The building has three levels with characteristics of the Neoclassic style in concrete. The side facade is divided in several sections horizontally, the base level and two superior levels. The base level has entrances under semicircular arches framed with moldings. Additionally, the arches are covered with metallic grilles. The second level has double wooden doors and windows with rectangular persiennes with flat frames. The doors conduct to a balcony with balustrades secured with decorative brackets. It has balconies of a section with rounded corners and balconies of two rectangular sections. The balconies are flanked by flutted pilasters secured by a continuous cornice and under which there is a series of relief lion heads. To the right far end there is a building attached with roof tiles and an opening presided by a metallic railing and a cloth curtain. Also, you can see a sign that says: "Dental Familiar García-s... Frank Garc... 878-4121". The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned to residences became comercial spaces.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of the south facade of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. A linear perspective view of two side walls of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage shows signs of loss of the stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry, representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style. Its architectural plan consists of a single nave bisected by a transept crowned with a dome at its intersection. In the background, the altar space framed by a corniced arch, the western vestry, and the compacted earth floor can be seen. The left wall has several openings, one corresponding to a central door and three to side windows. The original roof has completely disappeared, as has the dome lantern, the main south facade, all the doors and windows, and the east sacristy. In the rear left corner, a support building from the former dairy farm belonging to that property remains. The immediate surroundings are a vacant lot with grassy areas and exposed soil. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



Perspective of the Mixing Chamber and Valve House of the San Juan Waterworks complex. The building, built between 1894 and 1896, was designed by municipal engineer Arturo Guerra, following the original scheme by the Spaniard Fernando Alameda in 1887 and incorporating the Spanish colonial architectural style, representative of most public and private buildings on the island during the 19th and early 20th Centuries. It is rectangular and has two levels: the lower level was used to house the distribution well, and the upper level was used for administrative purposes. Three arched access openings with simple moldings and a stepped cornice at the top can be seen. The original well chamber was altered in 1923 when the two-story, flat-roofed reinforced concrete structure crowned the old masonry building. This new extension was also built following the Spanish colonial style and was designed by local engineer Rafael Del Valle Zeno. This building sits on a set of walls and architectural elements that form the settling basins. The walls are thick, built with stones and masonry. The edges of the walls have straight lines and well-defined corners, while some sections show wear or invasion by plants. In the background, dense trees create a contrast with the built elements. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Oliver Building - 86002764

Oliver Building - 86002764



Side view of the Oliver Building in the coastal town of Arecibo. The building has three levels, and the facade is divided into seven sections. Horizontally, the building is divided into two parts: the ground floor and two upper floors. The base is formed by an arcade of semicircular and horseshoe arches framed by continuous moldings crossing the pillars at the impost level. Under the archway are double-leaf wooden doors crowned with sunrise transoms. The second and third levels have rectangular doors and windows with flat frames. Openings with double-leaf wooden doors surmounted by transoms lead to balconies with balusters supported by decorative corbels under which are a series of lions' heads in relief. Two rectangular sections make up the balconies. Between the balconies, fluted pilasters support an entablature. Crowning the building is a parapet with a balustrade and Roman amphorae. Next to the building, cars are parked on the street. The Oliver Building was innovative as it was the first building in Arecibo to utilize the urban concept of apartment living together with commercial viability. It was the first to incorporate reinforced concrete construction methods in the Arecibo region. It also was the first structure in Arecibo to address the street and plaza on a diagonal by using a chamfered corner entrance. In brief, the building represents the arrival of modernization and then current urban concepts in the northwestern region of Puerto Rico. Architecturally, the ornamentation reflects the Beaux Arts School of thought, spreading Europe and America, arriving in Puerto Rico with Spanish influence, and incorporating elements of traditional Spanish design, such as arcades and massive wall articulation. The surroundings of the building have parked cars and people walking by. The Oliver Building was built in 1914. Over the years, it has been used as a residential and commercial space and headquarters of several important foreign consulates. It was restored in the 1980s, and all spaces allocated for housing were converted into commercial spaces.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Low-angle view of the San Luis Condominium in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. This condominium was designed by René O. Ramírez and built in 1962 for middle-class residents. Reinforced concrete piles support the body of the building, which exhibits multiple angles and cantilevered sections. It has nine floors with a modernist design. The facade is composed of straight lines and protruding volumes that generate a depth effect. The windows are of different sizes and framed with dark metal profiles. The building has balconies closed with glass, which adds a uniform appearance to the exterior. Air conditioners are installed in several windows, and a combination of smooth and rough surfaces are on the walls. The ground floor has a covered access and a parking area. The name of the building, "San Luis 54," is seen above the main entrance. The San Luis Condominium exemplifies, in a creative and distinguished way, the architectural transformations that the historic district experienced during the second half of the 20th Century. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. Part of the facade of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage can be seen, showing the loss of the stucco finish and the exposed brick and stone masonry, all representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style. The central plane shows a ruined, single-story building, missing its original wooden roof, doors, windows, and main facade. A section with an irregularly shaped brick and stone wall and an arched opening stands out. A wooden beam in the upper left corner is in poor condition, and vegetation is growing on the wall. The immediate surroundings are a vacant lot with grassy areas and exposed soil. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



View of a railing at Rafael Cordero Secondary School, also known as Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. The ornamentation is primarily concentrated on the main facade, including Tuscan columns and this type of railing on the second floor. This railing comprises two decorative concrete panels, each with a geometric design forming an eight-division pattern. Each panel has a circle in the center from which diagonal lines radiate, dividing the space into triangular sections. The railing is painted in two shades: yellow for the interior surfaces and blue for the edges, creating a contrast that highlights the design details. Cylindrical columns frame the painted yellow panels with a blue base. In the background, the school's front garden can be seen. Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its era in Puerto Rico and maintains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts the distinctive features of early 20th-century school buildings while simultaneously claiming individual distinction.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Interior perspective of the postern gate of San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. This space is characterized by a semicircular arch, and through it, the bridge with a parapet interrupted by a pillar with a cap is visible. Also notable is a warning sign that reads: "VISITORS CAUTION. GOLF PLAYERS HIT GOLF BALLS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS ACROSS ROADWAY TO YOUR IMMEDIATE FRONT." The walls are made of limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and in the background, palm trees and vegetation can be seen. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Side section view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, in the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. A section of the bridge with elliptical arches supported by rectangular pillars is notable. The bridge surface features a concrete parapet with embossed geometric details and signs of wear and graffiti. The bridge spans the San Antonio Channel and features a steel and concrete superstructure and a concrete substructure. The concrete was poured in situ, and the surfaces were covered with rough concrete stucco and smooth whitewash on all frames. On the far right of the bridge is a wider pillar with a plaque indicating the completion date: "C.F. de P.R. 1932." Behind the railway bridge, part of the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, designed by Rafael Carmoega, can be seen. It features concrete railings with iron grilles and modern streetlights along its entire length. In the background, the Puerto Rico Convention Center, a building under construction, and a Sizzler restaurant can be seen on the left. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original rail network in San Juan.

San Blas de Illescas Church – 8400046

San Blas de Illescas Church – 8400046



Interior of San Blas de Illescas Church in Coamo, with a perspective towards the altar. The interior consists of a nave and two corridors. The division of the space is accentuated by arcades that rest on rectangular pillars that integrate pilasters, flanked by representations of the Stations of the Cross. A cornice extends over the arches, and skylights with grilles are visible above them. These arches, perpendicular to the nave, support the masonry barrel vault that covers the interior space. In the background, the apse crowned with a dome that rests on pendentives stands out. Also noteworthy are the altar table, the tabernacle, and several sculptural and pictorial representations of the Catholic Christian iconography located between a pair of niches, columns, pendentives, and an arch. On both sides of the altar are doors leading to the sacristies and two vertical signs with Spanish inscriptions that read: "May your spirit... the face of the earth" and "Christ says the spirit will bear witness to me." The church floor has marble tiles that alternate white and gray tones, forming a checkered motif. Two people are visible under one of the arches and near the chairs that cover the nave. The San Blas de Illescas Church used to have elaborate brick and masonry sections from 1661, and construction was completed in 1784. However, it was damaged during the 1867 earthquake; later, it was repaired, maintaining the original design and construction elements.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



An oblique view of the Cathay restaurant, located on Ponce de Leon Avenue in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The building was built in the 1950s and displays traditional Chinese elements. The roof has curved orange ceramic tiles arranged in rows, with ornamental borders featuring decorative details typical of Chinese temples. The facade combines exposed brick walls with red painted moldings around the windows, which are rectangular and elongated, aligned at the top. On the ground floor, the entrance is protected by a small overhanging roof built in the same style as the main roof. To the left of the entrance, a green sign called "CATHAY" protrudes from the wall. To the right of the entrance is a round window with a red frame. Higher up, a vertical sign hangs from the edge of the building, indicating a restaurant. On the right side, an adjacent building of modern design can be seen, with straight lines, white and gray paint, and pergola-like metal structures protruding from the upper windows. The surroundings include trees, a blue-painted curb, a yellow fire hydrant, and a pedestrian crossing in the foreground. To the rear of the building is a modern-style high-rise building. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Linear view of the exterior staircase of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was drawn up by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, the central promenade, plaza, and north promenade were paved with granite, and this rectangular black granite fountain with a modern and minimalist design was also added. Built on different levels, it is flanked by retaining walls clad with irregular, natural-toned stone and a central dividing wall. Planters are integrated into the walls and serve as planters for decorative plants. The walls are topped with simple concrete moldings with rectangular shapes and straight lines. The staircase features stainless steel handrails. At the top, there are metal lampposts with a classic design. In the background is a high-rise building with a rectilinear facade and balconies, which contrasts with the horizontal, stepped design of the foreground. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Oblique view of the Dr. Ramón Mellado Parsons Building located on Avenida Constitución, in the Historic District of Puerta de Tierra in San Juan. The building was designed by architect Henry Klumb and built in the 1950s. It is a modern-style building with three levels and an additional roof that functions as a terrace on top. The design is simple and functional, with straight lines and geometric shapes. The walls are painted in cream tones. On the facade are windows of different sizes in horizontal rows, some covered with shutters. The terrace on the upper level has metal railings and a small zinc roof. On the second level is a series of sliding windows with aluminum frames. There is a staircase where the main entrance is located, protected by a small portico. Above the entrance is the name of the building: "Edificio Dr. Mellado Parsons, Senado de Puerto Rico," along with the coat of arms of the Senate of Puerto Rico. In front of the building is a ramp with metal railings that allows wheelchair access and a small garden with low plants and bushes. Next to the building are tall palm trees and several modern buildings. In the foreground, a car is parked on the street, and road safety barrels are blocking access. The building housed the offices of the Senate Document Administration and was named in honor of the multifaceted educator and Secretary of Public Instruction of Puerto Rico (1969-1971), Dr. Ramón Mellado Parsons. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of a residential building on San Juan Bautista Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. It is a two-story building with a modern architectural design and traditional elements. The main facade is painted gray, with wooden windows and white metal bars on the openings. On the first level, there are two large windows with bars and an access door with an arch decorated with a mosaic border. The second level features a balcony with metal railings, decorated with small geometric details and wide openings, including wooden windows and glass doors. The design combines straight and simple lines with some ornamental details, such as the entrance arch and decorative mosaics. On the sides, other buildings can be seen, one of them orange with symmetrical windows and white moldings. In front of the building are vehicles parked on the street and a tree that partially covers the top view of the building. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Graded School - 10001217

Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Graded School - 10001217



Interior view of the Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Community School Auditorium in Santa Isabel. The school, built in 1906, is a notable example of 20th-century educational architecture on the island, combining Neoclassical elements with modern construction techniques. The auditorium, built later in 1932, is made of reinforced concrete with a flat concrete roof and parapet. The design is open, originally constructed of wooden planks over a concrete floor, a raised stage at the west end, and two rooms at opposite ends of the stage. All of these elements are still present; however, the floor and stage were reconstructed in concrete during the 1950s. The focal point in this 2010 image is a raised stage with two side staircases decorated with pedestals holding potted plants at both ends, and another rectangular stage in the center. In the background, two red and blue curtains are suspended from the wall. The side walls of the stage include wooden doors leading to wings on both sides. Along the classroom walls are windows with red curtains and metal grilles. Air vents are also visible. The false acoustic ceiling is composed of rectangular panels and light fixtures. The concrete floor is painted dark red and shows signs of wear. Several children's decorative elements are painted on the walls. The Dr. Martín G. Brumbaugh Community School represents the initial stage of the social project undertaken by the United States in Puerto Rico to promote education and economic well-being, combined with the political project of promoting American values ​​and the acculturation process of Puerto Rican society. It is also architecturally significant, as it exemplifies the harmonious combination of three distinctive construction periods, where the original construction technology and materials can still be appreciated. The Design Department of the Schools Division created the original plan, which was completed in 1906. In 1913, renowned architect and designer Blas Silva added four concrete classrooms and two bathrooms. The plans for this expansion were signed by architect Adrian Finlayson, whose name is associated with many public buildings constructed during that period. The auditorium, designed by architect Francisco Porrata Doria, was built in 1932, consolidating the school's presence as an important civic center. Architecturally, the school stands out for its durability, the preservation of its original elements, and as a testament to the evolution of construction techniques in Puerto Rico.

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00042

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00042



The Ateneo Puertorriqueño located at Puerta de Tierra in Old San Juan. It was founded in 1876 and built by the engineer Ramón Carbia Burt in 1923. It is the oldest cultural institution in Puerto Rico, also known as "La Docta Casa." Its architectural style is representative of the Moorish Revival style. It was nominated to enter the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is painted white and terracotta. The side facade of the building can be observed. There is a flat roof with parapets, moldings at the top, and an extension of the building with eaves covered by tiles. It also has six glass windows with hinged wooden frames and a rectangular tile. It has another extension of the building with white ornamentations at the top. A parking lot with several cars, utility poles, and trees can be observed on the left side of the image. The Ateneo Puertorriqueño was founded to promote the theater, music, film, literature, history, science, the moral and political sciences, and the visual arts in Puerto Rico. Adjacent to it is the tile-covered hip roof of the Carnegie Library. This building represents the Neoclassical architecture style and was designed by Ramón Carbia Burt in 1915. The upper part of the Casa de España building can be seen next to the library. This building was designed by the architect Pedro de Castro y Besosa in 1932. It has several towers and a hipped roof and is covered in blue and white tiles. The building is representative of the Moorish and Spanish Revival architectural styles. The Capitol of Puerto Rico can also be observed in the background. This building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and is made out of concrete and white marble. It was designed by Rafael Carmoega in 1929. The top of the building has a hemispherical dome with glass windows in its drum, and a lantern crowns it. Several high-rise buildings and trees can be seen in the distance, as well as the Atlantic Ocean.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110



View of the lobby's spiral staircase of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. In the foreground, part of the reinforced concrete staircase is being restored, featuring a curved, minimalist design characteristic of mid-20th-century modern styles. Ascending to the second floor, in full view of the first and second-floor lobbies, the staircase, without bottom support, cascades downwards on both sides. The narrow steps with curved edges at the top widen near the base as they appear to merge. Each flight of steps curves toward the center of the lobby, toward the main entrance on the south facade. It exhibits a smooth finish at the bottom and exposed concrete edges, showing signs of deterioration and its lost original coating. Echoing the transitional details in the lobby floors and on the landings that launch it to each level, the staircase is clad with black terrazzo along its riser, riser, and top and bottom corner details. A temporary wooden railing is placed at the edge of the stairs, and in the background, concrete walls and columns show signs of wear and deterioration. The building is currently undergoing renovation, allowing exposed, unfinished concrete to be seen. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Street view flanked by a series of buildings in the Old San Juan Historic District. The buildings are built primarily of masonry, with smooth walls and light-colored paint finishes varying between blue, white, and other pastel colors. Each building features simple framed openings and ornamental metal grilles of functional design. Rectilinear moldings that form small cornices can be seen above the windows and doors, providing a decorative detail characteristic of this architectural style. Cornices run along the upper edge of the facades on the upper level, visually separating the wall from the flat roofs. Some buildings exhibit additional details, such as small planters or balustrades on the upper edges, indicating the presence of terraces or balconies. The street is paved with cobblestones, a typical element of historic urban architecture. A slightly raised edge delimits the sidewalks, and wrought iron lighting poles add a traditional touch to the urban design, with simple details in the architectural setting. There are cars parked along the right side of the street. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



View of the communal dining area of ​​the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. On the left are rectangular tables surrounded by chairs. These tables are for communal use. The chairs have a simple design and are arranged around the tables, some of which are occupied by people. Along the wall next to the tables are several dark-colored columns integrated into the wall, lattice windows, and a green double door in the background. In the center, along the hallway, are a series of black cylindrical structural columns. Some columns have electric air vents and light fixtures. In the center and background, the hallway continues to other building areas. The floor is dark-colored polished cement, shiny and reflecting the ceiling lights. The ceiling is relatively low, with several structural beams visible, and is equipped with multiple fluorescent light fixtures and several electrical conduit tubes. Overall, the space displays a combination of functionality and basic design. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or the Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows the loss of the stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. Lintelled openings corresponding to the entrance door and three windows are also visible. The roof has completely collapsed, exposing its interior. The exterior facade is in an advanced state of deterioration with cracks, loose material, and vegetation growing on the walls. On the right, a rusty water tank can be seen inside a concrete block with four columns. Adjacent to the main building is a rectangular white hut of reinforced masonry with two openings and a collapsed roof. The surroundings are flat land, covered in grass and weeds, with an asphalt road surrounding the ruins. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage and bear witness to the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



View of an open hallway in the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. The walls are smooth and painted a light color, with a concrete railing on the left side serving as the hallway boundary. Above this railing is a metal security fence with simple decorative details that extends from the railing to the ceiling. Additional protective mesh is also installed over the fence. Along the right wall are several open metal gates. The hallway is supported by round concrete columns distributed throughout the space. The floor comprises square slabs in alternating shades of beige and brown, arranged in a staggered pattern. Along the ceiling are several square-shaped light fixtures aligned in the center of the hallway. The hallway also has areas for a small garden along the lower edges of both walls. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the playground at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. In the late 1940s, a park section was permanently converted into a children's playground filled with sand from Escambrón Beach. Later, in 2003, architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni intervened in the park's design, adding new elements, including a complete playground renovation. In the foreground, swings composed of vertical red metal pillars supporting a yellow horizontal bar can be seen. Two semicircular swing seats hang from this bar, suspended by metal chains. In the background, a children's playhouse stands out. It has a simple design with a sloping roof and is constructed of smooth, colorful panels. The panels have elongated rectangular openings that function as windows. A raised wooden base supports the walls and roof. In the background, additional elements such as round steps and a climbing net are present. Surrounding the area are elements such as lampposts and a low concrete wall, with stone masonry details that delimit the space. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel - 08001110



Oblique view of the rear of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Revival style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. The building is shaped like three superimposed rectangles. On the first level, nine semicircular arches and galleries serve as intermediate transition points, allowing for simultaneous exploration of the interior and exterior spaces. Insisting on its essential Spanish character, its builders used ceramic tiles on its sloping roof and arched openings on its first two levels. It has a facade of simple, symmetrical lines, with rectangular windows, all with dark green frames that contrast with the light hue of the wall surfaces. The base of the building sits on a raised platform overlooking the beach, and the lower sections show signs of wear, possibly due to environmental damage from the waves. Men can be seen carrying out construction work below the cement portico on the ground floor. The upper levels feature less decoration and a more functional appearance. In the background, several modern cement buildings can be seen along the coast. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Detail of a pedestal at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Tower of the University of Puerto Rico entrance at the Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. This pedestal displays the educational emblem representing the main schools of the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras. This representation consists of a lamp resting on a book framed in a shield and molding. The design of the Tower was commissioned to the designer William Schimmelpfenning, of Texan origin and a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate, by the chief architect Rafael Carmoega. Using elements of the Spanish Gothic and Baroque Revival styles, its construction began in 1937, and once completed in 1939, it was inaugurated and named after the then-President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Tower and the Quadrangle constitute the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. The work was carried out by Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega. The entrance plaza of the tower and the interior courtyard of the Quadrangle, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of ​​San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work and the same design, and share the historical and aesthetic values ​​of the rest of the campus.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of a large room, west of the quarter's portico of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, located in La Puntilla area in San Juan. In this space are visible the ceiling beams, the openings for windows and doors with rectangular shapes, and semicircular arches. Several mullions are also seen above the windows. The wall surfaces are partially covered with plaster, and the material has come off in some places. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Arsenal integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the bridge across the San Felipe del Morro Castle's moat in San Juan. This bridge extends over a set of semicircular arches and leads to the sally port gate of the fort. The door is incorporated into a portico with columns that support an entablature and a triangular pediment. The fort wall displays a cantilevered course and a crenelated parapet at the top. The lighthouse also exhibits finials in the shape of small sentry boxes, windows in the shape of semicircular arches, and a lantern. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



View of a hallway in the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. The walls are smooth and painted a light color, without ornaments or decorative details. The floor comprises square tiles in alternating shades of beige and brown, arranged in a staggered pattern. Along the ceiling are several square-shaped light fixtures, aligned in the center of the hallway. On the right wall are several open metal gates. On the left side are doors connecting to other building areas. A series of narrow rectangular windows and glass louver windows are at the top of both walls. The hallway also has a location for a small garden at the right edge of the floor. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of a keyhole arch and a door in the quarters of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, located in La Puntilla area, San Juan. A four-leaf door with panels and glass slats stands out through the keyhole arch. A transom is seen over the door. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Arsenal integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Entrance to the Julio García Díaz building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. The wooden double-leaf door has panels, and above it, a pillar and a sign in Spanish that reads: "Julio García Díaz Natural Sciences.” The portal features an arch with a keystone, moldings, imposts, ornate spandrels, and an intrados that integrates square coffers. The pilasters flanking this portal support a cornice from which a parapet is ornamented with foliate motifs, shields, and two pinnacles. There are windows with horizontal louver-type slats, a cantilevered course, another cornice, and another parapet decorated similarly to the one below the windows. The name of the scientific discipline is visible between the upper parapet and the windows: "Biology." A person can be seen on the stairs in front of the door. This building was built in 1936 and exhibits architectural elements characteristic of the Spanish Revival period. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of La Trinidad bastion, seen from the north and second levels of the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. La Trinidad is a five-sided bastion built on three levels to accommodate the sloping terrain. They have straight stairs on their sides that provide access to the upper gun decks. The walls of these outbuildings are made of sandstone blocks and bricks, and the surfaces are plastered. A parking lot with several cars is visible between the counterguard and the main fort of the castle. In the background, trees and several modern concrete buildings stand out. The San Cristóbal Castle was the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



View of the side and rear of the Teachers' Temple, also known as the Puerto Rico Teachers Association's headquarters, in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The side wall features a simple and rectangular shape. The upper level has false windows with simple moldings, aligned symmetrically and topped with fan-shaped mullions, better known in Puerto Rico as truncated suns. On the lower level, unadorned rectangular windows contrast with the upper ones. These symmetrically aligned windows lack arches and exhibit a more functional design, with straight moldings bordering each opening. A rusty metal door serves as the only visible access. In the foreground, separated by a pedestrian path, is an abandoned concrete shed that may have been used as a utility or storage room. It has an entrance with a rusty frame, but no door. To the left is another similar opening, protected by an iron fence. Several electrical panels can be seen to the right on the first level of the cement building. The edge of the flat roof features a simple cornice with signs of rust at the joints. A metal antenna rises above the roof. The building shows signs of abandonment on the ground, with a mixture of grassy areas and paved sections. Loose cables and exposed pipes can be seen hanging from the wall. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



An oblique view of the YMCA building, also known as the Olympic House, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The three-story Young Men's Christian Association building, or YMCA, was built by Corydon Tyler Purdy of Purdy and Henderson and designed by New York architect B.V. White, using a Neoclassical architectural style with Greek Revival influences. It opened in 1913. The walls are smooth and ochre-colored with white trims. The first floor features a central portico with double columns supporting an entablature with a projecting cornice. The three windows with semicircular arches on each side of the portico comprise glass panels and white wooden shutters. The second floor features rectangular windows adorned with white frames, double-leaf wooden shutters, and, in some cases, balconettes. The third floor features a white cornice around the building, decorated with horizontal moldings and simple geometric details. Above the cornice, a cement balustrade crowns the building and reinforces the classic character of the design. Ornamental details, such as medallions and small decorative elements in relief, are placed above the windows of the upper level, providing a visual contrast to the design. The YMCA was practically the cradle of sports in Puerto Rico since it housed the first public swimming pool, the first public indoor basketball court, and the first public gymnasium on the island. It is strategically located in the Historic District and is part of the sequence of the most significant monumental buildings in the capital city. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2009

Banco Popular de Puerto Rico - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2009



Banco Popular of Puerto Rico located in Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1939, designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley, and built by the engineers José Benítez y Gautier, Manuel Miró y Saudí, and Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo. The bank was built where the Banco Territorial y Agrícola of Puerto Rico was originally located during the 19th century. The image shows stairs with railings, several palm trees, shrubs, and streetlights, one of which has a sign that reads "Tizol." The Finlay building is on the left side of the image, which used to be the former Citibank building and, later, home of the Old Harbor Brewery. This building is painted cream and white. It has moldings, a fluted pilaster, brise-soleils, and glass windows. The Banco Popular of Puerto Rico can be seen in the center of the image. The building is representative of the Art Deco architectural style. It is painted cream, white, and green. It has a curved facade with rectangular glass windows, metal frames, and overhangs at the top. The main entrance has eight sculptural reliefs with representations of human faces and a stained glass window in between the reliefs. There is a high relief with an eagle figure on the left side of the facade. Adjacent to the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico is the old American Colonial Bank which later became the Ponce Credit and Savings Bank. This was the first American bank established in Puerto Rico. It was built in 1899 by contractor Frank Bond Hatch. It is currently known as the Restaurante Triana. It is painted red, cream, and white. The Spanish Colonial Revival style influences its architecture. The lower part of the building has arcades supported by pilasters, cornices, and circular shaped ornamentations. The upper half has an eave covered in tiles supported by corbels; it also has parapets with railings, double-leaf doors framed by pilasters, and semicircular pediments at the top. Another building is next to it, painted turquoise and white. It also has architectural traits from the Spanish Colonial Revival style. Only the upper half of the building can be seen in the image. This building has parapets, cornices, dentils, window sills with balusters, and double-leaf doors with triangular pediments.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Ruins of one of the support buildings, west of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. This small concrete building and six other resources (a water tower, two support buildings, and two feeders near a wooded area) operated within the property and were associated with a dairy farm in the 20th Century. The facade reveals two rectangular openings of equal dimensions, without frames, doors, or a roof. The walls show signs of deterioration, including cracks, loose material, and moisture stains. The building's surroundings are flat land with dry grass and trees in the background. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.



View of the covered terrace on the southeast corner of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's residence, also known as Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's Residence and Library, in the affluent urban environment of Condado in San Juan. The house was built in 1940 and exhibits a sober Spanish Renaissance style. The terrace is accessible from the patio and from inside the house and shows a flat concrete roof with a hanging light fixture. To the left is a wide arched opening covered by ornamental iron railings with curvilinear designs and a smooth-finished concrete bench that functions as a seat or ledge. In the background, a white wooden double-leaf door with rectangular glass panels connects to the house's living room. To the right is a set of iron furniture with patterned cushions and, at the top of the wall, three white wooden shutters. The floor is covered with dark red native tiles contrasting the smooth cream-colored walls. The exterior area visible through the opening displays vegetation, including palm trees and shrubs. This property was the residence and workplace of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez, one of the most prominent female voices of the Generation of Thirty, a middle-class Creole literary movement of the 1930s that, in response to U.S. control over the island, shaped Puerto Rican cultural identity. She co-founded the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Puerto Rico and achieved international recognition for her in-depth critical essays and studies of Puerto Rican and Latin American literature. She died in 1983, leaving the house in her will to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which converted it into a library in the 1990s.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Oblique view of the facade of the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this building is associated with the development of modern apartment houses in the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes who were beginning to settle in San Juan. This style combines Hispanic and Mediterranean elements, standing out for its wide balconies, decorative arches, concrete ornamentation, and the use of ornamental tiles, as well as glass mosaics. Its rectangular floor plan is made of reinforced concrete and has two levels. The facade of the first level has a wide porch, protected by a black iron fence, which extends along the entire ground floor. The entrance has two double-leaf wooden doors with glass mullions. On the upper level, an expansive terrace is enclosed by a concrete railing with diamond-shaped and drop-shaped perforations topped with a row of metal gratings. The terrace roof has slightly sloping eaves with clay tiles replicated on the roof of the small balcony at the bottom of the stairs. Ornamental bands and imposts are also seen on the columns. Originally, this facade was profusely adorned with brightly colored glass mosaics, but multiple layers of paint later covered them and, in some cases, cement stucco. Decorative painting is seen on the front wall. The side openings are also topped by triangular headers whose angles match the front ones. The windows are narrow and elongated, covered with Miami-type metal shutters and small eaves on the second level. The roof is flat, with tiles on the front and a simple molding that borders the building, adding to its traditional appearance. To the left of the building is a cement staircase that ends in a small balcony, sheltered by a terracotta tile roof and enclosed with concrete balusters, which serves as the entrance to the second-floor unit. The immediate surroundings include a concrete wall covered in graffiti. To the right is a building with similar features but with additional details such as columns and pediments. In the foreground is a sidewalk with a yellow painted edge, a modern lamppost with a sign reading "No Estacione," and a paved street. The Gay Pride Community, founded in 1974, was the first gay/lesbian attempt to organize in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for $300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, which became its headquarters and provided free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

Armstrong-Toro Residence - 87001821

Armstrong-Toro Residence - 87001821



Main facade of the Armstrong-Toro Residence, also known as the House of the Caryatides, located on Unión Street in the town of Ponce. The two-story house was built on masonry. Its facade features a stone base with balustraded parapets and two caryatids raised on pedestals flanking the entrance. The central semicircular arch with a keystone encases the main door, which is made of carved wood and has a fanlight protected by a decorative wrought iron grille. On both sides of the entrance are paired arches with Corinthian columns. On the corners and the second level of the residence are pilasters with capitals of the Ionic order. Also, balconies on corbels, balustrades, iron railings, and double-leaf doors with louver panels and fanlights. The upper part features a frieze, a cornice, and a parapet with ornamental finials. On the north end of the residence, there is a concrete garage door with decorative wrought iron grilles that covers from the ground floor to the mezzanine level, creating a side terrace for the upper floor. This garage door was added after the earthquake of 1918. A person is visible on one of the balconies, while in front of the residence, there are also several cars and trucks, as well as a light post. The Armstrong-Toro residence was built in 1899 for Carlos Armstrong-Toro, one of Puerto Rico's first bankers and founder of Banco de Ponce and Banco Crédito de Ahorro Ponceño. Manuel V. Domenech developed the Eclectic architectural design of this residence, and the sculptural decoration is attributed to the craftsman by trade, Elías Concepción.

City Hall - 86003197

City Hall - 86003197



Lateral perspective of the City Hall in Ponce, located to the left of the Moscoso Pharmacy and across from Banco de Ponce. The building features an Isabelline Neoclassical style and a symmetrical composition characteristic of 19th-century Spanish civil architecture. The facade of the Town Hall features two levels with rustication, a pedimented frontispiece with a clock and weathervane at the top, flanked by pairs of small Tuscan pilasters, topped by paneling and an extended cornice. Baluster railings create five balconettes on the second level, and framed windows extend upward to incorporate freestanding moldings in the architrave. The Moscoso Pharmacy (first building on the right) also features a two-story facade with display cases, corbels, a balcony with metal railings, an ornamental frieze, a cornice, and a balustraded parapet. Banco de Ponce, seen in the background, displays a Beaux-Arts architectural style, with a facade composed of an aedicule flanked by monumental pilasters that accentuate the entrance. In front of the City Hall are parked cars and several people, and on the opposite side of the street, the steps and light poles of the Las Delicias plaza can be seen. Electric cables, poles, and traffic control signs can also be seen in the foreground. The City Hall in Ponce was designed by the Royal Corps of Engineers of Spain and built between 1846 and 1848. It was the first government building erected in that city, and it incorporates elements designed to display a defensive and military character, dominating the street wall between buildings of similar character and demonstrating the Spanish concept of the urban plaza. Although its interior was altered during the 20th Century in response to the growing needs of municipal government, the exterior has maintained its individual and contextual integrity.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



View of the Teachers' Temple main entrance in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The two-story concrete building maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, it combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade, with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style on the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The entrance door is made of wood with raised moldings and a geometric pattern with framed shapes at the bottom. It is flanked by pilasters decorated with reliefs and composite columns under a cornice. A molding of eggs and darts crowns the frieze, and above it, a raised design topped with a set of urns at the corners, and a central leaf design surrounding a bronze medallion with the logo of the "Tribunal General de Justicia," which is of a later date. The building's original medallion was demolished, and judging by the traces still visible on the wall, there is evidence that it was once larger. Two additional wooden doors can be seen on either side of the main door, each displaying panels with arched details. The floor of the entrance portico has tiles forming a yellow and green checkered pattern surrounded by continuous pieces of pink terrazzo at the edges, all separated by bronze joints. Above the doors, rectangular arched windows allow light into the interior vestibule. The facade wall shows signs of moisture, cracks, and discolored paint. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the facade of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. It is a symmetrical and modern reinforced concrete building with columns and beams that give it a sense of lightness. The windows with horizontal metal slats on the second level, the wide glass panels and wrought iron railings on the third, and the low ceiling and dark walls of the first level also emphasize the illusion of a floating and light building. In the center is a protruding glass section, with a staircase visible from the outside, supported by white vertical columns. In front is a reflective pond with a central fountain surrounded by green areas. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the postern gate from the Plaza de Armas of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. This space forms the entrance to the fort and is distinguished by its semicircular arches. At one end of an arch, there is a noticeable sign that reads: "VISITORS CAUTION. GOLF PLAYERS HIT GOLF BALLS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS ACROSS ROADWAY TO YOUR IMMEDIATE FRONT." The walls are made of limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and through the arch, one can see the fort's bridge, palm trees, and vegetation. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Construction of the Building of El Imparcial in the Marina Street of the Old San Juan

Construction of the Building of El Imparcial in the Marina Street of the Old San Juan



Construction in the Marina street of the Old San Juan. You can observe a street with construction materials in front, and several buildings on its surroundings. The building that is under construction is the one will be the radio and newspaper El Imparcial, it has a cargo truck in front, wooden scaffolding on its walls, doors with arch shape, white wooden windows, several letters painted on its walls that indicates names of companies, glass sash windows and a fire scape stair. Near you can see the steel rods, can barrels and tanks to preserve gas. From a distance there is the building of the Popular Bank of Puerto Rico that has the architectonic design of the Art Deco and is painted with white color with yellow details. Possess a tower that stick out from its roof and some letters forming the name of the building with an analog clock that shows the time. It is followed by the edifice of the Antiguo Correo y la Corte Federal José V. Toledo that has the influence of several architectonic movements like Beaux-arts, the Federal style and the Spanish Renaissance. Is built with concrete and limestone, it has cream and gray colors, part of its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and another part it has the aspect of a tower with roof extensions with the shape of lantern. Then there is the Ochoa building that is cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, arches in the first floor facade and you can observe several antennas on its roof. To its right side it has a gray and mustard building that on one side is a press and stationery and on the other is a nightclub. It has arches, pilasters and moldings. The windows and doors are made of wood and there is a green awning in the first floor. In 1915 this place was a cinema called Tres Banderas. The following building is gray with white parts, has the architectonic style of the Neo-renaissance with arches, pilasters, rosettes, capitals, bossage, pateraes and moldings. The next building is green and pink , at the front part it has letters painted with white that say: "Sea Breeze Night Club". You can observe that it has coupled windows, roofing tiles, glass double windows, moldings and small columns. The following building is pink color, it has mosaic designs on its facade and a red awning. The last one on that sidewalk is cream and light blue, it has influence of Art Deco with decorative finishes in lineal shape on its borders and in the center of the building, also it has a balcony centered on the second floor and conical walls sconces. Around it you can observe automobiles, a truck that delivers copies of the newspaper, El Imparcial, power line poles, street lights, establishment signs, a gasoline pump, trees and a person walking. Subsequently, this area has changed and they have established new spaces like a modern building that has a pharmacy La Caridad, a store Polo Ralph Lauren, a luxury apartment complex called Harbor Plaza, a restaurant called Señor Frog's, the Hotel Rumbao and other lots that are empty.

Parish San Francisco de Asís - Aguada - 2011 00002

Parish San Francisco de Asís - Aguada - 2011 00002



Parish San Francisco de Asís, Aguada. The design of this catholic church presents influences of the gothic architecture and the Neoclassic. Its facade is made up of a central body with a cross on top and two lateral towers. It stand out the use of lancet arches that repeats in the towers as well as in the central body. In the center there is a portico with four thin columns and a slope roof. Above the portico roof there is a sign with the dates 1924 and 1936. On the second level of the facade you can observe an arch inside of which there are seven thin lancet arches with stained glass, flanked by two pilasters crowned with pinnacles. In the quadrangle towers you can distinguish different levels and all present lancet arches. On the second level, three thin arches, the one on the center is taller than the other two. The third level has three thin arches of the same height and one of the towers has a clock. The fourth level has a lancet arch inside of a triangular shape. Each tower ends with a dome, lantern with lancet arches, spires and a small cross. The building is surrounded by a concrete fence, the piers of the fence have pots with plants. Also, there is a steel gate with two piers with lamps. Both the church and the fence are painted with a grayish green color with the borders and details with white color. In front of the church, crossing the street, there is the square where you can see a statue of Christopher Columbus, a gazebo and a light pole. There is an old man walking on the square.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Interior of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The linear perspective view of the two side walls of the 18th-century Catholic hermitage that shows signs of loss of the stucco finish, leaving the brick and stone masonry exposed, is representative of the Spanish Colonial style. Its architectural plan consists of a single nave bisected by a transept crowned with a dome at its intersection. A spacious interior space and a compacted earth floor covered with dry leaves and decaying vegetation can be seen. The left wall exhibits an arched opening representing a door; on the right are three openings, one corresponding to the main door and two to windows. The original ceiling has completely collapsed, leaving only exposed wooden beams, some still supporting remnants of a temporary roof or covering. The rural landscape and construction methods still evoke a simpler era and lifestyle. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Interior view of the courtroom of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The courtroom is on the second floor of the building and is topped by a two-inch-thick concrete shell in the shape of a shallow dome. A band of glass panels between the dome and the ceiling allows for an omnidirectional diffusion of natural light throughout the space. In the background, a dais accommodates the seven judges on a raised mahogany bench and is equidistant from the table of the appealing attorney in the center of the space. To the right, there is a wooden lectern with a carved emblem. The space is delimited in the foreground by a railing. All interior details, such as furniture, flooring, and curtains, are original, especially the audience chairs designed by the architects. There are flags located at both ends of the room. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507

Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1 - 06000507



Detail of tiles on the first floor of the Grand Spiritual Lodge Number 1, also known as the Grand Lodge of Puerto Rico or House of Souls, located in Santurce, a sector in the Municipality of San Juan. The three-story concrete building was designed by Luis F. Delgado and Juan Rivera Paris and built in 1928 using volunteer labor from followers of the spiritualist philosophical thought in Puerto Rico. The building's first cornerstone was laid on November 29, 1926. Because this property was built in stages with donated materials, the floor finish of the first level varies from hydraulic cement tiles to vinyl tiles. The floor design comprises square hydraulic cement tiles with a floral motif and a continuous border with chain-link tile that combines neutral tones and a deep blue border. This floral motif is repeated, creating a symmetrical and orderly visual composition. To the left, a white-painted wall with a bright blue baseboard below and the back of a chair can be seen. To the right is part of a white column and a black wrought-iron gate that separates the areas. There is also a round table with a blue cloth tablecloth and a white lace tablecloth. The building is on the same land where Mr. Balbino Vázquez and his wife, María Cruz Carpintero, founded the Spiritualist Center in 1910. Both were mediums and used their residence to hold meetings. In 1922, they added a wooden meeting room with a capacity for 300 people and named it the House of Souls. Spiritism, a philosophical movement that spread throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin America in the 19th Century, originates in the thought of Allan Kardec, and its fundamental principles combine philosophy and science. It had particular appeal among middle-class professionals, who considered it progressive. The first Spiritualist centers in Puerto Rico emerged in the 1870s. Mr. Vázquez, a carpenter by trade and responsible for the Center's construction, died in 1937. His will and public document specified that the building and land would be administered by the Board of Directors of the Grand Lodge and that the building would not be used for any purpose other than its original purpose. Should the Grand Lodge cease its functions, the building would pass into the hands of the Puerto Rican government, which could only use it for charitable or educational purposes. Fortunately, none of these stipulations have ever needed to be enforced, as the Grand Lodge, a non-profit organization, has continued to function as a community study center and promoter of the philosophical positions of the Spiritualist Doctrine from its founding to the present. The building has been preserved with structural integrity, serving as an enduring symbol of Puerto Rico's social and cultural history in the 20th Century.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



View of the south facade of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. The facade is organized in three sections, presenting a symmetrical design with balanced proportions. The central section of the first level has a double mahogany entrance door with fixed glass panels. The entrance portico, which forms part of the balcony, features partially fluted Corinthian columns on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade surrounding the balcony and a series of steps providing interior access. The other two sections of the facade, on either side of the main door, have windows framed by a concrete border, a lower cornice, and concrete lintels. The walls are covered with smooth plaster. The second-level facade features another balcony that protrudes slightly toward the front of the building. A closed double door is visible, crowned by keystone concrete lintels and framed by corbeled pilasters, creating a high-relief effect. A rectangular glass window with geometric designs is on either side of the door. The third floor, the attic, is characterized by a small balcony crowned by a wooden pediment, a double door, and narrow single-pane glass windows on either side of the door. The Giralda's Victorian-style gabled roofs combine the classical pediment element in many Neoclassical buildings. The original roof, composed of wooden trusses covered by zinc panels, was later reconstructed. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. In the foreground, a wrought iron entrance gate with a spearhead bar design can be seen. Around the entrance, the walls display moldings and ornamental details that emphasize the entrance, increasing the monumentality of the building. The presence of scaffolding suggests ongoing repairs, especially around the balcony and pediment area. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its place and time design. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated into an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and became an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective from the east of the San Carlos ravelin with a view towards the rear of La Trinidad bastion at the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. La Trinidad is a five-sided bastion built on three levels to accommodate the sloping terrain. The walls are made of sandstone blocks and bricks, and the surfaces are plastered. A sentry box attached to the crenelated parapet and a metal mesh fence between the walls is also visible. In the background, the buildings of Old San Juan, including the old Casino of Puerto Rico and the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico buildings, can be seen. The San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of an apartment building on Avenida Muñoz Rivera in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The historic buildings along Avenida Muñoz Rivera fall into two categories: residential buildings dating from the 1920s and 1930s and large civic examples built during the first half of the 20th century. The apartment building seen is four stories high and has a modern, minimalist architectural style. The lines of the design are straight, with wide balconies and windows with metal shutters. A notable detail is a vertical sunshade that occupies the height of the facade in the central area. On the ground floor, there is an establishment with a sign reading: "Market Palace", identified as a market, café and bar, with large glass windows. There is also a sign reading: "Miami Collection" next to the market. In the foreground, a green bicycle path can be seen next to a small garden area with bushes and trees. A large tree partially blocks the view of the building, while in the background a mix of modern buildings can be seen. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the San Antonio Canal from the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. In the foreground, the San Antonio Canal is flanked on the left by the Guillermo Esteves vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, and on the right by the ruins of the old Railroad Bridge. The Guillermo Esteves Bridge features archways, decorative concrete railings, and decorative lanterns and is supported by concrete pillars designed to allow the passage of water. On the far right are the ruins of the old San Antonio Railroad Bridge, built between 1923 and 1932, with steel beams covered in concrete. In the background are other vehicular structures and modern buildings of various heights, complemented by the trees, bushes, and palms planted along the canal's banks. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Linear view of the sidewalk and pedestrian stairs at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project was approved in 2003, led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, and the plaza and several paths around the park were paved with granite. In the foreground, a sidewalk and three concrete steps can be seen, forming a seat or barrier, delimiting the space between the sidewalk and the park. Behind it are large trees that blend into the landscape. The ground is paved with concrete. The General Archives of Puerto Rico building, belonging to the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture since 1959, stands out to the right. In 1998, architect Alberto del Toro designed a restoration project, and it wasn't until 2006 that the Archives reopened to the public. Its facade is composed of evenly distributed semicircular arches on two levels. In the background, modern buildings in the Miramar area and vehicles parked in front of the building on Juan Ponce de León Avenue can be seen. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Front facade of the Luis Palés Matos building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. On the first level of this building, lintel arches stand out; through one of them, the central patio of the Quadrangle of the University of Puerto Rico can be seen. The second level exhibits paired rectangular openings, while horizontal louver windows distinguish the third level. A cornice and a parapet extend over those windows. At the center of the building is a vertical band that covers the elevator area and a circular ornamental detail on the top. At one end, another building with similar characteristics is visible, while on the opposite side is the Julia de Burgos amphitheater. A garden with a bush, a couple of lamp posts, and concrete seats are seen between these buildings. The Luis Palés Matos building was built in 1944 and is part of the University's Quadrangle. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2010 00001

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2010 00001



The Ateneo Puertorriqueño located at Puerta de Tierra in Old San Juan. It was founded in 1876 and constructed by the engineer Ramón Carbia Burt in 1923. It is the oldest cultural institution in Puerto Rico, also known as "la Docta Casa." Its architectural style is representative of the Moorish Revival style. It was nominated to enter the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is painted white and terracotta. The upper half of the facade has an eave covered by tiles supported by wooden corbels. It also has seven multifoil arches interrupted by eight pilasters with tiles on top. On the lower half of the facade, six pilasters support a semicircular arch and an entablature covered in tiles with floral designs. The doorway has "Ateneo Puertorriqueño" written at the top. On both sides of the pilasters, there are friezes in high-reliefs with representations of human figures sculpted by the Italian artist Arrighini. There are steps and streetlights in front of the entrance. The building also has glass windows with hinged wooden frames and a torch-shaped ornamentation in the upper right corner of the image. Trees, shrubs, a decoration allusive to the Three Wise Men, a flagpole, grass, a traffic sign, and another sign about visitor entry can be seen in the surrounding areas. The Ateneo Puertorriqueño was founded to promote the theater, music, film, literature, history, science, the moral and political sciences, and the visual arts in Puerto Rico.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Interior lobby of the Teachers' Temple in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The two-story concrete building maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, it combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style on the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The T-shaped interior staircase, considered the main architectural element of the first level, is visible from the entrance. It shows signs of wear and neglect. The first level is a single flight that is wider at its beginning and then curves inward and becomes narrower at the central landing. The second flight of stairs occupies a projecting volume at the rear, and the ascending sequence separates into two symmetrical levels leading to the sides and upward. The first two steps of the second level are visible from the first floor. There are two mid-level landings, one of which accesses the rear of the building. The original openwork curved metal railings are topped with handrails and wooden finials on the first step. The left side is missing the finial. The terrazzo floors inside are pink with continuous baseboards and a narrow yellow floor border that follows the contours of the walls. The staircase has the same pink terrazzo floor on all steps and risers and may be one of the first buildings to have used it in Puerto Rico. The ceiling features decorative molding along the edges, although it is partially damaged in some areas. At the top, several corbels with ornamental details in the form of scrolls and floral motifs can be seen. These corbels protrude from the wall and serve as a decorative transition between the wall and the ceiling. In the center of the ceiling is a medallion with embossed floral motifs and a chain hanging, indicating that a hanging light fixture once stood there. The ceiling shows dark stains and moisture, especially around the corners. Two openings connect to other building areas on either side of the staircase. The general disarray and lack of maintenance highlight the deteriorating state of this historic building. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Detailed angular view of one of the built versions of the wooden hut belonging to the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The hut is a rectangular wooden shed supported by five columns wide, six columns long, and two central columns, and is designed in a tropical vernacular style. All beams are rounded, wooden, retaining a natural, unpolished aesthetic, and aligned sequentially. Access to this space is at both ends of the hut, where several concrete slabs set into the gravel floor serve as a transition between the surroundings and the wooden floor. Each entrance features a clay pot with a broad-leaved ornamental plant. The floor is concrete in front with beams supporting a tongue-and-groove hardwood floor. The wooden railing features a diagonal cross pattern in each square. It features a hipped roof covered with dense palm leaves, creating a wide roof extending beyond the column line and providing additional protection. This roof also serves as a preservation element for the wooden floor, protecting it from direct exposure to the elements. The interior space of the bohío is designed to take advantage of air currents, which is reinforced by the lack of closure between the interior and exterior. Dense vegetation surrounds the bohío, with several large plants and trees. This building has undergone several modifications due to enlargement by the family and was subsequently destroyed in 1998 when a tree fell on it. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Linear view of the Peace Pavilion at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The pavilion, built in 1988, has a high, vaulted roof composed of metal and translucent panels, following a pattern of continuous arches. The roof extends the entire space, forming a vault with vertical lateral supports. These supports consist of cylindrical concrete and metal columns that are distributed symmetrically from the ground to the base of the roof. On both sides, decorative metal grid panels allow ventilation or light to pass through the upper part. Between each column are modern-style lighting fixtures. A series of stairs in the background leads to a similarly paneled wall, complemented by more grid elements and columns that continue the overall style. On both sides of the wall, low concrete walls mark the boundaries of the space with a classic-style balustrade. The overall design is inspired by modern architecture, with a preference for using industrial materials such as metal and concrete. The elongated shape of the pavilion creates a perspective effect, highlighting the symmetry of the space. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Perspective of the Asylum or 'Madhouse', also known as the School of Fine Arts and Design of Puerto Rico, in the Old San Juan Historic District. Its composition exhibits a Spanish colonial style with Neoclassical elements. The front facade and the elegant layout of the Neoclassical Villanueva “E” type floor plan help create the impression of a monumental and distinguished establishment. It has two floors and is built of masonry. In the center is a portico composed of Doric columns supporting a triangular pediment. Above the portico rises a large, spherical dome, topped with a drum and an upper lantern with a small arched opening. On both sides of the central facade are volumes with interior patios and rectangular windows with simple frames. In one of the wings, semicircular arches form a gallery. The walls of the building are finished in a smooth, gray-painted siding with white details and are topped with cornices that highlight the upper limit of each section. In 1861, the 'Madhouse' construction began as a two-story masonry building to care for and separate the men from the women with mental problems housed in the adjacent building called the Charity Home. In 1863, the house was also used to house Spanish soldiers. But it was not until 1883-1886 that the construction of the majestic front facade and its chapel was formalized, following the design of Antonio María Guitián and the supervision of the master builder José I Hernández. The 'Madhouse' became the first formal mental asylum in Old San Juan, the island, and one of the first in the United States. Unfortunately, during the American bombing of 1898, it was severely damaged and eventually closed. In 1940, using funds from the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Act, the United States Defense Department rebuilt it and established the Fort Brooke Military Base. In the 1960s, it was returned to the government of Puerto Rico, and the School of Fine Arts and Design of Puerto Rico was established. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Pier of the Marina Street in the Old San Juan

Pier of the Marina Street in the Old San Juan



View of the buildings located in the Marina street of the Old San Juan. You can observe a group of adjacent buildings on a sidewalk of the pier area. The street is long and paved with asphalt. From a distance you can see several buildings among them the Ochoa building, Puerto Rico Popular Bank and the Antiguo Correo y Corte Federal José V. Toledo. The Puerto Rico Popular Bank has the architectonic influence of Art Deco. Is painted with white color and has yellow stripes between wall sections for each window. There is a tower that stick out from its roof and has letters forming the name of the building with an analog clock that show the time. The Ochoa building has cream color with light green touches, it has metal windows with glass persiennes, arches in the facade of the first floor and mosaic ornaments in the capitals of each pilaster. You can observe several antennas on its roof. The building of the Antiguo Correo y la Corte Federal José V. Toledo has influence of several architectonic movements like Beaux-arts, the Federal style and Spanish Renaissance. Is built with concrete and limestone, it has cream and gray colors, part of its roof is covered by terracotta roofing tiles and another part has the aspect of a tower with roof extensions with the shape of lantern. The building with gray color with white areas is the service station Adrián Nelson, you can appreciate the details that are influenced by the architectonic style of the Neo-renaissance with arches, pilasters, quoins and moldings. Next to it there is the nightclub building called Sea Breeze, it has three floors green and pink. It has coupled windows, moldings and small columns. Around it you can see construction materials, barrels, automobiles, trucks, a building under construction, power line poles, establishment signs, a large street and people walking. It can be seen part of the San Juan Bay that adjoins with the pier and a building that on its roof says: "Lines", also, you can observe a sign from a distance with red color promoting the brand Coca Cola. Subsequently, this area experienced changes on its buildings and it was established a restaurant called Señor Frog's, the Hotel Rumbao of the Old San Juan and the Condominio Reina de Castilla.

Parroquia San Antonio de Padua - Guayama - 2012 00002

Parroquia San Antonio de Padua - Guayama - 2012 00002



Lateral and front view of the Parroquia San Antonio de Padua in the coastal town of Guayama. The parish has two floors with characteristics of the Neo-romanesque style. It is presided by the Cristóbal Colón square, surrounded by an ornamental metallic grille, benches and light poles. You can also see parked vehicles on the paved street. Besides that, the front facade is divided in three naves, the central nave has a double door made of glass framed and flanked by Ionic Order pilasters that at the same time secure a triangular entablature. On the entrance you can distinguish a circular stained glass framed with moldings and three niches with a Virgin Mary statue above which you can see a cross. The lateral naves have an additional level and wooden windows with persiennes under coupled arches framed with moldings, blind openings, pilasters, bossages, dentils, cornices and wavy moldings. You can also see clocks framed with moldings and the belfry towers. They have coupled semicircular openings where it rest the iron and gold bells. Both towers are crowned with parapets and decorated with ornamental frieze. The Parroquia San Antonio de Padua is the only church in the island with Neo-romanesque style, its construction began in 1827 and finished in 1867. One of the clocks that decorates the belfry towers was painted marking the hour in which the church was inaugurated. Years later, in 1979 it was included in the National Register of Historic Places.

Trujillo Alto Bridge - 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge - 09001289



Side view of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The single-span, two-lane, Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge rests on concrete abutments and crosses the Río Grande de Loíza. It features triangular truss patterns and a metal railing along its entire length. It is surrounded by a heavily vegetated environment, with dense trees and the bridge partially obscured by the foliage. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Roads and Transport Authority proposed the bridge's demolition, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historic monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002–2004 restoration project. Lost steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801–2001). Although the integrity of the surrounding landscape was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and approach spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



Side view of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, seen from the islet of ​​the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although initially designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. This section shows the abutment, pillars, and elliptical arches evenly distributed along the length of the bridge. Each arch rests on rectangular pillars partially submerged in water, showing signs of wear and erosion. A parapet extends across the bridge with a simple design and horizontal lines interrupted by small rectangular moldings. The concrete parapet has vertical and horizontal moldings that integrate into the design. On the far right of the bridge, there is a wider pillar, creating a pedestrian platform. On the outside of this pillar is a plaque indicating the completion date of the bridge's construction with an inscription that reads: "C.F. de P.R. 1932." In the background, an urban environment with green spaces and graffiti can be seen. To the left and below the bridge, debris and trash are present. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the San Juan islet with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original railroad network in San Juan.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Linear view of stairs in a plaza at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. Between 1974 and 1975, architect Orval Sifontes designed a plan to renovate the park. This included an inventory of trees and benches, repairing damaged sidewalks, removing a parking lot around the central fountain and replacing it with vegetation, concealing an electrical substation under a mound of earth, providing more lighting to the park, and redesigning the playground. The area shown here was part of this renovation. In the foreground, a semicircular staircase of dark gray stone ends on a platform paved with the same flagstones, forming the pedestrian walkway of the plaza. In the central area of ​​the space, there is a small raised garden delimited by stone borders. Classical-style lampposts with curved poles and bell-shaped lamps line both sides of the walkway. It also includes trash cans and a series of benches regularly distributed along the walkway, oriented toward the center and made of metal and wood. Both sides of the walkway are lined with leafy trees. The plant landscape is carefully trimmed and organized, with shrubs delimiting the garden areas. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Beneficencia Asylum Building - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00042

Beneficencia Asylum Building - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00042



The old Beneficencia Asylum Building (Asilo de Beneficencia) is located in the Ballajá neighborhood of Old San Juan. It was inaugurated in 1844 and designed by architect Pedro García and the engineer Santiago Cortijo. The building is representative of the Neoclassical architectural style. It is painted yellow, white, green, and brown. The main facade of the building has two rectilinear pediments, one of which has high relief in its tympanum. The upper half of the main entrance has four pairs of Ionic columns, balconies, and green-colored wooden lattice double-leaf doors with semicircular arches. The lower half has four pairs of white Doric columns with green-colored double-leaf doors and semicircular arches. These columns support an entablature that has an inscription on the metopes. The facade also has extended cornices and green-colored wooden lattice double-leaf windows framed by semicircular arches and white flat moldings. In front of the entrance is a stepped wall with railings. The building is fenced off by metallic grilles supported by various square piers. The old Beneficencia Asylum Building later became the headquarters of the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture. The side facade of the old Insular Madhouse can be partially observed on the right side of the image. This building is painted yellow, mustard, white, and green. It has parapets, cornices, and green-colored wooden windows framed with white rectangular moldings. The Madhouse later became the School of Arts and Design of Puerto Rico. In the image is visible the street where El Morro is located, part of Jardín Paseo de Ballajá, people, automobiles, palms, trees, streetlights, and boundary marker posts.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Side view of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje's ruins, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows the exterior walls of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, which, although deteriorated, still displays representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. The walls show the loss of their stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction and vegetation above. Lintelled stone and brick openings corresponding to the entrance door and three windows are also visible. Along the facade are two concrete troughs built to feed livestock when the hermitage was used as a farm. The terrain is dry earth, with vegetation, trees, and shrubs growing on and around the ruins. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00002

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00002



Facade located next to the main entrance of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in La Puntilla neighborhood in Old San Juan. The building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and was built in 1800. A salmon and white-colored two-story building can be observed. It has parapets, cornices, two pilasters, and wooden double-leaf doors framed by white moldings. The building also has a balcony without railings and a skirt supported by pilasters and wooden beams. There are automobiles in front of the building, and next to the building is a metal grille gate with a fan-like design, trees, and part of the San Juan Bay. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture. Part of the roof of the United States Customs House building, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan," can also be seen in the image. Its architectural style represents the Spanish Colonial Revival style, and its construction was done by the architect Albert B. Nichols. The United States Customs House was entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1988. The top part of the Banco Popular de Puerto Rico can be seen from a distance. The building is painted cream and represents the Art Deco architectural style. The bank was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier. The José V. Toledo Federal Building and the United States Courthouse, which combines the Beaux-Arts, Federal, and Spanish Colonial Revival architectural styles, can also be observed. This building was designed by Oscar Wenderoth and is painted cream and terracotta. It has two towers crowned with lanterns, Arabic tiles, and cornices. The building was entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1986. On its right side is the Ochoa building, designed by the architect Pedro Adolfo de Castro y Besosa. The Ochoa building is painted gray and white, has a tower crowned by a stepped design, and has square and rectangular windows.

El Imparcial Building in the Marina Street of the Old San Juan

El Imparcial Building in the Marina Street of the Old San Juan



Frontal view of a building under construction in the Marina street of the Old San Juan. It can be observed a building that has a radio tower under construction surrounded by wooden scaffolding. This building will be the radio offices and newspaper El Imparcial. Also, you can see a cargo truck and an automobile with its trunk opened. Further in the distance there is a large building with five floors that is cream colors with an inferior stripe with brown color. It has glass windows with arch shape, rectangular and with moldings. To its right side it has a edifice with a zinc gable roof and is painted with green color. From a distance you can see other buildings like the Sea Breeze Night Cub, the service station Adrián Nelson and Puerto Rico Popular Bank. The Sea Breeze Night Club has three floors and is painted with green and pink colors. It has coupled windows, roofing tiles and grilles in the first floor windows, moldings and small columns. The service station Adrián Nelson has dark gray and white, it has influence of the architectonic style of the Neo-renaissance with arches, pilasters, quoins and moldings. The Puerto Rico Popular Bank has the architectonic influence of Art Deco. It is painted with white color and possess a tower that stick out of its roof with some letters that forms the name of the building and an analog clock that shows the time. Around it you can observe people walking, construction materials, barrels, power lines poles, the paved street with asphalt, a wide sidewalk and some antennas in the roofs. Subsequently, this area has experienced changes and has been established buildings like the Condominio Reina de Castilla, the Hotel Rumbao, the restaurant Señor Frog's and some empty lots.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



Interior view of the ruins of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. Although in a serious state of disrepair, this 18th-century Catholic hermitage still displays representative elements of the Spanish colonial style. The image highlights the ceiling, with its parallel, exposed beams due to the loss of the original cladding. The wall surfaces are flaking, with damp stains and traces of paint. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Low-angle view of the south and west facades of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. Two facades are observed, each with symmetrical designs and balanced proportions that repeat architectural elements. The building is characterized by a prominent balcony on the second level and an open one above. The entrance portico, which forms part of the main balcony, features partially fluted Corinthian columns on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade surrounding it. This balustrade is repeated on the second level, delimiting the balcony, which protrudes slightly toward the front of the building. On the third level, another small balcony is supported by thinner columns, a pediment, and a gabled roof. It features double wooden doors and windows with ornate frames crowned by rectangular molding details, contributing to a symmetrical aesthetic. The Victorian-style gabled roofs of La Giralda combine the Classical pediment element found in many Neoclassical buildings. The original roof was composed of wooden trusses covered by zinc panels but was later reconstructed. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. Pilasters can be seen on the external walls, generating a vertical rhythm between the doors and windows. Above these windows, a cornice extends the length of the building, reinforcing the horizontality of the design. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its place and time design. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation connecting the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most homes of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Partial view of one of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence rooms, also known as Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete house with a Modernist/Internationalist architectural style. There is no evidence of plans or a known original construction date. A chair upholstered in yellow fabric and curved wooden legs is a focal point in the center of the room. Next to it is a rectangular table facing a wall decorated with various art pieces. To the right of the chair, a dark wood cabinet serves as a surface for personal and decorative items, including photographs and a table lamp with a floral-patterned fabric shade. In the background, a four-poster bed occupies the corner of the room. The walls are covered with a variety of photographs and other decorative items on shelves, creating a gallery-like effect. On the far wall, a double-hung window with a wood frame provides views of the outdoors. The floor is covered with terracotta hydraulic tiles, whose color and texture add a rustic element to the room. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Reproduction of a photograph taken by the United States Army from an aerial perspective of the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan. The photo shows the castle's north side facing the Atlantic Ocean, where the officers' and troops' quarters, the La Trinidad bastion, and the San Carlos ravelin are located. You can also see the Great Moat, the El Caballero observation post, the San Sebastián bastion, the sentry boxes, as well as several buildings of Old San Juan, the Plaza Colón, and the mansard roof of the Casino de Puerto Rico. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of the sentry box in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th Century. The San Cristóbal Castle was connected to the San Felipe del Morro Castle by the city walls to the north and south. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Villa del Mar - 83002293

Villa del Mar - 83002293



Front view of the Villa Del Mar residence in the coastal town of Naguabo. The two-story house is made of reinforced concrete and has a tiled roof. It is one of the few examples of the late Victorian style on the island. A reinforced concrete fence with square pillars and a metal grille separates it from its immediate surroundings. The residence is held at the left end by a circular tower supported by Gothic columns and a concrete balustrade. On the front, a rectangular portico, supported by Gothic columns, is crowned by a balcony with a balustrade. The balcony has a wooden double-leaf door under a semicircular arch framed and flanked by pilasters and wooden windows. Ornate moldings join an extended cornice. Also seen are wooden and glass windows framed with protruding moldings. A garage with a zinc roof and metal grill is visible to the far right. The Villa del Mar residence was built in 1917 by architect Antonio Higuera for Don Faustino Rodríguez and Doña Carmen Fuertes, owners of the Central Triunfo, a sugarcane factory in Naguabo. Its location next to the coast included a dock used to export sugar and other products to the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Over the years, it has had several owners and uses and was restored in the 1980s due to its deteriorating condition. The building is significant not only for its architecture but also for its role in developing the sugarcane export industry in the southeastern area of Puerto Rico in the early 20th Century.

Yabucoa Fire Station - 1300015

Yabucoa Fire Station - 1300015



Main facade of the former Yabucoa Fire Station. The single-story, concrete building shows Modern and Art Deco architectural styles. The image shows two Miami-style lattice windows, a gate with white iron bars, eaves with horizontal and vertical lines, and a parapet on the flat roof. Several vertically supported metal tubes and a flagpole are attached to the upper part of the facade. Between them is a relief coat of arms of the former Pumping Station, and below, six rectangular openings divided into two columns. These originally featured glass panels to illuminate the interior, but were later covered. These openings and the eaves provide decorative detail on the facade influenced by the Art Deco style. The facade is painted blue with yellow details, as is the front sidewalk. A white-painted iron gate serves as the entrance and bears a sign that reads: "No Parking." At the top of the facade, another sign reads: "Legión Americana Arturo Malavé Puesto 64 Yabucoa, PR." The sign is white with blue and red letters and includes two circular emblems belonging to the Legion. The station is surrounded by cement buildings, with a small galvanized wire fence on the right delimiting the property. Trees can be seen in the background, and in the foreground are power lines, the sidewalk, and the public right of way with a maintenance hole cover. Engineer Miguel J. Nolla built the Yabucoa Fire Station between 1943 and 1944, following one of the design prototypes officially endorsed by the Puerto Rico Fire Department. It was an important part of the Civil Defense efforts during World War II and for fire protection in the town of Yabucoa. In the late 1990s, the Arturo Malavé American Legion took possession of the building after the Fire Department moved to more modern and comfortable facilities in the town. Despite some deterioration, the station retains its architectural character.

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289



Side view of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge, with a single span and two vehicle lanes, rests on concrete abutments and crosses the Río Grande de Loíza. It features triangular truss patterns and a metal railing along its entire length. Part of the concrete bridge that replaced it can be seen to the right of the image, running parallel. Several streetlights line the roadway. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Highways and Transportation Authority proposed demolishing the bridge, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historical monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002-2004 restoration project. The missing steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801-2001). Although the integrity of the surroundings was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and access spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00019

House Marcos Juan Alegría - Dorado - 2012 00019



A metal plaque put it on the yellow wooden surface in the house Marcos Juan Alegría, located in Dorado. The plaque presents the emblem of the municipality of Dorado, accompanied with the text: "Gobierno municipal de Dorado" (Municipal Government of Dorado). The plaque also includes the following text: "El Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría se concise Como guardian cellos del tesoro artístico cultural de nuestro pueblo. Sea este Lugar fuente de inspiración para las nuevas generaciones y para todo aquel que hace del arte su manera de recrear formas, colores y pensamientos. Hon. Carlos A. López Rivera, alcalde, 1996" (El Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría it is conceive as guardian of the cultural artistic treasure of our town. Please make this place a source of inspiration for the new generations and for any other that makes from the art their way of recreating shapes, colors and thinking, Hon. Carlos A. López Rivera, mayor, 1996). The house was built in 1914 as home of don Juan Alegría and Mrs. Elisa Valles, whom raised there their children Cruz and Marcos Juan. They lived there for decades until the house was inherit by Cruz, the oldest child. After his death, it was inherit by Marcos Juan, so-called as don Tito. In the decade of the nineties, Marcos Juan sold his property to the government of the municipality, who was in charge of restoring it and turn it into the Museo y Escuela de Artes Marcos Juan Alegría, that opened in 1998. The house, in addition, constitutes a characteristic example of the type of architecture used in the residences at the beginning of the XX century.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of walls and a pair of sentry boxes from the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan, facing the north side and in front of the Atlantic Ocean. These sentry boxes are attached to the fort wall and feature windows, cornices, and domes. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of sentry boxes in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th Century. The upper part of these walls exhibits a crenelated parapet. The San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Meat Market – 86003199

Meat Market – 86003199



Perspective of the facade and interior patio of the Meat Market in Ponce. The building consists of an elongated quadrangle created by galleries that open onto an interior courtyard and is built of concrete, wood, and metal sheets. The facade has elements of the Neo-Mudejar and Art Deco architectural styles, which are very different from the utilitarian style of its interior. The facade comprises three horseshoe arches that integrate grilles, ornamental panels with Moorish glazed mosaics, and four pillars that extend vertically on their upper end, also decorated with mosaics. A horizontal band emphasizes the parapet by integrating open semicircular concrete shapes. Standing next to it, the interior patio and the elongated, rectangular shape of this building that connects Mayor Street and León Street. Visible on the back is the facade of the Market Plaza in the Art Deco style, and a store sign in Spanish that reads: "Ventas al por mayor y detal, efectos escolares, perfumería, artículos del hogar, juguetes." In front of the Meat Market are several people, a couple of bicycles, and a car. The Meat Market was built in 1926 and was designed by one of the most acclaimed Puerto Rican architects of the 20th century, Rafael Carmoega. Its location in front of the old Market Square served as an urban and commercial complement to the town of Ponce. Residents referred to it as the Dogs Plaza due to the number of stray dogs that gathered there to feed on meat scraps. In 1992 it was rebuilt under the administration of the Mayor of Ponce, Rafael “Churumba” Cordero Santiago, who named it Plaza Juan Ponce de León.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00017

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00017



Partial view of the corner of the facade of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, the United States Customs House building, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan," and the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico in Old San Juan. On the image's right side is the old Spanish Navy Arsenal. The building, built in 1800, represents the Neoclassical architectural style and is painted gray and white. It has a portico supported by columns and an entablature that contains triglyphs, friezes, metopes, cornices, and dentils. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture. On the left side of the image is the United States Customs House building, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan." Its architectural style represents the Spanish Colonial Revival style, and its construction was done by the architect Albert B. Nichols. The building was built in 1924 and is painted pink, white, and terracotta. The upper half of the building has a tile roof, a balcony supported by pillars, and window openings. It has semicircular openings on the bottom of the building with roll-up doors, security cameras, wall lamps, and a trash can. The United States Customs House was entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1988. The Banco Popular of Puerto Rico's upper half of the building can be seen from a distance. The building is painted cream and represents the Art Deco architectural style. It has windows with rectangular and square openings and a tower with a sign that reads "Banco Popular." It was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier. A sidewalk, streets, trees, and the electrical wiring of nearby utility poles can be observed in the image.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Detail of plinths used in the main building of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The Historic District includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the premises, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. A decorative ceramic panel composed of glazed tiles can be seen. The central design shows ornamental motifs based on shapes such as leaves and scrolls, organized in repetitive patterns. These elements feature contrasting colors like blue, green, and ochre on a white background. The slabs are arranged horizontally, with clearly defined edges separating the decorative design from the rest of the surfaces. At the top, a row of slabs with a glossy finish acts as a border. At the bottom, an additional ceramic strip transitions to the floor. While single-coloured tiles are used in the building’s tower, combined to form intricate patterns including the chevron motif that covers the lantern itself, in the interior, the multi-coloured tiles were reserved exclusively for the lobby. The interior tiles depict naturalistic patterns and are arranged in a die-like fashion, bordering the upper frieze and lower plinth of the octagonal lobby walls. This placement lends elegance to the austere reinforced concrete walls and contrasts sharply with the rest of the spaces inside, as there are no tiles or other decorative elements. This minimalism reflects the functional approach followed in the service areas. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of modernity and progress in Puerto Rico.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



Side view of the Residence for Engineers and Caretakers of the old San Juan Waterworks complex. In the foreground is the main one-story building designed in 1887 by the Spaniard Fernando Alameda and built between 1892 and 1894. Its architectural style belongs to the Spanish colonial and Neoclassical. The central facade exhibits openings framed with arched moldings and some protected with metal grilles. The walls are made of masonry with smooth finishes and rectangular columns at the ends, all aligned under a horizontal frieze. The flat roof is covered with vegetation and has several curved lamp posts installed on top. In the background are two other concrete buildings built in 1952 in the modern international style, two stories and flat roofs, which were used as offices for the complex's engineers. Behind these buildings, you can see the octagonal chimney of the Waterworks' Pumping Station. The environment includes vegetation encroaching on the surrounding areas and a deteriorated paved road running along the front. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289



Northward perspective of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The bridge is a single-span, two-lane, Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge resting on concrete abutments and crossing the Río Grande de Loíza. In the foreground, the bridge's triangular truss pattern and metal railing can be seen. It is surrounded by vegetation, and the railing of the new concrete bridge can be seen to its right. The pavement is composed of diagonally aligned rectangular paving stones. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Highways and Transportation Authority proposed demolishing the bridge, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historical monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002-2004 restoration project. The missing steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801-2001). Although the integrity of the surroundings was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and access spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the artillery ramp of the San Felipe del Morro Castle, located on the western part of the islet of San Juan and also known as El Morro. The ramp is flanked by stairs that connect the Santa Bárbara bastion to the central plaza of El Morro. At the bottom of the ramp, there is a tower-shaped sentry box. At one end is a crenelated parapet, benches, and a sentry box crowned with a dome. El Morro is a fortification built under the Spanish colonial regime starting in 1539 and consists of six levels facing the Atlantic Ocean. Its strategic location delimits the entrance to the bay of San Juan and one of the most prominent ports in the Caribbean. It was built essentially with walls of San Juan sandstone, vaults and brick pillars, sand and earth filling between the shelves of the walls, and all exposed surfaces inside and out were originally made of plaster. Its last major renovation took place during the 1780s when it was transformed from a medieval tower into a thick-walled masonry fortress capable of withstanding the impact of cannonballs. Further extensions carried out in the late 19th century and during the First and Second World Wars were made of concrete. The upper level holds an early 20th-century brick lighthouse built into a mid-19th-century building. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Interior view of the Peace Pavilion in the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The pavilion was built in 1988 in an industrial architectural style. It is supported by a series of metal columns arranged in parallel rows, which rise and culminate in decorative arches forming the roof. These columns feature an angled design at the bottom, with simple moldings reinforcing their robust character. Between the columns are panels of metal grilles at the top, creating a continuous geometric pattern. The arched roof design, covered with corrugated metal sheets, has a gabled section along the central axis with translucent panels. Below, the floor is composed of cobblestones in a contrasting pattern, with variations in color tone. On the outer edges, low concrete walls mark the boundaries of the space, with a classic-style balustrade. Hanging industrial-style lamps run along the central axis. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Main entrance to the Agustín Stahl building at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. The stairs lead to a double-leaf wooden door with a transom. The portal features an arch with a keystone, moldings, ornate spandrels, imposts, and intrados that integrate square coffered panels and a lamp. Above the portal extends a cornice crowned with a parapet decorated with foliate scroll motifs and a shield. A pair of windows with horizontal louver-type slats are at one end of the portal. This building, built in 1928, was originally known as the Science Building and later as the Music Department of the University of Puerto Rico at the Río Piedras Campus. Its ornamentation exhibits decorative motifs from the Spanish Revival period. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje  - 15000398

Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje - 15000398



View of an interior wall of the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, also known as Hacienda Candelaria or Plantaje Hermitage, in the Sabana Seca neighborhood of Toa Baja. The image shows an interior wall with the loss of the stucco finish, exposing the brick and stone masonry construction of this 18th-century Catholic hermitage, representative elements of the Spanish Colonial style. In the center, there is a window opening, and a large vertical crack can be seen on the far left. The wall shows areas where the cladding has fallen off, revealing the internal brick structure and areas covered with fungus. On the floor lay pieces of plaster and bricks detached from the wall. The Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria del Plantaje, initially built as part of the Hacienda Candelaria sugar plantation, was consecrated in 1779 and used until its closure in 1893. Its name derives from the influence of immigrants from the Canary Islands who introduced the festivities of the Virgin of Candelaria to the island, and the Plantaje itself comes from the name given to the residence built on those grounds for the original owner (1718–1735), Miguel Enríquez. A mulatto and the son of a formerly enslaved person, Enríquez made a career as a privateer, becoming the wealthiest man among the island's white colonial elite. These events not only reflect the boom in the contraband trade and sugar production around the hermitage, but also witnessed the social dynamics of the time, such as the interaction between owners, enslaved people, and workers. Over the years, the local community continues to hold annual festivities at the chapel in honor of the Virgin of Candelaria, highlighting its cultural significance.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the central fountain in the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed in 1924 by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. The eleven-hectare park is located between two main thoroughfares: Ponce de León Avenue to the south and Luis Muñoz Rivera Avenue to the north, at the end of the Puerta de Tierra neighborhood. The fountain features a concrete border with irregular stone masonry details and a column of water rising from the center. In the background, the San Jerónimo Powderhouse can be seen with its smooth yellow walls and simple, sloping moldings at the top. At the front of the building are two small concrete and brick staircases, a red metal gate with vertical bars, and a stone border at the bottom of the facade. Leafy trees and concrete benches surround the fountain and the building. At the end of the 19th Century, the Puerta de Tierra historic district was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through a succession of interventions developed by local architects, such as the renovation of the El Mirador terrace between 1990 and 1992 and the addition of a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00010

Building Oliver - Arecibo - 2012 00010



Close-up view of the building Oliver in the coastal city of Arecibo. The building has three levels with characteristics of the Neoclassic style with fortified concrete. The lateral facade is divided in several sections horizontally, the base level and two superior levels. The base level has entrances under semicircular arches framed with moldings. Additionally, the arches are covered by metallic grilles. The second level has double wooden doors with rectangular persiennes and flat frames. The doors conduct to balconies with balustrades supported by decorative brackets. The balconies are flanked by flutted pilasters supported by a continuous cornice and under which there is a series of relief lion heads. The building Oliver was built in 1914 with comercial and residential purposes. It is based in the same place that in 1765 the Spanish government built the House of the King, until 1913 when it was demolished. This innovative building was the first one incorporating residential spaces and comercial establishment. Also, it was the first building built in the city with a chamfered entrance. Additionally, its richly ornamented design adopts characteristics of the Beaux-arts school and the traditional Spanish style. Through the years has been used as a residential space, comercial and headquarters of several foreign consulates that occupied the first floor. It was restored in the decade of 1980 and all the spaces assigned for residences became comercial spaces.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



View of the Memorial Monument, erected in front of the Puerto Rico Capitol building in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. In the foreground is a plaza with stone steps leading to several commemorative works honoring Puerto Rican soldiers. The semicircular granite wall, called the Memorial Monument, was inaugurated in 1996 and displays the names of Puerto Rican soldiers who died in combat in past wars. Immediately behind the monument is the Statue of Victory, inaugurated in 1927, of classical design in bronze and dedicated to the Puerto Rican soldiers who participated in World War I. In addition, in front of the Monument is a pedestal with a smaller sculpture, the Flame of Eternity by artist Víctor Gutiérrez, dedicated to the soldiers who survived those wars. The plaza is flanked by four pedestals holding decorative flower pots and wrought iron lamps with classical designs. On both sides, low fences made of interspersed granite blocks surround the water fountains. Two flagpoles with Puerto Rico and the United States flags flank the monument. Landscape elements such as palm trees and bushes stand out in the immediate surroundings. In the background is the Puerto Rico Capitol building, which exhibits a Classical Renaissance architectural style. The building features a facade of white Georgian marble with columns framing its main entrance, which support an entablature decorated with reliefs. Above, there is a large hemispherical dome crowned by an ornamental finial. The rectangular windows, arranged symmetrically, are separated by pilasters that accentuate the verticality of the design. The Capitol was inaugurated in 1929 and is the seat of the island's Legislative Assembly, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00010

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2013 00010



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan, was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. This image was taken at night and displays a masonry wall made of brick and stone. The upper part of a sentry post with a semicircular dome, cornices, and a keystone can be observed. There is also a railing, steps with bricks, trees, a handrail, three benches, streetlights, and two chairs sculpted in the image of a cat. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. A tall building is painted brown and white on the right side. The upper part of the building has cornices, windows with arcades, and white moldings. The side facade of the old Hospital de la Concepción, known as Convento y Casa de Salud Siervas de María, can also be observed in the image. The building is painted cream and white. It has parapets, cornices, and window openings. The tower with a dome in the upper part of the old La Princesa prison building can be observed on the left side. This building was built in 1837 and was used as a prison until 1976, when it was closed down due to problems with its structure. The Puerto Rican government restored the building in 1992 to serve as the headquarters for the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The architect, Miguel Carlo, was responsible for the building's restoration. The San Juan Bay and the coasts of Toa Baja and Cataño municipalities can also be observed in the distance.

Building of the Porto Rican Express Co in the Old San Juan

Building of the Porto Rican Express Co in the Old San Juan



View of a building of the Porto Rican Express Company in the Marina street of the Old San Juan. You can observe a large building with gable roof, a wooden door in the entrance and several others along its sides. It is built with concrete, zinc and is surrounded by a sidewalk. Also, you can see in front a street that is paved with asphalt and it has areas that were the track of the railway. From a distance you can see the buildings of the Popular Bank of Puerto Rico, the Antiguo Correo y la Corte Federal José V. Toledo, the Ochoa building, the club Sea Breeze Night Club and the construction of what will be the building El Imparcial. The Popular Bank of Puerto Rico has the architectonic influence of Art Deco. Is painted with white color and yellow stripes between the wall sections of each window. There is a tower that stick out on its roof and has some letters forming the name of the building with an analog clock that shows the time. The building of the Antiguo Correo y la Corte Federal José V. Toledo has the influence of several architectonic movements like Beaux-arts, the Federal style and the Spanish Renaissance. Is built with concrete and limestone, it has cream and gray colors, part of its roof is covered with terracotta roofing tiles and another part has the aspect of a tower with roof extensions with lantern shape. The Ochoa building has cream color with light green touches, possess metal windows with glass persiennes, arches in the first floor facade and you can observe several antennas on its roof. The nightclub building has three floors with green and pink color. It has coupled windows, moldings and small columns. Around it you can see automobiles, trucks, people walking, power line poles, a fire hydrant, sheds, part of the building that used to be part of the railway, antennas and wooden scaffoldings for the construction of one of the buildings. Subsequently, this area has experienced changes and they have established buildings like the buses main station, the parking lot Covadonga, the Condominio Reina de Castilla and the Hotel Rumbao.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Interior view of the Julio García Díaz building's first floor at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. Two people are seen climbing the straight staircase characterized by a metal railing and handrail attached to the wall. The space features elements such as a pilaster, a square pillar, moldings, an arch with a grille on the transom, and a checkered motif floor. A building with a window with horizontal louver-type slats is visible through the arch. The Julio García Díaz building was built in 1936 and exhibits architectural elements characteristic of the Spanish Revival period. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Perspective of the main access road of the Historic District of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. Two reinforced concrete buildings built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Renaissance style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the premises, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain can be seen. The Historic District is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on the building’s dedication plaque. In the background, on the left side, the principal, one-level, and lateral volumes building can be seen, as well as a square-based tower that culminates in a small decorative dome. The main facade has a marked symmetry, with narrow rectangular Miami-style windows on each side, and the entrance door framed by a lobed arch. On the west side of the street is another building with a facade similar to the main building. It was built during the 1930s as a girls' dormitory and exhibited a gallery of semicircular arches protected by railings that run along its entire length, including ornamental block railings. The base of the building is painted a vibrant blue that contrasts with the predominant yellow of the walls. There is also a ramp for people with disabilities at the entrance. The roof of both buildings is gabled with red tiles. In the foreground, you can see the main access road to the Institute, established during the 1930s as part of the construction plans for the Fernández Juncos Avenue in Santurce. The road bordered the compound on the north side, which provided the first direct and formal entrance since its construction. The two-lane driveway includes a central green area. In addition to creating a processional axis that emphasizes the main building and a secondary alignment with the other building, the trees on either side and the central extension give the driveway an allée-like personality. The street runs straight until it curves several feet from the building into a cul-de-sac. Near this point, the central green area is anchored by a fountain. Large lots, green areas, and a variety of new buildings made Santurce a synonym for progress and modernity. In the 1960s, the southeastern part of the district included a third building used as a children's residence that later became an elementary school and was eventually demolished. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this historic district lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the beam and slat ceiling in the west wing of the barrack's portico of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy, located in the La Puntilla area, San Juan. Parts of the plaster material are peeling off, and there are cracks between the beams and the wall. The building was built in the 18th Century originally of wood and fibers from royal palms, but during the 19th Century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new building made of masonry. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the old Arsenal integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

First United Methodist Church - 87001822

First United Methodist Church - 87001822



Facade of the First United Methodist Church of Ponce. The church exemplifies early 20th-century eclecticism, combining Gothic Revival, Spanish Renaissance Baroque, and Byzantine elements. It comprises rusticated reinforced concrete, gabled wood roofs, corrugated metal sheets, and a bell tower. The façade is divided into three bays: a wide central bay with a large four-centered Gothic stained-glass window and two side bays with similar but smaller and narrower stained-glass windows. Above the central bay is a Spanish Renaissance glass oculus. The bell tower consists of a rusticated two-story base with interior steps leading up to a bulbous tower above the pediment. The ground-floor entrance leads to a vestibule through an open archway. On the second floor of the bell tower is a series of four-sided windows with bands of stained glass that provide a distinctive modernist element. The first segment of the tower contains two small striped windows, and the next, higher one, houses the church bell behind narrow arches, one on each of the four sides, supported by Corinthian columns. The bulbous dome tops off the composition. In front of the church is a fence made of rustic reinforced concrete, imitating stone, which integrates railings modulated by pillars and interrupted by a gate. Several cars and people are also notable. The First United Methodist Church of Ponce, representative of the religious architecture of the Czech architect and designer Antonín Nechodoma in Puerto Rico, was built in 1907. It is also important in the religious history of Puerto Rico, as it was one of the first non-Roman Catholic churches built after the change of sovereignty in 1898, and an example of the freedom of worship established after the American occupation of the island.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the open gallery at the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The curvilinear exterior wall of the courtroom is seen, clad in mahogany slats. The base features a small gold-colored metal plinth that contrasts with the wood. The floor is covered with terrazzo tiles with a uniform, polished finish. To the right, an iron railing with thin, vertical lines runs along the corridor, allowing an open view to the outside. In the background, a granite wall is seen. The surroundings include trees and a multi-level residential building in the distance. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Ponce Casino - 87001818

Ponce Casino - 87001818



Perspective of the main entrance and facades of the north and west side of the Ponce Casino, located between Marina and Luna Streets in Ponce. The concrete building demonstrates the highly ornamental tendencies in the architecture of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries in Puerto Rico through its Rococo-style relief and its mansard roof. Openings with segmental or circular arches crowned with moldings and keystones can be seen. One of the doors on the north side exhibits an ornate Spanish Baroque-style pediment with Tuscan columns and pilasters supporting an architrave and a blind arch tympanum at the top. Also visible are the corbels and balustrades that form the balconies on the upper level, as well as the framed openings between the Tuscan columns, quoins, keystone lintels, and triangular pediments with ornamented embossed tympanums. The chamfered section slightly sinks and then curves in a Baroque-style manner. On the ground floor of the chamfer, a large segmental arch opening with molding and a sign in Spanish that reads: "Dpto. de Transportación y Obras Públicas, Oficina Regional Ponce, Programa Señales Tránsito" stands out. The rectangular entrance on the upper level is crowned by a cameo with representations of angels and flanked by Tuscan columns at the level of the baluster, supporting the protruded cornice of the building. The upper edge of the building features dentils, a cornice, a parapet, and split pediments with volutes. The Ponce Casino was built in 1922 following the design of Agustín Camilo González and hosted the social activities of the aristocracy of the southern coast of Puerto Rico. Its architecture combines 19th-century stylistic influences in a concrete building and represents the transition from traditional classic Spanish brick and stucco construction to modern reinforced concrete technology in the United States.

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789

San Antonio Railroad Bridge – 09000789



View of the pedestrian platform of the San Antonio Railroad Bridge, also known as Bridge 1571, seen from the islet of ​​the Municipality of San Juan. The bridge was built between 1923 and 1932 by the American Railroad Company for the Puerto Rico Railway Company, replacing the original 19th-century steel bridge. Company chief engineer Etienne Totti y Torres designed it using early 20th-century Classical Revival architectural elements. The construction of the bridge's substructure and superstructure was directed by engineers Ramón Gelabert and Reinaldo Ramírez, respectively. Although originally designed for rail traffic, it has been used for pedestrian traffic since 1953. In the foreground, the low walls that delimit the platform show signs of wear. In the background, the Guillermo Esteves Volkers vehicular bridge, also known as the Water Bridge, is visible, with multiple arches underneath and in a classical style. This bridge, designed by Rafael Carmoega, features elliptical arches, monumental pillars, and a concrete balustrade. It has multiple modern lighting units along the roadway, and several cars travel across it. Above the abutments are concrete columns with streetlights. In the background, several buildings of different architectural styles, characteristic of an urban area of ​​Miramar, can be identified. The San Antonio Railroad Bridge has great historical significance due to its role in rail transportation in Puerto Rico. It connects the island of San Juan with the Miramar area and is the only remaining facility of the original rail network in San Juan.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



View of the facade of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The facade comprises large glass windows framed by white columns and beams that create a geometric pattern. The main lobby's focal point is the modern staircase, which is in an ample space with large windows. The lower level also has large windows with horizontal blinds that allow natural light to enter and offer an exterior view of trees, buildings, and a reflecting pond on the first level. An iron fence with a concrete base can be seen surrounding the property. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



View of the central pedestrian walkway at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. Due to the severe damage caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, a park rehabilitation project led by architect Andrés Mignucci Giannoni was approved in 2003. As part of the project, more than 200 trees were planted, and the plaza and several paths around the park were paved with granite. Along the path are benches designed by local artisan and sculptor Victor Cott. Other benches were originally designed by Bennett Parsons & Frost in a neoclassical style, but Cott's pieces were designed in a picturesque style. They have a rustic, wood-effect appearance, made of molded cement over a wire and mesh structure. Cott's work throughout the park remains intact. Linear concrete borders demarcating other green areas, square trash receptacles, and classical-style lampposts with bell-shaped lamps are also visible. In the background, a small truncated pyramid can be seen, incorporating a stone design with steps and well-defined edges, part of a children's play area. An informational sign is on the right, integrated into a metal stand. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

First Baptist Church of Caguas - 2013 00019

First Baptist Church of Caguas - 2013 00019



Lateral view of the building of the first baptist church of Caguas, currently known as the Centro Musical Criollo José Ignacio Quintón. The building has two levels made of masonry, gable roof with corrugated metal plates and its style is eclectic since it combines elements of the Romanesque and Gothic architecture. The front facade is presided by a portico closed with a metallic grille. The portico has gable roof secured by brackets and covered by roofing tiles. Besides that, there is an in relief inscription crowning the entrance arch in the portico. The rest of the structure is decorated with wooden windows under semicircular arches crowned with sunrise transoms and entablatures. Also, it can be seen a triangular pediment with a continuous pediment and to the left far end an octagonal belfry tower decorated with cornices, rectangular openings covered by grilles and crowned with a capital and roofing tiles. The belfry also has vertical stained glass and two balconies secured by brackets with wooden doors and framed persiennes. Besides that, in the surroundings you can see adjacent buildings, parked vehicles and signs on the street. The old first baptist church of Caguas was the first from this denomination, built in 1908. After being in use for several years, it was moved to another building so the government of the municipality acquired the building to restore it. Since its renovation, it was converted in a museum of the music named Centro Musical Criollo José Ignacio Quintón. Additionally, it is the headquarters of several municipal musical groups.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of walls and a pair of sentry boxes from the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan, facing the north side and in front of the Atlantic Ocean. These sentry boxes are attached to the fort wall and feature windows, cornices, and domes. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of sentry boxes in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th Century. From this angle, the slope that leads to the Espigón Fort, also legendarily known as the Devil's Sentry Box, can also be seen. The San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195

Luis Muñoz Rivera Park - 07001195



Interior view of a gazebo at the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park in the Puerta de Tierra District, Municipality of San Juan. The park, designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Bennett Parsons and Frost in 1924 following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement and the Beaux-Arts style, began construction in 1932. The initial construction plan was designed by architect Francisco Valines Cofresí, who served as park administrator until 1940 and was responsible for incorporating creative elements into the original design. It was Valines who enlisted the services of local artisan and sculptor Víctor Cott to design and build the gazebos, benches, fountains, and trellises of the park. The gazebo and the benches in the foreground were constructed of molded cement over a wire and mesh structure mimicking wood. The gazebo has an open design composed of a series of vertical posts and horizontal crossbars resembling crossed trunks that connect the pillars and the climbing plants. The floor is covered with irregularly arranged stone slats. The vertical and horizontal posts are joined together directly, without additional ornamentation, emphasizing the simplicity and functionality of the design. On both sides, stone paths lead to other rest areas in the park. In the background, an ornamental stone pyramid, built in the 1930s and designed as a children's play area, can be seen. At the end of the 19th Century, the historic district of Puerta de Tierra was considered a working-class neighborhood, and it was in 1917 that the first official proposal for the creation of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park emerged as a direct result of a redefinition of civic space in that area. Its name honors the Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician Luis Muñoz Rivera, a key figure in the fight for Puerto Rico's political autonomy in union with Spain. The original architects created a master plan that considered the preservation of the San Jerónimo Powderhouse, located within the allotted land. The centerpiece of the plan was the fountain, which included two small gardens, a large play area, a semicircular staircase with two small fountains leading park visitors to the formal gardens, walkways to the north and south of the park, and a central promenade culminating in a small plaza and the Peace Pavilion. Some of the elements included in that master plan were built upon many years later through several interventions developed by local architects, such as renovating the El Mirador terrace and adding a rooftop café on the park administration building. The park is a vital space for the community, retaining its historic design and serene atmosphere. Its rich history and variety of architectural and landscape elements continue to attract both residents and visitors seeking to enjoy its beauty and tranquility.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Interior view of the courtroom of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The courtroom, located on the second floor of the building, is topped by a two-inch-thick concrete shell in the shape of a shallow dome. A band of glass panels between the dome and the ceiling allows for an omnidirectional diffusion of natural light throughout the space. In the center is a wooden and metal railing that creates a division in the space. Chairs are arranged in orderly rows and have a modern design. In the background, walls with a smooth finish and dark tones are seen, separated by vertical wooden frames. Three formal portraits are hung on the wall, framed and evenly spaced. To the right is a classic wooden grandfather clock and the table of the lawyer who appeals during the trial. The doors on the left are made of mahogany with a simple design. All interior details, such as furniture, floors, and curtains, are original, especially the audience chairs designed by the architects. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Low-angle view of the Christopher Columbus Monument in the Colón Plaza in the Old San Juan Historic District. The monument, made of Carrara marble and 42 feet high, consists of three parts: a monumental column of classical order crowned by the effigy of Christopher Columbus and a pedestal. The explorer stands on a globe, looking at the sky, dressed in 15th-century clothing. With his left hand, he raises the flag of Spain, and with his right, he extends his hat. At the bottom of the column are corbeled finials and prows of four caravels intertwined with fish, reinforcing the maritime iconography of Christopher Columbus. On each side of the pedestal are square bronze plaques with historical scenes in relief. Some letters read under one of the panels: “Puerto Rico a Cristóbal Colón.” The complex rests on a stepped quadrangular stone base, transitioning between the monument and the ground. The monument is located in the center of the Plaza de Colón and is surrounded by residential and commercial buildings. The statue created by the Genoese sculptor Aquiles Canessa was erected in 1893 during the celebration of the fourth centenary of the discovery of Puerto Rico. Its installation caused the Plaza de Santiago to change its name to Plaza de Colón. It was also known as Campo de Santiago since military maneuvers were carried out there until the mid-19th Century. This important urban space has served as a historic and contemporary urban lobby for the city since the circuit of walls was erected. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

Oliver Building - 86002764

Oliver Building - 86002764



Front view of the Oliver Building located in the coastal town of Arecibo. The building has three levels and a chamfered corner that serves as the main entrance. Both ends of the facades are divided into seven and six sections. Horizontally, the building is divided into two parts: the base floor and two upper floors. The base is formed by an arcade of semicircular and horseshoe arches framed by continuous moldings crossing the pillars at the impost level. In contrast, the second and third levels have rectangular doors and windows with flat frames. The openings lead to a balcony with balusters supported by decorative corbels under which are a series of lions' heads in relief. There are small balconies with round corners and balconies with two rectangular sections. Between the balconies, fluted pilasters support an entablature. Crowning the building is a parapet with a balustrade and Roman amphorae. A curvilinear facade with a digital clock interrupts the parapet on the chamfered corner. The Oliver building was innovative as it was the first building in Arecibo to utilize the urban concept of apartment living together with commercial viability. It was the first to incorporate reinforced concrete construction methods in the Arecibo region. It also was the first structure in Arecibo to address the street and plaza on a diagonal by using a chamfered corner entrance. In brief, the building represents the arrival of modernization and then current urban concepts in the northwestern region of Puerto Rico. Architecturally, the ornamentation reflects the Beaux Arts School of thought, spreading Europe and America, arriving in Puerto Rico with Spanish influence, and incorporating elements of traditional Spanish design, such as arcades and massive wall articulation. The surroundings of the building show parked cars and people walking by. The Oliver Building was built in 1914. Over the years, it has been used as a residential and commercial space and headquarters of several important foreign consulates. It was restored in the 1980s, and all spaces allocated for housing were converted into commercial spaces.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View from the observation point of the Castillo de San Cristóbal, also known as “Caballero de San Miguel,” towards the San Sebastián Bastion, the Santo Tomás Bastion, and Castillo San Felipe del Morro with its distinctive lighthouse in the distance in San Juan. Standing out from Castillo de San Cristóbal are the rotating rails for cannons; a person walking can also be seen. A crenelated parapet with sentry boxes attached characterizes the San Sebastián and the Santo Tomás Bastions. Also visible are buildings of different heights and the houses of La Perla community, followed by the dome of a church that bears the same name as the cemetery, Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis. The Fort Brooke Officers' Club is visible at the front entrance of Castillo San Felipe del Morro. Castillo de San Cristóbal is the inner line of defense of the extensive 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to Castillo de San Felipe del Morro by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the Spanish Navy's Old Arsenal ruins, located in La Puntilla in San Juan. This perspective presents several rectangular openings for doors and windows and semicircular arches. The second-level arches integrate balustrades. In the center stands a double staircase with risers formed by a checkered design. Several windows with ornamental grilles are visible on the walls of the stairs, and in front of them, an interior patio. The building was built in the 18th Century and was originally made of wood and fibers from royal palms. Still, during the 19th century, Captain General Don Ramón de Castro ordered the construction of a new masonry building. Gradually, it expanded until it became a complex of diverse buildings protected by a high masonry fence. The set of buildings of the Old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy integrates different architectural elements, ranging from Neoclassical and Romantic styles to the Second Empire Baroque and Neo-Arabic styles, also considered representative of Elizabethan architecture. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Teachers' Temple - 16000189

Teachers' Temple - 16000189



Main facade of the Teachers' Temple, also known as the headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, located in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The concrete building is symmetrical, two-story, and features a metal roof. It maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, next to the natural gardens of Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, the facade combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the tradition of Beaux Arts design with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style and neoclassical details. The entrance portico, one of its most outstanding elements, features a Moorish-style arch and four Corinthian columns crowned by a cornice with ornate moldings surrounding a pediment decorated with four urns at its top. The rectangular building is arranged longitudinally across the lot, with the interior spaces arranged in an "H" shape. The ground floor rises seven steps above the ground level, with rectangular triptych windows on both sides of the main entrance. A double doorway displays an ornate molding with a plaque above. The front corners are projected on this elevation and on the front, with the same window composition as the second floor, which features another false balcony. These projections have rectangular windows aligned on both levels with simpler molding details. The second level of the facade features a series of more elaborate windows with rounded arches framed in white molding, a sill, and brackets below. The rectangular windows are enhanced at the corner volumes with concrete false balcony details at the front and side windows. This level was used as an auditorium for large meetings, assemblies, cultural activities, or artistic presentations. The elaborate central portico protrudes further from the rectangle to create an imposing entrance space that spans both levels and contributes a Moorish element. Two sets of Corinthian columns support the second-floor portico section with the central multi-line arch. Pilasters of the same design complete the entrance portico, with elaborate relief motifs adorning the friezes and the cornices above the column capitals. All of the structure's doors and windows are blocked by wooden panels, suggesting a state of neglect. A molding of ovoids and darts crowns the ceiling frieze, and above it, the relief design is topped by a group of urns at the corners and a leaf design in the center surrounding a bronze medallion with the logo of the "Tribunal General de Justicia," which is of a later date. A lamppost is also visible at each end of the steps. A fence with several signs, a sidewalk, and a parking area for several cars surrounds the building. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the Great Moat and a sentry box attached to the Castillo de San Cristóbal wall in San Juan. The sentry box features windows, a cornice, and a dome. Both the sentry boxes and the walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their primary function was protection and surveillance. There is no evidence of the origin of the style of sentry boxes in Puerto Rico, but the oldest images are found in the plans of Tomás O’Daly and Juan Francisco Mestre, dated around 1770, and in paintings by José Campeche made at the end of the 18th Century. The upper part of these walls exhibits a crenelated parapet. The San Cristóbal Castle is the inner line of defense of the large 18th-century fortifications that guarded the landside of San Juan and was connected to San Felipe del Morro Castle by the north and south walls of the city. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Perspective of Paseo de Covadonga Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. A paved street is lined with leafy trees, creating shade in the surrounding areas. To the right is a bronze sculpture depicting a human figure on a horse, with basket details on the sides, situated on an elevated rectangular base. The sculpture is located in the area delimited by decorative white spheres aligned along a concrete sidewalk. To the left of the image, buildings with simple facades, arched windows, and railings on some balconies can be seen. In the background, the street continues with more trees and green areas, while the image's perspective highlights the depth of the road. The sidewalk is delimited by a yellow border that separates the vegetation from the pavement. Paseo de Covadonga aligns with the 19th-century promenade known as Paseo de Puerta de Tierra, where the 19th-century Plaza de la Lealtad was originally located. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237

Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building - 16000237



Main living area of ​​the Puerto Rico Gay Pride Community Building, also known as Casa Orgullo, in the Río Piedras neighborhood of San Juan. Built in 1937, this two-story, reinforced concrete building is associated with the development of the modern apartment house of the 1920s and 1930s on the island and became a very popular choice among real estate investors and the middle and professional classes who were beginning to settle in San Juan. Its architectural style has elements of the Spanish/Mediterranean Renaissance movement. On the left wall is an access door with a modern design. In an apparent state of remodeling, on the right side of the door, an exposed pipe runs vertically up the wall to the ceiling, possibly used for electrical or plumbing installations. On the center wall is a stainless steel refrigerator placed against the wall. It is located near the entrance and could be there temporarily, given there is no sign of kitchen furniture around it. The wall extends into a hallway at the back. On the right wall, you can see an exposed electrical wire coming out of a hole, possibly for a future lighting or outlet installation. Along the wall, there is a gap that gives access to another area of ​​the building. Along the top edge of the right wall, there is a conduit for an electrical installation. The floor has a tile surface that is in the condition of construction or renovation. There are several electrical cables spread out on the floor. In the background, there is a hallway that leads to other areas. The Gay Pride Community organization, founded in 1974, was the first gay/lesbian attempt created in Puerto Rico to confront social, political, and legal discrimination against the local LGBTQ community. In August 1975, the organization rented the apartment building for $300 a month and named it Casa Orgullo, making it its headquarters and providing free health clinics to the community in Río Piedras until it was dissolved in 1976. Although the building has been remodeled, the physical integrity of the property has been preserved.

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00013

Arecibo Trip - 2014 00013



View of the building Suliveres from the cathedral San Felipe Apóstol (catholic) in the coastal city of Arecibo. At the foreground, you can see the roof of the cathedral and pilasters. The building Suliveres is crossing the street, it has U shape, it has two levels of wood and concrete with flat roof. Its design is inspired in the classic architecture with influence of the Spanish Noucentisme. It is presided by a front patio surrounded by a concrete balustrade and landscape zones. The facade is decorated with quoins, an ornamental frieze and a continuous cornice that at the same time secure a superior parapet that surrounds the rooftop as an open balcony. The doors are double made of wood and glass with persiennes. Some doors are under semicircular arches framed and crowned with sunrise transoms. The ones of the second floor has balconies of double sections with balustrades and others are under rectangular arches presided by parapets. Besides that, the central part of the building has galleries that give access to the interior with concrete balustrades modulated by square columns. Above the balustrade of the second floor you can see plants on pots. On both sides of it you can see attached buildings among which it stand out flat roofs, balconies, double doors, framed windows, moldings and parapets. Also, you can se a multi-storey, power line poles and abandoned buildings. The building Suliveres was built between 1895 and 1910, has been used as a residential and comercial space.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Detail of the wall on the north side of the floating battery of Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan. In the front space, there is a staircase with a wooden railing; to the right, a rectangular opening with an iron gate, and in the background, the Atlantic Ocean. The walls were built using limestone and arsenic blocks obtained from local quarries, bricks, and plastered surfaces, and their main function was protection and surveillance. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Banco de Ponce - 87001003

Banco de Ponce - 87001003



View of the main facade of the Banco de Ponce, located on a triangular lot defined by Amor and Comercio streets in the coastal city of Ponce. The building is a three-story concrete building in the Beaux-Arts style of the early 20th Century and an example of the Beaux-Arts architects' interpretation of the Fin de Siecle (End of the Century) in Ponce. The facade is distinguished by the monumental pilasters with fluting and a Corinthian capital that accentuates the verticality of the building. The pilasters flanking the entrance are round, while those on the sides are square and paired. Above them is an entablature made of a cornice, a frieze with rosettes, and a series of dentils. The upper part is joined by protruding panels in the shape of pilasters, topped with a small cornice and a parapet that incorporates a medallion surrounded by two cornucopias and an inscription: "B of P." Several ornamental bands, glass windows with mullions, and balustrades are between the pilasters. An aedicule with a triangular pediment accentuates the main door, and above it stands out the name of the building: "Banco de Ponce." Several people, cars, traffic signs, and a traffic light are visible across the sidewalk and the street. The Banco de Ponce, built in 1912, was designed by Francisco Porrata Doria, a Puerto Rican pioneer in the development of local modern architecture and one of the creators of the movement called “La Arquitectura Monumental” in Ponce. It, along with its neighbor, the Banco Crédito y Ahorro Ponceño, are examples of the efforts of local financial institutions of that time to compete with American banks for the wealth of Puerto Rico’s flourishing sugar industry. For a few years, its third floor was used as the ballroom of the Casino Español de Ponce.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of casemate number twenty-three in Plaza de Armas of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. The double-leaf wooden door is framed in a drop arch and, on its upper part, exhibits a window with wooden panels. This door is framed between a semicircular arch-shaped molding, pilasters, and a buttress that integrates a plaque with an inscription. The pilasters support a cornice crowned with a parapet. The castle is a large masonry fort located on the western end of San Juan Island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers about seven acres. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the highest is 140 feet. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00040

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00040



The old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in La Puntilla neighborhood in Old San Juan. The building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and was built in 1800. On the right side of the image is an open-air corridor and a facade painted white and gray. It has white semicircular moldings, cornices, pilasters, wooden double-leaf doors, and a brick floor. Adjacent to this building is the Madres Carmelitas chapel. This building is also representative of the Neoclassical architectural style, and it is painted pink, cream, and white. It has a semicircular dome crowned with a terracotta-colored lantern at the top. It has cornices, semicircular arches, and two wall lamps supported by brackets. A portico can also be partially observed, as well as columns and the triangular pediment of the chapel's main entrance. A roof with air conditioning units and vents can be seen on the left side of the image. There is a window opening with white moldings at the bottom. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture. The La Puntilla condominium can be seen on the left side of the image. It is painted orange and cream. The Banco Popular of Puerto Rico, whose architectural style is Art Deco, can be seen in the distance. It has windows with rectangular and square openings and a tower with a sign that reads "Banco Popular." It was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier. The towers with lanterns of the Jose V. Toledo United States Courthouse and Post Office combine different architectural styles, such as Beaux-Arts, Federal, and Spanish Colonial Revival. It was designed by Oscar Wenderoth, and it is painted cream and terracotta. Other high-rise buildings, utility poles, and trees can be observed.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of La Princesa Bastion, located east of the San Cristóbal Castle in San Juan, with the Atlantic Ocean in the background. This view shows pillars with pyramidal tops and walls made of sandstone blocks and bricks. Most surfaces are plastered. Also visible are some semicircular openings and a wooden bridge with railings. At one end is a small wooden building with a gabled roof, a window, and a metal mesh fence surrounding it. La Princesa Bastion preserves its original casemates and magazines built at a lower level: a dirt-covered bunker and a concrete base from a World War II anti-aircraft emplacement overlay this unit. It is one of three bastions built in the last decades of the 19th Century around the San Cristóbal Castle, as indicated by plans from the 1760s-70s. During World War II, it underwent alterations that erased distinctive features of its original design. However, it retains the character and appearance of the most advanced 18th-century defense techniques applied in a rugged and inhospitable area. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

 Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



North facade of the main building of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Renaissance style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the facility, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The main building seen here has a single story with a symmetrical design and a prominent central volume, while the laterals extend horizontally. The main entrance is in the center, framed by a lobed arch, and features an access ramp flanked by two steps. Above the arch, a coat of arms is seen in relief. An exotic tower with semicircular arched openings at the top features a complex design that contrasts with the simplicity of the rest of the building. Its exterior is divided into three sections that narrow as one ascends. While the first section is an irregular chamfered octagon, the second is a regular octagon. Four panels of the second section are arched and open, while the others are covered with blue and white ceramic tiles. The openings at the top are framed by thick arched frames and covered with blue and white square tiles, while the lower parts have similar tiles but with a different pattern. An arched rope molding separates the stringers from the tympanum. Two corbels support the tympanum lintel, giving the opening a more geometrically complicated profile. All components are made of reinforced concrete, which shows the knowledge of how to work the material to obtain complex shapes and figures. A fourth pattern in the band found at the top of the first section serves as a transition. The upper part, covered with blue and white tiles that form chevrons, adds movement and polychromatic drama to the tower and the facade. Several moldings sit on its upper part, creating a base for the ball that crowns the composition. The side sections have four narrow rectangular louvred Miami-style windows, protected by metal grilles that provide light and ventilation to the main body of the building. Some windows have air conditioning equipment installed at the bottom. The roof is made of red tiles with a moderate slope, and it has a simple cornice in the lower sections. Some tiles are missing from the roof. The base of the building is painted with a blue plinth that runs along the entire facade, visually delimiting the transition between the ground and the main yellow walls. The immediate surroundings include large trees, lamp posts, flagpoles, and a fence that delimits a separate space. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289

Trujillo Alto Bridge – 09001289



High-angle perspective of one of the abutments of the Trujillo Alto Bridge, also known as Bridge #427 in Trujillo Alto. The bridge is a single-span, two-lane, Pennsylvania truss-style steel bridge resting on concrete abutments and crossing the Loíza River. In the foreground, the rectangular abutment constructed of reinforced concrete can be seen. It features a vertical design with three longitudinal grooves with Art Deco influences, a characteristic rustic concrete finish, and a surface with signs of deterioration. To the right of the abutment and on both sides of the roadway, there is a concrete balustrade, and to the left, a metal railing alongside large beams that are part of the bridge. The base of the abutment is partially obscured by vegetation. The Trujillo Alto Bridge was built between 1939 and 1941 with funds from the New Deal economic reform program enacted by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Architect Robert R. Prann Stannard was in charge of preparing the site, constructing the bridge abutments, and installing the steel components, all of which were manufactured in the United States. It is also one of two surviving Pennsylvania truss bridges in Puerto Rico, giving it significant architectural and historical value. In 1985, the Highways and Transportation Authority proposed demolishing the bridge, but the local community filed a legal challenge to retain it, considering it a historical monument, and the plans were canceled. The bridge was restored as part of the Authority's 2002-2004 restoration project. The missing steel members were replaced, and the south abutment was shored up. Another significant change was the shape and pattern of the paving stones in front of the bridge's south abutment. This was part of the construction of the Bicentennial Walkway, inaugurated in 2007 to commemorate the city's 200th anniversary (1801-2001). Although the integrity of the surroundings was compromised by the construction of the concrete bridge in 1985, the historic bridge retains key visual elements and systems (such as its steel superstructure, substructure, abutments, and access spans) that give it its distinctiveness and significance.

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110

Condado Vanderbilt Hotel – 08001110



View of the lobby staircase of the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in Condado's urban, commercial, and tourist district in the Municipality of San Juan. The hotel was designed in 1917 for the Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest of its time, by the renowned New York-based architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore. Construction began in 1918 and opened in 1919. It was originally named the Hotel Grand Condado Vanderbilt, but over the years, it changed names to Hotel Condado, Condado Beach Hotel, and Hyatt Puerto Rico Hotel. It has five floors of reinforced concrete and exhibits a Spanish Renaissance style combined with architectural influences from the neo-colonial styles prevalent in Florida and California at the time. In the foreground, part of the staircase being restored can be seen, without lower support and with vertical movement, ascending to the lobby of the second floor. The reinforced concrete staircase has a smooth finish at the bottom and exposed concrete edges showing deterioration, with the original coating partially missing. The walls are reinforced concrete with a rustic texture and traces of wear. On the second floor, a series of rounded arches with moldings on the edges and columns integrated into the interior wall, centralized and symmetrically arranged, is repeated on the exterior wall, creating a symmetrical passageway and maximizing air and light circulation. To the right, on the second floor, a wooden railing with a mesh screen protects the area. The walls appear deteriorated, showing the original cement, stains, and wear in some areas. Some exposed beams are also visible in the reinforced concrete ceiling. Below the curve of the staircase, two large rectangular openings with moldings emerge, leading to a hallway with three other openings of varying sizes leading to the exterior. These three are closed off with wooden panels. The building is currently being renovated, revealing the exposed, unfinished concrete. The Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, introduced Beaux-Arts architectural influences and a focus on luxury tourism, fostering the growth of the Condado area as a tourist destination. This development was also facilitated by the connection of the Dos Hermanos Bridge, facilitating access between San Juan and Condado. In 1959, Hotel La Concha was built on land just east of the Condado Vanderbilt complex, which would later become part of the state-owned conglomerate known as the Condado Trio, which included the Convention Center building. However, the Condado Vanderbilt complex is not only historically significant as the vacation destination that transformed tourism in Puerto Rico; the hotel established the elegant style that characterized Condado's upper class and influenced the design of homes later built in the area. Despite several interior renovations and modifications over the years aimed at modernizing and adapting to current demands, the hotel has retained much of its original design, including its facade, which defines it as an early 20th-century example of the Grand Hotel typology.

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters - 14001135

Villa Victoria - YMCA Headquarters - 14001135



Main facade of Villa Victoria, also known as the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) headquarters in San Juan. Originally built as a family residence, the house is made of wood, masonry, and concrete, has a single elevated floor with a basement, and is in the French Colonial style. The facade is divided into sections defined by corner ashlars and rustic pilasters that mark the entrance and define the central section. It has a symmetrical design, highlighted by turquoise blue moldings that frame both the corners of the building and the doors, with a simple cornice interrupted by a pediment in the center. In the foreground, the property is delimited by a low cement wall with metal balusters and decorative masonry elements. To the left is the main entrance, accessible via an exterior staircase that leads to a projecting front portico. The portico is covered by a canopy supported by two wrought iron columns with simple ornamental details. The portico and side balconies' railings are wrought iron. The doors on either side of the main entrance are French-style, with glass panels, and open onto small, parapet-like balconies of intricate wrought iron. Above each door are spotlights for exterior lighting. To the right, a side balcony is supported by six slender wrought iron columns or colonnettes that form an open gallery, protected by a wooden balustrade, different from the central portico. In the courtyard, a metal fence delimits the property. Villa Victoria is one of the few remaining homes that predate the expansion and development boom in Santurce and the Miramar residential area, and it is one of the oldest. Although the architectural elements suggest a possible 19th-century construction, no documents dating before 1903, nor has any record of the architect in charge of the design been found. After passing through several owners, it was acquired by the YWCA in 1955, becoming the headquarters of a vital institution in women's empowerment in Puerto Rico. Although the building has undergone several renovations throughout its existence, its architectural character and composition remain intact, making it an excellent example of turn-of-the-century buildings.

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695

University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Ladies' Residence - SG100002695



Low-angle view of the Ladies' Residence building, also known as RESI or Ladies' Dormitory, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. Built of reinforced concrete, with nine floors and 104 units, the building has a facade comprising projecting rectangular balconies evenly distributed throughout. Each balcony has concrete railings that function as partial privacy walls. These balconies are aligned in rows that run along the visible facade. The building has long, narrow windows on either side of the balconies. On the far right of the building is a sun shield made of vertical louvers, which run from the ground to the top level, providing ventilation and light to the stairwells. The base of the building has a series of lattice windows and an area enclosed with a metal fence. The immediate surroundings include a grassy area on the left and a medium-sized tree in the same direction. To the right of the building, a simple metal lamppost is located in the foreground. The Residence, built in 1960, was part of a master expansion plan developed by the University of Puerto Rico during the 1950s. The former rector of the University, Jaime Benítez, appointed architect Henry Klumb to design approximately 25 projects, including the Residence, due to the influx of new students coming from regions outside San Juan. Its innovative design, with natural ventilation (brise-soleil) and utilization of light, reflects the adaptation of modern architecture to the tropical climate. Different construction materials, such as cast-in-place concrete, prefabricated elements, stamped concrete, coarse and fine plaster surfaces, hydraulic cement tiles, terrazzo floors, and baseboards, also produced avant-garde architecture. For over 60 years, it has maintained its original integrity and remains a symbol of educational and social transformation in Puerto Rico.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



Low-angle view of the Caribe Building on Palmeras Street in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. This 17-story building, built in 1984 by Enrique Gutierrez Enterprises and Esteban Bird Jr., is considered an architectural monument due to the two majestic murals by Cuban artist Cundo Bermúdez displayed on its facade. The multicolored Byzantine mosaic murals are titled “Las Antillas” and “La Flora” and extend along its 17 floors. It has a modern style design and is composed of an office tower with a glass facade and white metal frames. The tower has an elongated rectangular shape, with horizontal lines defined by the windows and glass panels, creating a repetitive and uniform pattern. The base of the building is formed by a low volume, covered with corrugated white panels, which adds texture to the design. Surrounding the building are large trees and palms. In the background, another modern high-rise building with balconies and glass facades can be seen. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sections that make up the San Juan Islet (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th Century. It comprises 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups: civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic, exemplifying a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

Walter Mc Kown Jones School - 12001249

Walter Mc Kown Jones School - 12001249



Main facade of the Walter Mc Kown Jones School in Villalba. The single-story, reinforced concrete building, built in 1926, is an example of early 20th-century institutional architecture on the island. Its eclectic style combines influences from Neoclassical and Spanish Revival styles and many Prairie style elements, such as the brick details in the arches and the strong horizontal lines in the wide cornices. Seven Roman arches are visible, each supported by paired round columns that share a base and impost. At the top of the parapet are six decorative concrete scuppers with a concave molding projecting, each vertically aligned with the medallions that adorn the spandrels on the wall between the arches. The school name appears in the center of the main elevation, above the wide cornice and below the scuppers. The center of each medallion features an indeterminate thick finish surrounded by faience tiles arranged in a concentric pattern framed by an astragalus molding. A tie-knot ornament (overlaid by three horizontal band moldings) flanks the window. Above the window are two pairs of sawtooth brackets framed by simple moldings. The brackets support a thin, flat concrete slab eave. The main entrance is marked by a roofed portico, small cement steps, an ornamental iron railing on the left, and a door in the center decorated with school motifs. The predominant color of the facade is light yellow with terracotta accents. In front of the building, a concrete path leads to an access ramp with a simple metal railing. The entrance features a grassy area with several palm trees, shrubs, and a triangular wooden piece with a bronze bell from 1850, originally used to house the ashes of Walter Mc Kown Jones, the school's founder and Villalba's first mayor. The original building was built in 1926 and designed by Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega Morales, who played a pivotal role in school construction in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1947, the Government of Puerto Rico commissioned contractors José Correa Álvarez and Carlos V. Cabiya to make modifications and add four additional classrooms to the school. In 2018, the school closed its doors but continued to be managed by the Walter Mc Kown Jones Foundation. Its continued use over the decades, expansions, and repairs have further reinforced its preeminent role as a key academic facility and one of Villalba's most important architectural resources.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Side facade of the Hostos building that houses the revenue office of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, in San Juan. The first level of this building shows an arcade supported by columns with capitals that integrate acanthus crowns and volutes. It also exhibits semicircular arches, a ramp with railings, and a staircase that leads to the entrance of the building. The second level features double arches with mullions and double-leaf windows. The first and second-level roofs have brick tiles. The building is complemented by a large garden integrating bushes, palms, and trees. The Hostos building is part of the Quadrangle of the University of Puerto Rico and exhibits architectural details of the Plateresque and Spanish Revival styles representative of the Hispanic tradition. The Tower and the Quadrangle constitute the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of ​​San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



Perspective of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Tower at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan, with a view from the Las Américas condominium. Numerous buildings and houses from the University Gardens and Hyde Park developments are seen between the condominium and the university campus. The design of the Tower was commissioned by designer William Schimmelpfenning, of Texan origin and a Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate, by the chief architect Rafael Carmoega. Using elements of the Spanish Gothic and Baroque Revival styles, its construction began in 1937. Once completed in 1939, it was inaugurated and named after the then-president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its emblematic composition consists of a carillon, a clock, a rotunda that rises four stories to reach a reinforced concrete dome, and a balcony with a carved mahogany balustrade on the third floor. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Front view of one of the versions of the wooden hut belonging to the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The hut is a rectangular wooden shed supported by five columns wide, six columns long, and two central columns, and is designed in a tropical vernacular style. All the beams are rounded, wooden, retaining a natural, unpolished aesthetic, and aligned in a regular sequence. At the bottom left, the raised concrete bases where the columns rest can be partially seen, protecting the hut from moisture and erosion caused by contact with the soil. The hut has entrances at both ends, where several concrete slabs sit on the gravel floor, transitioning between the surroundings and the wooden floor. A clay pot with a broad-leaved ornamental plant stands out at each entrance. The floor has a concrete base in front with beams supporting a tongue-and-groove hardwood floor. The railing is made of wood with a diagonal cross pattern in each square. It has a hipped roof covered with densely placed palm leaves, creating a wide roof that extends beyond the column line and provides additional protection. This roof also serves as a preservation element for the wooden floor, protecting it from direct exposure to the elements. The interior space of the bohío is designed to take advantage of air currents, which is reinforced by the lack of closure between the interior and exterior. The photo shows that the roof is under maintenance, as palm branches are arranged on the ground in front of the hut. This building has undergone several modifications as the family enlarged it over the years, and was subsequently destroyed in 1998 when a tree fell on it. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Detail of the main staircase of the Teachers' Temple in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The concrete building is symmetrical, two-story, and has a metal roof. It maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, adjacent to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, it combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition on the facade with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style on the portico, combined with Neoclassical details. The pink terrazzo steps have a distressed surface. Despite wear, the steps maintain their structural integrity, although dust and dirt accumulate along the edges. The railing is made of wrought iron and follows a repeating pattern of geometric shapes and spirals. The balusters are arranged symmetrically with curved details. Some areas of the ironwork show signs of rust, especially where it meets the steps. The wooden handrail shows signs of wear, and a decorative wooden finial on the first step post is prominent. On the lower steps, scattered papers indicate the building has been neglected for some time. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Outdoor fountain at the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a section of the Municipality of San Juan. The fountain’s design is inspired by Moorish elements found in southern Spain. The base is wide and stepped, with a protruding section that creates a wavy border around the building. At the center of the fountain stands a simple pedestal holding a goblet. A small, paved plaza separates the fountain and the path from the buildings. Buildings, trees, and light poles can be seen in the background. The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the facility, a playground, and this Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between blind educator Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario and American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle were also involved, as noted on a dedication plaque on the building. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414



A view of the dining room of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's residence, also known as Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's Residence and Library, in the affluent urban environment of Condado in San Juan. The house was built in 1940 and exhibits a sober Spanish Renaissance style. On the right side, an arched entryway divides the open area comprising the dining room and the staircase leading to the upper floor. The space features a flat ceiling, hanging glass lamps, and smooth, cream-painted walls. Along the left wall are several wooden windows with glass, framed by simple moldings and arranged in a row, allowing natural light to enter. In the center of the room is an arrangement of long rectangular tables and metal stands, surrounded by chairs with straight backs. In one corner is a portable wooden framed whiteboard. A white wooden door with rectangular glass panels leads to a half bathroom at the south end. One can see decorative and functional elements on the walls, such as paintings, photographs, and framed diplomas. A framed portrait stands out as a central decorative piece on the side wall. This property was the residence and workplace of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez, one of the most prominent female voices of the Generation of Thirty, a middle-class Creole literary movement of the 1930s that, in response to U.S. control over the island, shaped Puerto Rican cultural identity. She was co-founder of the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Puerto Rico and achieved international recognition for her in-depth critical essays and studies of Puerto Rican and Latin American literature. She died in 1983, leaving the house in her will to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which converted it into a library in the 1990s.

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174

University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle - 84003174



View of the Agustín Stahl building interior patio at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan. This building features arcades on both levels. The arches of the first level are semicircular, while those of the second level are depressed arches. At one end of the building is a staircase leading to an arch with grilles, and brick tiles stand out at the top. The windows have horizontal louver-type slats. This building, built in 1928, was originally known as the Science Building and later as the Music Department of the University of Puerto Rico at the Río Piedras Campus. It exhibits characteristics from the Spanish Revival period. The Tower and the Quadrangle are the main entrance to the Río Piedras Campus of the University of Puerto Rico. The complex was built in the 1930s and 1940s, a time of modernization and political, social, and economic development in Puerto Rico, following the Plateresque architectural design, representative of the Hispanic tradition. Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega carried out the work. The tower's entrance plaza and the Quadrangle's interior courtyard, with its administrative offices, the Rector's Office, the Theater, and the Department of Humanities, are unparalleled urban landmarks in Río Piedras and the metropolitan area of San Juan. The Agustín Stahl and Julio García Díaz, two other buildings located outside the perimeter of the Quadrangle, were part of the original work using the same design, and they share the historical and aesthetic values of the rest of the campus.

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506

Puerto Rico Supreme Court - 06000506



Low-angle view of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico courtyard, located on the grounds of the Muñoz Rivera Park in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The exterior space comprises a paved pedestrian path delimited by white borders. This path has a pattern of white circles and straight lines evenly distributed and crosses through a landscaped area with grass and trees. A modern building with straight lines and a functional design is observed on the right side, characterized by simple geometric shapes and large rectangular windows. The facade combines solid walls with a parasol over the main entrance, distinguished by a rectangular opening. In the center of the green space is a flag of the United States on a concrete base. The environment presents an orderly distribution of the landscape and buildings. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico was designed in 1952 by architects Osvaldo Toro and Miguel Ferrer, with additional contributions from Charles H. Warner Jr. and Harold Eliot Leeds, and combines the Classical architectural style with elements of the tropical modernism movement. It was inaugurated in 1956 and was recognized as one of the ten best buildings in Puerto Rico by the League of Architects of New York in 1960. The main building is reinforced concrete, covered with white marble and granite. It exhibits an imposing reflecting pond that runs through the building, ending in a semicircular staircase and a concrete dome that makes up the main lobby. It has three levels, with functional spaces such as offices, a library, archive areas, and a circular court. Over the years, the building has maintained its architectural integrity with minimal alterations, consolidating itself as an icon of tropical modernism and a symbol of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816

Rafael Cordero Graded School - MP100005816



View of the main corridor on the second level of Rafael Cordero Secondary School, also known as Rafael Cordero Molina Occupational School of Commerce and commonly referred to as La Cordero, in the Santurce neighborhood of San Juan. This reinforced concrete building was built in 1917 and has two U-shaped floors with twelve classrooms, two basements, and an attic. It was designed in the Classical Revival style by Adrian C. Finlayson, the state architect responsible for constructing major schools on the island, and contractor Antonio Higuera led its construction. A long corridor is delimited by cylindrical columns extending in a row along the right side. The Tuscan columns are equidistantly spaced, with circular bases and simple capitals. A low balustrade composed of decorative cement blocks in the shape of a diagonal cross can be seen between each column, topped with a simple handrail. On the left side of the corridor is a plain yellow wall with windows framed by blue rectangular moldings and wooden lattices. The ceiling is flat, with rectangular grilles and interspersed light fixtures. It has an upper cornice with linear details of straight moldings that emphasize the horizontality of the design. In the background, access to another area can be seen, delimited by an arched opening and a metal gate. The Rafael Cordero High School is among the most distinguished academic facilities of its time in Puerto Rico and retains a high level of historical integrity. It is one of the first buildings on the island to demonstrate the transition from traditional construction methods, such as brick and wood, to new construction technologies, such as reinforced concrete. The property boasts distinctive characteristics of early 20th-century school buildings while claiming individual distinction.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00029

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00029



Facade located next to the main entrance of the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy in La Puntilla neighborhood in Old San Juan. The building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and was built in 1800. A two-story building painted salmon and white can be observed. It has parapets, cornices, pilasters, six wooden double-leaf doors with white moldings, and a balcony without railings with a skirt supported by pilasters and wooden beams. In front of the facade, there is a wall and three automobiles. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture. Part of the tiled roof of the United States Customs House, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan," can also be seen in the image. Its architectural style represents the Spanish Colonial Revival style, and its construction was done by the architect Albert B. Nichols. The building was built in 1924 and is painted pink, white, and terracotta. The United States Customs House was entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1988. The upper part of the Banco Popular of Puerto Rico can be seen from a distance. The building is painted cream and represents the Art Deco architectural style. It was designed by the architect Chauncey W. Riley and built by the engineers Juan M. Beltrán Carrasquillo, Manuel Miró y Saurí, and José Benítez Gautier.

Teachers' Temple – 16000189

Teachers' Temple – 16000189



Side view of the Teachers' Temple, also known as the Puerto Rico Teachers Association headquarters, in Puerta de Tierra, San Juan. The two-story concrete building with a metal roof maintains an elegant urban presence on Avenida Constitución, adjacent to the natural gardens of the Luis Muñoz Rivera Park. Featuring an eclectic architectural style, the facade combines elements of the turn-of-the-century Mediterranean Revival style in the Beaux Arts tradition, with elements of the Hindu-Moorish style and Neoclassical details. Its symmetrical layout has both corners extending from the main structure. The elaborate central portico in the image protrudes further from the rectangle to create an imposing entry space that spans both levels. Two sets of Corinthian columns support the second-floor portico section with the central multi-line arch. Elaborate relief motifs adorn the friezes and the cornices above the column capitals. Between both sets of columns and flanking the central arch, the false windows are topped with fan-shaped mullions, better known in Puerto Rico as Sunrise Transoms. A molding of ovas and darts crowns the frieze. Above it, the relief design is crowned by a set of urns at the corners. At the bottom of the portico, the main door is framed by decorative moldings with reliefs on the sides, topped at the top by a circular medallion. The double-leaf main door features carved details. A series of rectangular windows can be seen on the ground floor, aligned in groups of three, while the second-floor windows are more elaborate, featuring semicircular arches. On the far right, part of a rectangular window on the lower level can be seen, and above it, part of a false balcony. These windows are framed by simple moldings that contrast with the more elaborate decoration of the portico. In front of the portico, two lampposts and part of the stairs leading to the main door can be seen. The Teacher's Temple, the first headquarters of the Puerto Rico Teachers Association, was designed by architect Joseph O'Kelly and built by engineer Gabriel Martínez Guzmán in 1934. Inaugurated on March 29, 1935, it represented a collective effort by the Puerto Rican teachers to have their own permanent headquarters, financed through contributions from its members, and where events of great social, cultural, and historical significance for Puerto Rican citizens were held. It is assumed that the Association named it a Temple due to the emergence of Freemasonry lodges in Puerto Rico, which impacted many towns' architecture and urban aesthetics. Over the years, the building has changed owners several times and has served various purposes, including as a military installation and government offices. Although its structure has undergone numerous modifications, it retains its historical integrity despite its constant deterioration.

Walter Mc Kown Jones School - 12001249

Walter Mc Kown Jones School - 12001249



Interior view of an arched portico at the Walter Mc Kown Jones School in Villalba. The single-story, reinforced concrete building, built in 1926, is an example of early 20th-century institutional architecture on the island. Its eclectic style combines influences from Neoclassical and Spanish Renaissance styles, with many Prairie style elements, such as the brick details in the arches and the strong horizontal lines in the wide cornices. A roofed portico and two Roman arches are visible, each supported by paired round columns that share a base and impost. The arches are decorated with the top and bottom moldings, and a small frieze connects the columns between each arch. One arch has an access ramp to the building, while the other has a simple metal railing. The predominant color is light yellow with terracotta details. The floor is paved with square terracotta flagstones. Outside the building is a garden with grass, palm trees, and other shrubs. A low wall encloses the garden. The original building was built in 1926 and designed by Puerto Rican architect Rafael Carmoega Morales, who played a pivotal role in school construction in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1947, the Government of Puerto Rico commissioned contractors José Correa Álvarez and Carlos V. Cabiya to make modifications and add four additional classrooms to the school. In 2018, the school closed its doors but continued to be managed by the Walter Mc Kown Jones Foundation. Its continued use over the decades, expansions, and repairs have further reinforced its preeminent role as a key academic facility and one of Villalba's most important architectural resources.

Teatro Victoria - Humacao - 2011 00003

Teatro Victoria - Humacao - 2011 00003



Teatro Victoria in Humacao. Corner view of the three floor building with Beaux-Arts style. The main facade has flat arches on the first floor. On the second and third floor there are four semicircular arches with balconies on both levels. The balconies from the second floor have flat balustrades, while the ones from the third floor stick out on a semicircular shape. The wall has bossage on both far ends. In this space there are flat arches with parapets on the second and third floor, the ones from the third floor have appentices. The facade has a parapet with balustrade and a quadrangular pediment that says: "Teatro Victoria". You can see a section from one of the lateral facades that has a stair with tube railing up to the third floor where you can see an entrance. The building is painted white and the paint is deteriorated. The wall and the columns from the first floor are covered up to the middle with red tiles. The first floor is occupied by the Me Salvé store. You can see several people in front of the store entrance. Next to one of the columns there is a postal office mail box. There are automobiles parked on the street in front of the building. The building Teatro Victoria, inaugurated in 1928, it was used as a movie theater, then it was closed in 1964. Subsequently, it became headquarters of several outbuildings from the Colegio Regional de Humacao de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. Then the first floor was occupied by the Me Salvé store.

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249

San Vicente de Paul Catholic Cemetery – 88001249



View of the Neo-Gothic mausoleum of the Robert Subirá family located in the San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery in Ponce. This mausoleum has several pinnacles and pointy arches that frame the door with bars and the window with grilles. On the back, the mausoleum of the Serrallés family stands out, characterized by Neoclassical elements such as columns with fluted shafts and Ionic capitals, a door with moldings, a window framed in a semicircular arch, a cornice, a frieze, a parapet, and the hipped roof with brick tiles crowned with a cross. Around these mausoleums, other graves are also visible, surrounded by pillars with chains, complemented by crosses and vases with flowers. The San Vicente de Paúl Catholic Cemetery, representative of the funerary architecture of the early 20th Century, was erected, blessed, and administered by the Vincentian Fathers for the exclusive use of the wealthy Catholic residents of Ponce and opened in 1901. The layout follows the Spanish tradition of having two main axes forming a cross, and its tombs and mausoleums span varied architectural styles typical of the Spanish Classical Revival through to Art Deco. These display sculptures in marble, granite, and pink Ponce stone, interspersed with less sophisticated funerary monuments designed by unknown local craftsmen. The cemetery also exhibits a group of niches built below ground level, thus giving the effect of catacombs. Many were abandoned or moved to the Ponce Civil Cemetery due to the high cost of maintenance and strict regulations set by the administration.

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2010 00003

The Puerto Rican Athenaeum - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2010 00003



The Ateneo Puertorriqueño located at Puerta de Tierra in Old San Juan. It was founded in 1876 and constructed by the engineer Ramón Carbia Burt in 1923. It is the oldest cultural institution in Puerto Rico, also known as "la Docta Casa." Its architectural style is representative of the Moorish Revival style. It was nominated to enter the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is painted white and terracotta. The upper half of the facade has an eave covered by tiles supported by wooden corbels. It also has seven multifoil arches interrupted by eight pilasters with tiles on top. On the lower half of the facade, six pilasters support a semicircular arch and an entablature covered in tiles with floral designs. The doorway has "Ateneo Puertorriqueño" written at the top. On both sides of the pilasters, there are friezes in high-reliefs with representations of human figures sculpted by the Italian artist Arrighini. There are steps and streetlights in front of the entrance. The building also has glass windows with hinged wooden frames and a torch-shaped ornamentation in the upper right corner of the image. Trees, shrubs, a palm tree, a decoration allusive to the Three Wise Men, grass, and a flag pole can be seen in the surrounding areas. The Ateneo Puertorriqueño was founded to promote the theater, music, film, literature, history, science, the moral and political sciences, and the visual arts in Puerto Rico.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



Perspective of the southeast side of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan, also known as El Morro. It features the Great Moat, a counterscarp, an arched bridge, and a sallyport emphasizing the entrance. At the corner of a wall with crenelated parapets stands out a sentry box, with a base with a cord, a rectangular window in the body, and crowned with a cornice, a dome, and a spherical ornament. The entrance to the fort, which can be seen in the foreground, also features a triangular pediment and columns flanking the sallyport gate. A masonry bridge with semicircular arches crosses the moat from the glacis beyond the counterscarp. In the background, the Morro lighthouse with a lantern is visible. The castle is a large masonry fort located at the western end of the San Juan island. It has a triangular plan with eight levels, projecting hornworks on the landward side, and covers approximately seven acres of land. The lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and the upper level, 40 feet above it. The landward side is protected by the Great Moat, which runs between the north shore and the steep cliffs of the bay. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

ArquiTour 2015 - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00010

ArquiTour 2015 - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00010



In the center of the image is the Casa de España building in Old San Juan. Its architecture is of Spanish Moorish Revival style. The facade is white and blue; it has tile roofing, several towers with mullions, walls with ornamented buttresses, and corbelled eaves. It also has bay windows and suspended glass double-leaf windows with transoms. Steps, window openings, light posts, a wall with buttresses, and palm trees can be observed at the bottom half of the building. On the right side of the building is a pergola supported by columns and a balcony with street lights. It has double-leaf doors, street lights, and a quoined arch at the bottom left half of the building. Casa de España entered the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1983. Next to Casa de España is the Biblioteca Carnegie. The tile-covered roof and the part of the white and pink-colored facade can be observed. This building has a Neoclassical architectural style and entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1983. The roof and the light blue-colored walls of the Puerto Rican Athenaeum can also be observed. This building is representative of the Moorish Revival Architecture style. Next to this building is the Casa Olímpica, which later became the headquarters of the Puerto Rican Olympian Committee. Its architectural style is Neoclassical and is cream and white. The cornices, wooden lattice double windows with transoms, and a structure on the top of the building with a hipped roof, a hinged door, and windows with glass squares can be observed. Next to this building is the former Casino of Puerto Rico, which later became the headquarters of the Centro de Recepciones Oficiales del Gobierno de Puerto Rico. Its architectural style is Beaux-Arts, and the building is gray and white. The mansard roof, cornices, balusters, rectangular moldings, and glass double-leaf doors can be observed. It was entered into the National Register of Historic Places of the United States in 1977. On the right side of the image, there are workers with construction machines asphalting the street on Muñoz Rivera Avenue. The masonry walls and the embrasures of the Castillo San Cristóbal can be partially observed. On the left side is the blue building known as Ramón Mellado Parsons. This is a three-story building with glass windows, a balustraded balcony, and a slanted roof that overhangs the building. It has a staircase that leads up to a rooftop surrounded by metal railings. Behind this building is the Administration for Child Care and the Integrated Development of Childhood building, which is red and white and has reflective glass windows, parapets, and a tower-like construction with hipped roofing at the top part of the building. Adjacent to this building is the José Julián Acosta School, painted in dark turquoise blue. It is representative of the Mission Revival architecture style. The cornices, pediment, moldings, and white rectangular windows can be seen. The upper half of the Teatro Alejandro Tapia y Rivera can be seen in the distance. The cornices and the triangular pediment can be observed. A semicircular dome with a white color lantern can also be observed. The image has several plants, balconies, cornices, window openings, and utility poles.

La Giralda - 08000786

La Giralda - 08000786



Low-angle view of the south and west facades of La Giralda, located in the Miramar sector of the Santurce neighborhood in the Municipality of San Juan. This eclectic residence, built around 1910, combines elements of the Neoclassical and Victorian styles and was designed by architect Francisco Valinés Cofresí. Its square, irregular floor plan features four levels of reinforced concrete, including an attic, a basement, and a gabled roof. Two facades are observed, each with symmetrical designs and balanced proportions that repeat architectural elements. The building is characterized by a prominent balcony on the second level and a balcony above. The entrance portico, which forms part of the balcony, features partially fluted Corinthian columns on a base the same height as the concrete balustrade surrounding it and a series of steps providing interior access. This balustrade is repeated on the second level, delimiting the balcony, which protrudes slightly toward the front of the building. On the third level, a small balcony is supported by thinner columns, a pediment, and a gabled roof. Below the pediment, decorative diamond-shaped panels can be seen. It has double-hung wooden windows with ornate frames and is crowned by rectangular molding details, contributing to a symmetrical aesthetic. The Victorian-style gabled roofs of La Giralda combine the Classical pediment element found in many Neoclassical buildings. The original roof was composed of wooden trusses covered by zinc panels but was reconstructed. Due to the height of the floors, the arrangement of its architectural elements, the effect of the tower, and the volumetric balcony, La Giralda retains the scale of the properties of its time. Below the portico, a series of wooden grilles can be seen at regular intervals. Scaffolding can be seen placed on the top and right side of the building. A metal fence of spear-shaped bars and concrete pillars at the corners surrounds the residence. It is painted yellow with white details. La Giralda is a historic house that reflects the majesty and dignity of its time and place. This neighborhood emerged as a planned residential suburb for the local upper class in response to San Juan's population growth in the 19th Century. Miramar's architecture consolidated an exclusive residential setting that contrasted with other areas, accentuated by the arrival of transportation that connected the area to the urban center. The house stands out for its size and permanent construction materials, as most houses of the time were made of wood. Although it suffered alterations and deterioration, it was restored in the 1990s, maintaining its exterior integrity, and has become an icon of Miramar's architectural and social history.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



View of the reservoir weir at the Piedras River belonging to the San Juan Aqueduct. The original design was by local engineer Fernando Alameda in 1887 and later modified in 1891-1892 by two British civil engineers, J.M. Grover and Henry Thomas Granger. It was completed in 1894. The weir has a polygonal shape, and its foundations are made of hydraulic concrete and blue limestone from nearby quarries and assembled at unique angles to provide strength and durability. Two vaulted openings are designed to control the water flow and channel the sediment accumulated upstream. This mechanism constitutes an ingenious and simple work of engineering that has survived over time since it only uses the forces of gravity. In the foreground, pieces of concrete that are part of a platform installed to increase the retention capacity of the water deposits can be seen. However, the original design did not consider this additional load; over time, this alteration caused the deterioration of its embankments. A section of the wall on the right is partially collapsed. The surrounding vegetation is dense, with trees and bushes surrounding the riverbed. The old San Juan Aqueduct is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks, a pumping station, and the second contains a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Aqueduct in that area was also key to the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00038

The Old Navy Arsenal in La Puntilla - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2011 00038



Aerial view of several buildings in La Puntilla neighborhood in Old San Juan. On the left side of the image is the United States Customs House building, also known as the "Aduana de San Juan." Its architectural style represents the Spanish Colonial Revival style, and its construction was done by the architect Albert B. Nichols. The building was built in 1924 and is painted pink, white, and terracotta. It is a two-story building with an irregular rectangular shape, and one of its corners is projected at an angle. The upper half of the building has a tile roof, six dormers, cornices, and five semicircular arches with roll-up doors. On the bottom part of the building, there is an angled facade with a door, antennas, an air conditioning system, and fans. The United States Customs House entered the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Next to this building is the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy. The building represents the Neoclassical architectural style and was built in 1800. It is painted yellow, cream, white, and brown. The main entrance has a portico supported by four columns, which support an entablature with friezes. The building has acroterium, cornices, parapets, semicircular arches, pilasters, street lights, and doorways. At the top of the building is the hemispherical dome crowned with a lantern of the Madres Carmelitas Chapel. The chapel is painted salmon, white, and terracotta. Later on, the old Arsenal of the Spanish Navy was used for exhibitions and as administrative offices of the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture. Adjacent to this building is the United States Coast Guard, painted white, brown, and terracotta. At the top of this building is a structure with an arched roof, window openings framed with white moldings, and awning windows. The lower half shows an entrance with a canvas curtain, windows with white moldings, and trees. The San Juan Bay, palm trees, and trees can be seen in the distance. A road can also be seen in the image, and sidewalks, automobiles, people, and part of the La Puntilla Condominium building can be partially observed.

Parish San Antonio de Padua - Barranquitas - 2012 00009

Parish San Antonio de Padua - Barranquitas - 2012 00009



View of the Parish San Antonio de Padua in the town of Barranquitas. At the foreground you can see the square Bicentenaria Monseñora Miguel Ángel Mendoza decorated with an ornamental iron gazebo decorated, landscape areas, ornamental iron benches, light poles, decorative fountains and plastic awnings. In front of the square there is the Parish San Antonio de Padua. The parish has two levels with gable roof and an eclectic design inspired in the Spanish Revival, Art Deco and Neoclassic. The front facade is decorated with an entrance framed and flanked by pilasters above where there is a niche secured by a bracket in where, in addition, there is a railing and a statue of Saint Anthony of Padua. It is in front a glass window with a semicircular arch framed and flanked by pilasters. The facade also has glass windows, an oculus and a curvilinear pediment crowned with a cross. Additionally, from the building it stick out a belfry decorated with finishes, cornices, moldings crowned with roofing tiles and a cross. The Parish San Antonio de Padua was built for the first time in 1792, nonetheless, it had to be rebuilt four times after being destroyed by several hurricanes. In the decade of 1930 the building also was used as a school, in addition, it had a cinema for the students and subsequently it was open to the general public; remaining in use until the decade of 1970. Finally, in 1933 it was rebuilt with the current design and restored in the decade of 1980.

Villa Julita - 86003491

Villa Julita - 86003491



Front view of Villa Julita, also known as the Ulrich house, in the town of Aibonito. The house has a Creole style that combines elements of other architectural styles; it is built of wood and concrete with a zinc roof on stilts. The windows and exterior doors combine wooden shutters and glass panels topped with wooden transoms. On the other side, a hexagonal-shaped corner space with glass windows and a gable roof can be seen. A large balcony with a balustrade and concrete Doric columns is also visible. In the front, there are concrete stairs with a stepped railing. On the right end of the balcony is a round porch showing the influence of the Victorian style and the wooden latticework covering the entire lower edge of the balcony. Villa Julita was designed and built in 1915 by Alfredo Weichers, an architect from Ponce, and the builder Salvador Landó. Using Creole and Beaux-Arts architectural styles, Weichers created architecture unique to his time on the island. In 1917 the property was sold to the Wirshing Serallés family from Ponce, who later sold it to the Ulrich Foundation in 1972. However, since 1950, the Foundation used it as a residence for conscientious objectors to the Korean and Vietnam wars, and the Mennonite church used the land for innovative agricultural education in Aibonito until 1974, when the property was sold again and used as a comprehensive development center for children. However, a few years ago, the house was restored to its original style and opened to the public for guided tours.

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00025

Bastión de las Palmas de San José - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2012 00025



Bastión de las Palmas de San José, located on the corner of Tetuán and San José Streets in Old San Juan, was built in the 17th century in 1625 after the Dutch attacked Old San Juan. Two green-colored benches, a railing, and a masonry wall made out of stone and bricks can be observed in the image. Bastión de las Palmas de San José was later turned into a park. A blue and white-colored building that has balconies supported by brackets, railings, and white moldings can be partially observed on the right side of the image. A semicircular arch of the Capilla del Santo Cristo de Salud, also known as Capilla del Cristo, is visible. It was built in 1753 by the architect and military engineer Juan Francisco Mestre. The chapel has characteristics of the Mudéjar architectural style. It was built in brick and masonry. The side facade of the old Hospital de la Concepción, also known as Convento y Casa de Salud Siervas de María, can also be observed. It has parapets, cornices, and lattice windows with transoms. On the left side is a tower with a dome in the upper half of the old La Princesa prison. This building was built in 1837 and was used as a prison until 1976, when it was closed down due to problems with its structure. In 1992, the Puerto Rican government restored it and turned it into the headquarters of the Puerto Rico Tourism Company. The architect, Miguel Carlo, was responsible for the building's restoration. Palm trees, trees, the San Juan Bay, and the chimneys of Central Palo Seco in the municipality of Toa Baja can be seen in the image.

ArquiTour 2015 - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00016

ArquiTour 2015 - San Juan (Old San Juan) - 2015 00016



José Julián Acosta y Calbo School in Old San Juan, formerly known as San Juan School Number One. The building is representative to the Mission architecture style and is turquoise and white. The main entrance has a portico with columns and semicircular arches. The upper part of the building has an open balcony with railings and doors flanked by two wooden double windows with a roof supported by corbels. There is a pediment with an oculus and an inscription that reads "José Julián Acosta School" which is decorated with garlands. It also possesses cornices with a parapet on the upper part. The façade has Bas-reliefs and it is divided by wooden double windows framed with rectangular-shaped moldings. There are shrubs and three flag poles with flags in front of the façade. La Constitución Avenue is in front of the school which has, automobiles, palm trees, street lights, sidewalks, and some orange traffic markers. The clocktower and the Covadonga parking garage are located behind the school. Muelle #4, the cruise ship terminal, can be partially seen in the distance. This building is orange and cream-colored. It has a sloped roof supported by pillars and two flagpoles with the Puerto Rican and United States flags can be observed in front of the main entrance. The San Juan Bay and some wagons can also be observed, as well as the hangars of the Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport, which is colloquially known as the Aeropuerto de Isla Grande, or Isla Grande Airport.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Side view of the building located on the west side of the entrance to the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The building, with a facade similar to the main building, was built during the 1930s as a girls' dormitory and exhibits a gallery of semicircular arches protected by railings that run along its entire length. Vertical metal railings cover these arches, a functional detail that provides symmetry to the design. Under the arches, a perforated decorative pattern with repetitive semicircular shapes can be seen, which allows ventilation and provides an ornamental detail. The roof is gabled with red tiles and includes a gutter for water management. The side of the building shows simple ornamental details, such as painted corbels that support small eaves over the windows. The base of the building is painted a vibrant blue that contrasts with the predominant yellow of the walls. On the front, there is an access ramp with a metal railing. The surrounding area is dotted with palm trees and vegetation, highlighting the design’s focus on climate adaptation. The Historic District includes two reinforced concrete buildings built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type driveway serving as the main entrance to the complex, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment from the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between blind educator Loaiza Cordero Del Rosario and American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as noted on a dedication plaque on the building. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of Braille to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of Puerto Rico's modernity and progress.

Citibank at Gonzalo Marín 101 - 86003183

Citibank at Gonzalo Marín 101 - 86003183



Side view of the Gonzalo Marín 101 building in the coastal town of Arecibo. It is a two-story, plastered masonry Neoclassical-style building originally built for commercial and residential purposes. The front facade has three sections, and the side part has four sections connected by a curved corner. At ground level, a continuous plinth supports the building. Surrounding the front and side facade is a row of marble cladding interrupted by the front door. The door is double-leaf with glass, while the windows are made of glass and aluminum framed with moldings. Next to the door, flanked by lanterns, an inscription that reads: “CITIBANK”. A cornice divides the building's two levels, supporting the cantilevered front balcony with ornamental iron railing. The balcony houses three wooden French doors framed with moldings and crowned with an entablature. The middle door has three pilasters that support a pediment. On the left are four wooden French doors with ornamental iron sills framed and crowned with an entablature. Defining the corners of the building are pilasters that support the upper cornice and a parapet that crowns the building as an open balcony. On the street, cars and people walking can be seen. Built in 1908, it was one of the last buildings designed with Spanish Neoclassical terms on the island. From its beginnings, the building housed banking institutions until the Great Depression of 1930, when First National City Bank opened its branch, thus becoming the first bank in the United States in the area.

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414

Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez Residence - 11000414



High-angle view of the garage and service area of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's residence, also known as Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez's Residence and Library, in the affluent urban environment of Condado in San Juan. The house was built in 1940 and exhibits a sober Spanish Renaissance style. The rectangular concrete building, seen here with a flat roof and an air conditioner, is located within the lot, south of the main house, and was used as a garage and the house staff's room with a bathroom. Two wooden doors can be seen leading to the garden ornamented with irregular slabs and vegetation and to the main house's kitchen entrance. Each double-sided wooden door and window is crowned with a concrete canopy roofed with clay tiles. A white metal gate with an ornamental design is located on a wall that delimits the patio. In the background, a street with parked vehicles and metal fences protecting the properties can be seen. This property was the residence and workplace of Dr. Concha Meléndez Ramírez, one of the most prominent female voices of the Generation of the Thirties, a middle-class Creole literary movement established in the 1930s in response to the United States control over the island that gave shape to the Puerto Rican cultural identity. She also co-founded the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Puerto Rico and achieved international recognition for her in-depth critical essays and studies of Puerto Rican and Latin American literature. Dr. Meléndez Ramírez died in 1983, leaving the house in her will to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture, which converted it into a library in the 1990s.

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465

Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465



Aerial view of Plaza San José, also known as Plazuela de Santo Domingo, in the Old San Juan Historic District. A group of buildings with different architectural features can be seen around the plaza. Located on the corner of Cristo and San Sebastián streets, this space was part of the original Ponce de León family estate and is one of the oldest in the city. Trees surround the plaza, and in the center stands a sculpture dedicated to Juan Ponce de León made of cast British cannons. On the left, two-story residential and commercial buildings can be seen, including Patio de Sam, one of the first restaurants in the area, after the Government of Puerto Rico declared San Juan a historic zone during the 1960s. The salmon-colored building on the corner exhibits a facade organized in regular modules. The arches on the lower level serve as entrances or windows, while the upper level features balconies with simple, protruding railings. The facade is clad in masonry, and the design is symmetrical, with simple moldings. The yellow building follows a colonial style with simple details. On the second level, balconies with railings stand out. This building has a prominent cornice that delimits the transition between the facade and the flat roof, which seems accessible by its low parapet. The building on the right, one story, gray with white awnings, exhibits a more sober and modern design compared to the previous ones. In the background, a taller white building with a red domed roof can be seen. This design element denotes the influence of the Neoclassical or Colonial style. In the distance, the San Juan Bay, mountains, and the coast of the Cataño Municipality are visible. The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585

San Juan Waterworks - 07000585



View the mechanical filters located at the back of the old San Juan Waterworks' Chemical and Mechanical Filtration Station. An open area with large, rusty metal tanks lined up on the ground can be observed. To the left is a concrete building with Miami-style windows protected by bars, while to the right is the roof of a building with railings and open cubicles supported by concrete columns. Cables run across the area, and the surrounding ground is covered with weeds and trash. The reinforced concrete, one-story, flat-roofed building was designed by Carlos del Valle Zeno and built by two municipal engineers, Fernando Montilla and Miguel Ferrer Otero, in 1923. It replaced a wooden shed built between 1917 and 1918 by Roberts Filter Manufacturing Company in Pennsylvania that housed only four filters. With the start of World War I and the establishment of a military camp nearby, eight new filters were added, increasing the aqueduct's filtering capacity. The mechanical filters were added when electric water pumps replaced the old steam pumps. At an unspecified later date, the two small buildings, seen in the background, were also added to accommodate lime and alum tanks. The old San Juan Waterworks complex is the best example of late 19th-century hydraulic works in Puerto Rico. It was first proposed in the 1840s, but construction did not begin until 1892. The water treatment plant began supplying drinking water to the city in 1899 and closed operations in 1980. This historic complex, composed of architectural elements with colonial and Neoclassical Spanish style influences, is located within the Botanical Garden and Agricultural Station of the University of Puerto Rico and part of the San Juan Ecological Corridor, and covers approximately 24.18 acres, divided into two parcels. The main parcel consists of a dam, filtration and processing tanks, and a pumping station, and the second parcel houses a storage tank for filtered water. Establishing the Waterworks in that area was key in the planning and development of numerous communities in Río Piedras, Santurce, Puerta de Tierra, and Miramar, a local historic district planned after the availability of running water from the aqueduct.

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936

Puerta de Tierra Historic District - RS100002936



South side view of the United States Naval Radio Station, also known as Casa Cuna, in the Puerta de Tierra Historic District in San Juan. The reinforced concrete building has a rectangular Art Deco-style design with modern influences, characterized by simple and symmetrical lines. The main façade is gray with white details and lacks elaborate ornamentation, reinforcing a functionalist style. The upper part has a straight pediment with slightly protruding edges, where the text "US Navy Radio Station" is inscribed. The windows, distributed symmetrically, are vertical and elongated, framed by simple moldings and divided by pilasters that occupy the entire façade. To the left of the main building is a second, smaller building of similar style. In the immediate surroundings, it has vertical metal railings that delimit the perimeter, interspersed with rectangular concrete pillars that support the sections of the fence. These pillars have a minimalist design and a smooth finish. At the vehicular entrance, the paved road curves toward the main entrance, surrounded by green areas with well-kept grass, small shrubs, and tall palms. Along the road, cylindrical lamp posts can be seen. The building, built in the 1940s, was vital during the war and one of the five transoceanic wireless stations in the United States. In 2006, the land and building of the radio station were transferred to the Municipality of San Juan, and in September 2008, Casa Cuna, an adoption agency, was established. The Puerta de Tierra Historic District is one of two sectors that make up the Isleta de San Juan (the other being the Historic District of Old San Juan). The name Puerta de Tierra comes from the fact that this area was the only land access to the walled islet, which was under military control until the second half of the 19th century. It has 270 buildings that can be subdivided into four groups- civic, ecclesiastical, commercial, and domestic- and exemplifies a rich architectural tapestry that spans more than five centuries. Together, these buildings illustrate the cultural and historical evolution of the area and serve as a testament to the intersection of military strategy, colonial influence, and modern urban development.

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930

San Juan National Historic Site - 66000930



View of the Santa Barbara bastion from the lower level of the San Felipe del Morro Castle in San Juan. The Santa Barbara bastion is located 48 feet below the level of El Morro's central courtyard or Barracks' Plaza, facing the Atlantic Ocean and San Juan Bay. On this lower level, a series of casemates intended for armaments open toward the north side of the courtyard and support the bastion. The open vaulted casemates on the south side support the main ramp and were used for the garrison's kitchen, forge, and other service facilities. From the casemate on the northwest side of the courtyard, a vaulted tunnel leads to the remains of a 16th-century tower. El Morro is a large, eight-level, triangular-plan masonry fort that covers approximately seven acres of land. Its lowest level is 16 feet above sea level, and its upper level is 140 feet, with the Great Moat protecting the landward side. A sallyport centered by ramparts between the hornworks is the only means to exit the fort. The San Juan National Historic Site includes El Morro Castle and the San Cristóbal Castle with its Santa Teresa and La Princesa outworks, El Abanico, the Great Moat, and the La Trinidad and San Carlos ravelins, also the city walls and the satellite forts of El Cañuelo, San Jerónimo, as well as other structures that represent the first, second and third lines of defense. These defenses were the main fortifications in the Caribbean of the Spanish Empire and contributed to the protection of Spanish imperial interests in the New World. Its construction began in the 16th Century (1539) and continued its expansion for almost four centuries until World War II.

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712

Luis Muñoz Marín Residence - 11000712



Rear-view of the Luis Muñoz Marín Residence, also known as the Trujillo Alto Farm, in San Juan. The house is a single-story, concrete house built in the Modernist/Internationalist style. There is no evidence of plans or a known original construction date. The rear of the house is elevated on metal pillars. Large rectangular wooden windows with shutters stand out on the upper level, contrasting with the light-colored exterior walls. The windows have a small, protective concrete roof, suggesting they allow abundant natural light and ventilation. The house's roof is flat, with a two-foot overhanging eave that surrounds most of the house. A white light fixture is attached to the roof at the right corner of the eaves. A parapet with recessed decorative rectangles adds a modern touch to the design. Above the roof, two large spotlights used to illuminate the outdoor area can be seen. To the left, there is also a covered terrace, delimited by a gray railing with vertical posts and horizontal rails, similar to the one found in the rest of the house. This terrace is supported by square metal columns that extend to the ground. Beneath the terrace is an open space, accessible through an unfenced area, where you can see several metal columns supporting the house, chains hanging vertically from the ceiling to the ground, and various stored objects. The land surrounding the house has dense tropical vegetation and large trees. The ground in front of the house is dirt and sloping, combined with a small paved path. The Luis Muñoz Marín Residence is of great historical significance. It was the home of Puerto Rico's first governor elected by its citizens, considered the architect of modern Puerto Rico, and one of the most influential politicians in Latin America in the 20th Century. It is located on a three-and-a-half-acre rural lot, adjacent to the library, personal office, and an administrative office. All of them were built in the early 1960s and served as the dignitary's vital place of work and residence from 1946 until he died in 1980. In 1948, a wooden hut was added to the complex, where family reunions and important political meetings were held. Later, in 1987, the site became the Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation, consisting of several buildings designed by the Sierra Cardona and Ferrer architectural firm, and others that were built in 2011 and designed by architect José Javier Toro.

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935

Loaíza Cordero Institute for the Blind Historic District - RS100002935



Low-angle view of the main building tower of the Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children Historic District, located in Santurce, a sector of the Municipality of San Juan. The tower is predominantly eclectic in architecture, contrasting with the simplicity of the rest of the building. Its exterior is divided into three sections that narrow as you ascend. While the first section is an irregular chamfered octagon, the second is a regular octagon. Four panels of the second section are arched and open, while the other four panels are covered with blue and white ceramic tiles. The openings at the top are framed by thick arched frames and covered with blue and white square tiles, while the lower parts have similar tiles but with a different pattern. An arched rope molding separates the tympanum stringers. Two corbels support the tympanum lintel, giving the opening a more geometrically complicated profile. All components are reinforced concrete, evidencing knowledge of how to work the material into complex shapes and figures. A fourth pattern in the band at the top of the first section serves as a transition. Although barely visible at the top, blue and white tiles form chevrons, adding movement and polychromatic drama to the tower and façade. Several moldings sit on top, creating a base for the ball that crowns the composition. The district includes two reinforced concrete buildings, built between 1927 and 1938 in the Mediterranean Revival style, an Alameda-type path that serves as the main entrance to the complex, a playground, and a Moorish-inspired fountain at the entrance. It is an example of a unique and novel architectural treatment of the 1920s, the product of a creative collaboration between the blind educator Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario and the American architect Joseph O’Kelly. Engineers Manuel L. Miró and Demetrio del Valle also participated, as stated on a dedication plaque on the building. The Loaíza Cordero Institute for Blind Children was the first institution on the island dedicated to the education of blind children, setting a precedent in educational integration and the introduction and adaptation of the Braille system to the Spanish language. The Institute focused on formal instruction and integrated practical and vocational activities to prepare students to function independently in society. The work of its founder, Loaíza Cordero Del Rosario, recognized for her leadership and commitment, left a lasting cultural impact on the educational history of Puerto Rico. The uniqueness of this Historic District lies in the introduction of one of the first buildings built in reinforced concrete, a novel material for the time, and which used the semantics of the Mediterranean Renaissance, interpreted at the time as symbols of modernity and progress in Puerto Rico.