Old San Juan Historic District - 12000465
Aerial view of the Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in the Old San Juan Historic District. The cemetery, dedicated to the Italian Carmelite mystic of the same name, canonized in 1699, began operating and was blessed in 1814. The ossuary was built in 1841, and three years later, a small wooden chapel with space for only six bodies was completed. In the 1860s, it was replaced by the current circular masonry chapel, whose architectural style can be described as neo-cinquecento with Renaissance influences. The building is crowned by a red, hemispherical dome, which rises above a cylindrical drum. The drum has circular and rectangular openings that function as windows, reinforcing the classical and functional aesthetics of the composition. It has a semicircular arched opening at the top of the dome and culminates in a decorative finial with a cross. It has smooth finishes that stand out for its white color, highlighting the contrast with the red decorative elements. In the background, a wall with thick parapets belonging to the San Felipe del Morro Castle can be seen. More modern buildings can also be seen on the horizon, contrasting with the historical elements in the foreground.
The cemetery is divided into two sectors; the oldest includes an ossuary, a circular chapel, and a monumental portal. The ossuary runs along the northern defense wall; the portal divides the original area from a later extension, and the chapel anchors the two central lanes that divide the cemetery into four quadrants. The second sector, dating from the last decades of the 19th Century, resulted from the need for more space and almost doubled the size of the original site. Hundreds of tombs, from the humblest to the richest luxurious pantheons, line the streets, representing various architectural styles and funerary sculptural works. Although the property is still used as a cemetery, it derives its primary national significance from its distinctive design, artistic and architectural merits, unique landscape setting, and the dozens of graves of important historical figures. Patriots José Julián Acosta, José Celso Barbosa, Salvador Brau, José de Diego, José Gautier Benítez, Antonio R. Barceló, Pedro Albizu Campos, Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, Samuel R. Quiñones, Santiago Iglesias, as well as artists José Ferrer, Pedro Flores, Pedro Salinas, Rafael Hernández, Tito Lara, Gilberto Monroig, Rafael Tufiño, and Tite Curet Alonso are some of the illustrious figures of the 19th and 20th Centuries buried in this cemetery.
The Old San Juan Historic District, commonly known as Old San Juan, is located on the northern coast of Puerto Rico, on the San Juan Islet. Four bridges connect the Islet to the archipelago of Puerto Rico. It is the second oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Conceived as the capital of Puerto Rico, it is also the oldest urban center on the island and in the United States of America. The district, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Art Nouveau, and Art Deco architectural typologies, surrounded by defensive stone walls that protect military bastions and fortifications and public, residential, and military buildings.